Electronics Ancillary System PDF

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ANCILL ARY SYSTEM Electronic Building Auxiliary Systems BUILDING SERVICES Building services are “what makes a building come to life”. It include: Energy supply – gas, electricity and renewable sources Heating and air...

BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ANCILL ARY SYSTEM Electronic Building Auxiliary Systems BUILDING SERVICES Building services are “what makes a building come to life”. It include: Energy supply – gas, electricity and renewable sources Heating and air conditioning Water, drainage and plumbing Natural and artificial lighting, and building facades Escalators and lifts Ventilation and refrigeration Communication lines, telephones and IT networks security and alarm systems Fire detection and protection  AUXILIARY SYSTEMS Electrical/Electronic Auxiliary Systems are components related with Security Systems, Comfort Systems, Lighting Systems and Information Systems which are very important to help the main system to perform according the specifications. AUXILIARY SYSTEMS Telephone and Data distribution telecommunication – systems – Multiple Type, number of lines and Public address – conductor cables, twisted stations, switchboard Intercom, paging and pairs, coaxial cables, Fiber (manual, PBX), basic and music systems optic cables, wire closets, special features, facsimile, etc. modem, etc. Audio/video – Radio, TV, Satellite dishes – Transmission – and signal distribution Number, diameter, and Transmitter and systems orientation microwave towers Cable – CCTV distribution systems, locations, and interfacing with other auxiliary systems AUXILIARY SYSTEMS Automatic controls – Fire detection and alarm Time and signal – Clock Interface with HVAC and systems – Interface with fire and program systems other building service protection consultant consultant Special systems – Security systems – CCTV Numerous specialty systems monitoring, detecting, for hospitals, research, alarming, controlling, and computer centers, and interface with security industrial, military, or defense consultant facilities, as applicable AUXILIARY SYSTEMS ELECTRONICS PERMIT ELECTRONICS PERMIT ELECTRONICS PERMIT ELECTRONICS PERMIT AUXILIARY SYSTEMS The complexity of Auxiliary Systems varies with: Living standards of the society Climatic conditions of the region Occupancy and quality of the building BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ANCILL ARY SYSTEM BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ANCILL ARY SYSTEM  AUXILIARY SYSTEMS Electrical/Electronic Auxiliary Systems are components related with Security Systems, Comfort Systems, Lighting Systems and Information Systems which are very important to help the main system to perform according the specifications. TYPES OF BUILDING AUXILIARY SYSTEMS FIRE DETECTION AND ALARM SYSTEM (FDAS) Fire detection and alarm systems operate on some basic principles. If a fire is detected, then an alarm is triggered. This warns building managers and occupants that there may be a fire and that evacuation may be necessary. BACKGROUND MUSIC SYSTEM A Background Music System in a commercial environment is a music playback system that plays continuous background music, normally via a distributed public address audio system. It may include an element of zoning so volume levels are suitable for each area or zone of an environment. PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM (PAS) A public address system (or PA system) is an electronic system comprising microphones, amplifiers, loudspeakers, and related equipment. It increases the apparent volume (loudness) of a human voice, musical instrument, or other acoustic sound source or recorded sound or music. BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM A building management system (BMS), otherwise known as a building automation system (BAS), is a computer-based control system installed in buildings that controls and monitors the building's mechanical and electrical equipment such as ventilation, lighting, power systems, fire systems, and security systems. CLOSED CIRCUIT TELEVISION SYSTEM (CCTV) CCTV stands for closed-circuit television and is commonly known as video surveillance. “Closed-circuit” means broadcasts are usually transmitted to a limited (closed) number of monitors, unlike “regular” TV, which is broadcast to the public at large. CCTV networks are commonly used to detect and deter criminal activities, and record traffic infractions, but they have other uses. ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM An Access Control System determines who is allowed to enter or exit, where they are allowed to exit or enter, and when they are allowed to enter or exit. VOICE & DATA NETWORKING SYSTEM Voice communication system are methods of communication between two parties via the medium of talking. Data communication networks, which transmit digital data (numeric data, text, graphics, photos, video, and voice) from one computer to another using a variety of wired and wireless communication channels. AUXILIARY SYSTEMS ELECTRONICS PERMIT Bill of Quantities (BOQ) Recall: WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) WBS TYPE: Phase Oriented ABC Project Phase 01 Phase 02 Phase 03 WE 1.1.1 WE 1.1.2 WE 1.1.3 WP 1.1.2.1 WP 1.1.3.1 WP 1.1.1.1 WP 1.1.2.2 WP 1.1.3.2 WP 1.1.2.3 Recall: WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) WBS TYPE: Component Oriented ABC Project Component 1 Component 1I Component 1II WE 1.1.1 WE 1.1.2 WE 1.1.3 WP 1.1.1.1 WP 1.1.2.1 1.1.3.1 WP 1.1.1.2 WP 1.1.2.2 WP 1.1.1.3 Recall: WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE (WBS) WBS Dictionary WBS Dictionary WE 1.1.1 Contains details of every element of the WBS WP 1.1.1.1 ✓ Work Description ✓ Duration & Dates WP 1.1.1.2 ✓ Cost & Resources ✓ Acceptance Criteria WP 1.1.1.3 Activity STANDARD SYMBOLS USED IN BUILDING AUXILARY SYSTEMS  FDAS S TA N D A R D SYMBOLS  CCTV S TA N D A R D SYMBOLS  BUILDING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ELECTRONIC PLANS  COMPONENTS OF A COMPLETE ELECTRONIC PLANS Site Development Plan Electronic System Lay-out Riser Diagram BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ANCILL ARY SYSTEM BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ANCILL ARY SYSTEM E N G R. C H R I S T I A N S FA J A R D O STRUCTURED CABLING NETWORK  UGLY WIRING STRUCTURED CABLING SYSTEMS Only two types of cabling: – Unshielded twisted pair copper – provides service to individual computers and between network closets – Fiber optic cabling – provides service to buildings and between network closets Everything is run in a star configuration Data cat5e Core Fiber closet Location optic UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLE Run in star configuration from Network Closet location to individual outlets in offices or labs. Run at least two cables to every outlet – (four if you can afford it) Run at least six cables between network closets if the distance is less than 90 meters Question: what type of cable to run? Cat5, cat5e, Cat6, ???  WHAT TYPE OF UTP What speed does each type support? Cable Type Max Speed Max Distance Cost Factor Category 5 100Mbs 100m 1x Category 5e 1000Mbs 100m 1x Category 6 1000Mbs 100m 1.3x Category 6 10,000Mbs 57m 1.3x Category 6a 10,000Mbs 100m 2x Strongly recommend category 5e cabling. UNSHIELDED TWISTED PAIR CABLE Labeling is a key to reduce work later  FIBER OPTIC CABLING Two basic types of fiber Multiple types of multi mode Multiple types of single mode Multi Mode limited to 2km @ 100Mbs 62.5 micron core Optimized for 1310 and 1550 nm operation Single Mode 70km @ virtually unlimited 50 micron core Optimized for WDM operation WHAT TYPE OF FIBER? Multi mode Fiber 62.5 micron 100baseFX for 2km, optical interface cost $250 USD 1000baseSX for 275m, optical interface cost $250 USD 1000baseLX for 500m, optical interface cost $750 USD 10GbaseSR for 33m, optical interface cost $2000 USD 10GbaseLRM for 220m, optical interface cost $1500 USD (not widely avail) 50 micron laser optimized 100baseFX for 2km, optical interface cost $250 USD 1000baseSX for 550m, optical interface cost $250 USD 1000baseLX for 500m, optical interface cost $750 USD 10GbaseSR for 300m, optical interface cost $2000 USD 10GbaseLRM for 220m, optical interface cost $1500 USD (not widely avail) Single mode Fiber 100baseFX not supported 1000baseSX not supported 1000baseLX for 5km (most vendors support 10km), cost $750 USD 1000baseLH (not a standard) 70 km with 1550nm lasers, cost $3000 USD 10GbaseLR for 10km, optical interface cost $3000 USD 10GbaseER for 30-40km, optical interface cost $8500 USD COLOR CODING  Multi mode Fiber 62.5 micron 1Gbs to 500m 10Gbs to 220m 50 micron laser optimized GOING FAST 1Gbs to 500m ON FIBER 10Gbs to 300m Single mode Fiber 1Gbs to 70km 10Gbs to 70km FIBER OPTIC TOPOLOGY Need to install both Multi and Single Mode – Multi mode: either 62.5 or 50 micro is acceptable – Single mode: use fiber optimized for 1310/1550nm Run in star configuration from core network location to individual buildings Also run in star configuration inside of buildings from main phone closet to other closets To reduce costs, can run large fiber cable from core to some remote location, then smaller cables from there to surrounding buildings STAR CONFIGURATION Plan for future -- Install enough fiber – Minimum: 6 multimode plus 6 single mode from core to each building – Minimum: 6 multimode plus 6 single mode from building entrance network closet to every other network closet in the building. Building to be Core served network Nearby buildings location  FIBER OPTIC TOPOLOGY Building 1 Network fiber Core Network Closet 1 Location fiber Network Closet 2 fiber fiber fiber fiber Network Building 2 Closet 3 Building 3 Building 4 fiber Building 5 CONSTRUCTION HINTS 1 2 3 Use outdoor cable Use indoor cabling inside Standardize on Connectors between buildings buildings Multi mode: ST or SC (epoxy or Armored (to protect against tight buffer hot melt) rodents) Single mode: SC or LC (fusion Loose tube Splice factory UPC pigtail) FIBER OPTIC CABLE CONSTRUCTION Fiber has bend radius issues MORE CONSTRUCTION HINTS For cable installed in underground conduit: – No more than 200m between pull points – Reduce distance by 50m for every 90 degrees of bend FIBER OPTIC CABLE CONSTRUCTION Leave slack loops  PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER Building 1 Network fiber cat5e Core Network Closet 1 Location Cat5e + fiber Network Closet 2 Cat5e fiber + fiber fiber fiber Network Building 2 Closet 3 Building 3 cat5e Building 4 fiber Building 5  LAYER 0 SUMMARY Install cabling in star configuration – don’t daisy chain Install cat5e or cat6a – cat6 is a waste of money if the runs are over 57m Install both single and multi mode fiber for runs over 300m ENTERPRISE NETWORKS An Enterprise Networks is an interconnected collection of Local Area Networks (LANs). – Several LANs Hubs, Chassis Hubs, Stackable Hubs, Bridges, (Workgroup) Switches Horizontal cabling – Backbone Core routers and switches Vertical cabling STRUCTURED NETWORKS A Enterprise Network should be – Logically structured Has a layered communication structure: Local access layer, distribution layer, and backbone layer. – Physically structured Topology is a hierarchical tree, with the backbone at the root of the tree. LOGICALLY STRUCTURED NETWORKS Local Access Layer Provides most convenient network access to the users. Distribution Layer Provides policy-based network access to the workgroup. This is where packet manipulation takes place. Backbone Layer Provides high-speed seamless transport of data among the workgroups. ENTERPRISE NETWORK EXAMPLE Token Ring Ethernet Backbone Router Backbone Ethernet Hub Ethernet STRUCTURED BACKBONES Modern organizations have – Large networks – Complex communication requirements Access to mainframe data Internetworking of several LANs Connectivity to a WAN (the Internet) Transmission of data and non-data BACKBONE BASICS Complex requirements mandated the structuring of enterprise-wide information distribution. Such structuring is effectively achieved through a system called Backbone. Structured wiring combined with Backbone solution provide a powerful and efficient networking solution to company-wide communication needs. BACKBONE BASICS (CONTD.) Key Factors in assessing network topologies: – Performance Highest network availability. Lowest latency. Most appropriate connectivity for users. – Scalability Ability to expand the network in terms of end-points and aggregate bandwidth without affecting existing users. BACKBONE BASICS (CONTD.) – Cost of administration: The inherent ease of moves, adds, and changes, plus the capability to efficiently diagnose, remedy, or prevent network outages. Structured Backbone solutions offer – Flexibility – Scalability – Troubleshooting & Manageability – Performance STRUCTURED CABLING Cabling plan should be easy to: – implement, and – accommodates future growth. Two standards have been issued that specify cabling types and layout for structured commercial buildings wiring. A network should follow a cabling plan: – Selection of cable types – Cable layout topology STRUCTURED CABLING STANDARDS EIA/TIA-568: Issued jointly by the Electronic Industries Association and the Telecommunications Industry Assoc. ISO 11801: Issued by the International Organization for Standardization. Both Standards are similar. STRUCTURED CABLING (CONT.) It is a generic wiring scheme with the following characteristics: – Wiring within a commercial building. – Cabling to support all forms of information transfer. – Cable selection and layout is independent of vendor and end-user equipment. – Cable layout designed to encompass distribution to all work areas within the building (relocation wouldn’t need rewiring). STRUCTURED CABLING (CONT.) Based on the use of a hierarchical star-wired cable layout. – External cables terminate at Equipment Room (ER). – Patch panel and cross-connect hardware connect ER to Internal Distribution Cable. – Typically, first level of distribution consists of Backbone cables. – Backbone cable(s) run from ER to Telecom Closets (Wiring Closets) on each floor. STRUCTURED CABLING (CONTD.) – Wiring Closet contains cross-connect equipment for interconnecting cable on a single floor to the Backbone. Cable distributed on a single floor is called Horizontal Cabling, and connects the Backbone to Wall Outlets that service individual telephone and data equipment. STRUCTURED CABLING (CONT.) Based on the use of a hierarchical star-wired cable layout. Telecom. Horizontal Closet Cable Work Backbone Equipment Area Room External Cable STRUCTURED CABLING TERMINOLOGY Backbone A facility between telecommunications closets or floor distribution terminals, the entrance facilities, and the equipment rooms within or between buildings Horizontal Cabling The wiring/cabling between the telecom outlet and the horizontal cross-connect TERMINOLOGY (CONT.) Cross-Connect A facility enabling the termination of cable elements & their interconnection, and/or cross-connection, primarily by means of a patch cord or jumper Equipment Room A centralized space for telecom equip.t that serves the occupants of the building (Bldg/Campus distributor in ISO 11801) TERMINOLOGY (CONT.) Telecommunications Closet: An enclosed space for housing telecom equip.t, cable terminations, and cross-connect cabling; the location for cross-connection between the backbone and horizontal facilities Work Area A building space where the occupants interact with the telecom terminal equip.t TERMINOLOGY (CONT.) Main Cross-Connect A cross-connect between 1st and 2nd level backbone cables, entrance cables, and equipment cables (no ISO name) Intermediate Cross-Connect A cross-connect between 1st and 2nd level backbone cabling (no ISO name) TERMINOLOGY (CONT.) Horizontal Cross-Connect: A cross-connect of horizontal cabling to other cabling, e.g. horizontal, backbone, or equipment (no ISO name) Telecommunications Outlet A connecting device in the work area on which horizontal cable terminates MEDIA RECOMMENDED Telecomm. D Horizontal A Main Outlet Cross-connect Cross-connect C Telecomm. D Horizontal B Intermediate Outlet Cross-connect Cross-connect UNSTRUCTURED BACKBONE -- MAINFRAME........ Terminals. Cluttered and noisy cable risers... Mainframe UNSTRUCTURED BACKBONE -- LAN Each station must be physically connected by a thick coax tapped to the LAN coax, running by all stations. STRUCTURED BACKBONE By using a MUX or similar device, a backbone can be structured. – A single fiber pair replaces mounds of coax cable, and – floor-to-floor traffic is systematically organized. With Structure comes enhanced – network control – reliability, and – efficiency. STRUCTURED BACKBONE (CONTD.) Structured backbone = structured, hierarchical physical star wiring scheme. MUX MUX MUX Mainframe STRUCTURED BACKBONE(CONTD.) The first information backbone emerged in the mid 1980’s. An enterprise backbone is an aggregate data path (a central communication highway) for the transport of all signals to / from users distributed throughout the enterprise. Early backbones were mainly muxes. STRUCTURED BACKBONE(CONTD.) The enterprise network is usually comprised of three main parts: – The horizontal access portion: Connecting individual workstations to wiring closets and most often accomplished via an intelligent cabling Hub. – The Backbone portion: Facilitating floor-to-floor or building-to-building connectivity. STRUCTURED BACKBONE (CONTD.) – The Wide Area Network link Horizontal access Backbone WAN Interface WHEN ARE BACKBONES NEEDED? Companies utilizing Backbone technology have typically one or more of the following communication needs: – Multiple data protocols and signals. – Heavy network traffic to be supported simultaneously. – Multiple work-groups, networks, and facilities that need to be internetworked. – Mission critical applications where high reliability and security are mandatory. WHEN ARE BACKBONES NEEDED? (CONTD.) – Need to support varying media and device types. – A high degree of upgrade-ability, so that existing equipment can be preserved and higher performance hardware and software solutions can be implemented seamlessly. – A high degree of network moves, adds, and changes, requiring that the enterprise network be highly manageable. TYPES OF (PRIVATE) BACKBONES Three broad categories: (1) Multiplexers-based. (2) LAN Backbones. FDDI, Ethernet, Token Ring, etc (3) Collapsed Backbones. High-speed Router, Switches, ATM. BACKBONE TOPOLOGIES Star – Collapsed Backbone – PBX system – Switch-based networks BACKBONE TOPOLOGIES (CONTD.) Ring. – Ex: FDDI. BACKBONE TOPOLOGIES (CONTD.) Hierarchical/Inverse Tree. Higher power at higher levels. BACKBONE TOPOLOGIES (CONTD.) Mesh. Multiple data paths between peer stations. Topology relies on the use of Routers. BACKBONE BENEFITS + Makes complex distributed computing environment easier to manage. + Allows Organizations to easily upgrade the system. + Creates an integrated communication path capable of accommodating the enterprise’s data transfer requirements safely and cost effectively. FIBER OPTICS Many of the Backbone advantages are enabled by the implementation of fiber. Advantages of fiber: + Ability to combine data, voice & video signals over a single fiber pair. + Very large bandwidth: (allows large number of users, is cost effective and space-conservative). + Increased data security & reliability. FIBER IN THE BACKBONE All Backbone solutions are based on the use of fiber because fiber: – Forms the bases for all future Backbone migrations. – Enables network managers to extend the life of their cabling plants. – Enables the network to easily migrate to better technology (network application software or network hardware). APPLICATION / BANDWIDTH High capacity Backbone is a must to support increasing need for bandwidth. Application Bandwidth Digital audio 1.4 Mbps Compressed video (JPEG) 2 - 10 Mbps Document Reprographics 20 -100 Mbps Compressed broadcast-quality TV 20 -100 Mbps High-definition full motion video 1-2 Gbps Chest X-Ray 4 - 40 Mbps Remote query burst 1 Mbps BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ELECTRONICS ANCILL ARY SYSTEM E N G R. C H R I S T I A N S FA J A R D O