Anatomy Test 5 Set 1 PDF

**Section: Reproductive System** **1. What is the primary function of gametes in the reproductive system?**\ A) Provide nutrients for the zygote\ B) Stimulate hormone production\ C) Transmit genetic information to offspring\ D) Facilitate implantation in the uterus\ E) Regulate body temperature\ **...

**Section: Reproductive System** **1. What is the primary function of gametes in the reproductive system?**\ A) Provide nutrients for the zygote\ B) Stimulate hormone production\ C) Transmit genetic information to offspring\ D) Facilitate implantation in the uterus\ E) Regulate body temperature\ **Correct Answer:** C **2. During fertilization, where does the fusion of sperm and oocyte typically occur?**\ A) Cervix\ B) Ampulla of the uterine tube\ C) Endometrium\ D) Vaginal canal\ E) Isthmus of the uterine tube\ **Correct Answer:** B **3. Which structure in the male reproductive system produces testosterone?**\ A) Seminiferous tubules\ B) Leydig cells\ C) Sertoli cells\ D) Prostate gland\ E) Epididymis\ **Correct Answer:** B **4. What is the role of the Sertoli cells?**\ A) Produce testosterone\ B) Nourish and protect developing sperm\ C) Transport sperm from the testes to the vas deferens\ D) Provide structural support to the prostate gland\ E) Regulate semen production\ **Correct Answer:** B **5. What distinguishes meiosis I from meiosis II?**\ A) The production of diploid cells occurs in both\ B) Sister chromatids separate in meiosis I\ C) Homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis I\ D) Meiosis II does not involve cytokinesis\ E) Crossing over occurs in meiosis II\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Female Reproductive System** **6. Where does fertilization usually occur in the female reproductive tract?**\ A) Ovary\ B) Uterine cavity\ C) Ampulla of the uterine tube\ D) Isthmus of the uterine tube\ E) Cervical canal\ **Correct Answer:** C **7. What is the primary function of the corpus luteum?**\ A) Facilitate ovulation\ B) Produce estrogen and progesterone after ovulation\ C) Transport sperm to the uterus\ D) Initiate follicular development\ E) Create the zona pellucida\ **Correct Answer:** B **8. Which hormone is primarily responsible for triggering ovulation?**\ A) Estrogen\ B) Progesterone\ C) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)\ D) Luteinizing hormone (LH)\ E) Oxytocin\ **Correct Answer:** D **9. What is the functional significance of the fimbriae?**\ A) To support the uterus during pregnancy\ B) To transport the ovum to the ampulla\ C) To sweep the oocyte into the uterine tube\ D) To produce hormones required for fertilization\ E) To initiate the development of follicles\ **Correct Answer:** C **10. What type of tissue composes the endometrium?**\ A) Smooth muscle\ B) Stratified squamous epithelium\ C) Simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands\ D) Dense fibrous connective tissue\ E) Cartilaginous tissue\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis** **11. What is the ploidy of a primary spermatocyte?**\ A) Haploid\ B) Diploid\ C) Tetraploid\ D) Monoploid\ E) Polyploid\ **Correct Answer:** B **12. Which process involves the differentiation of spermatids into mature sperm?**\ A) Meiosis I\ B) Spermatogenesis\ C) Meiosis II\ D) Spermiogenesis\ E) Fertilization\ **Correct Answer:** D **13. At what stage does oogenesis arrest until puberty?**\ A) Prophase I\ B) Metaphase I\ C) Anaphase I\ D) Prophase II\ E) Metaphase II\ **Correct Answer:** A **14. What structure forms after the Graafian follicle releases its oocyte?**\ A) Primordial follicle\ B) Corpus luteum\ C) Secondary oocyte\ D) Primary follicle\ E) Blastocyst\ **Correct Answer:** B **15. Which hormone maintains the corpus luteum during early pregnancy?**\ A) LH\ B) FSH\ C) hCG\ D) Estrogen\ E) Progesterone\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Development and Genetics** **16. During which stage of prenatal development do organ systems begin to develop?**\ A) Geminal period\ B) Fetal period\ C) Embryonic period\ D) Neonatal period\ E) Postnatal period\ **Correct Answer:** C **17. Which layer of the embryo develops into the nervous system?**\ A) Ectoderm\ B) Mesoderm\ C) Endoderm\ D) Hypoblast\ E) Trophectoderm\ **Correct Answer:** A **18. What is the primary function of the placenta?**\ A) Protect the fetus from physical injury\ B) Provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus\ C) Produce amniotic fluid\ D) Regulate fetal growth hormones\ E) Stimulate uterine contractions\ **Correct Answer:** B **19. Which event occurs first during fertilization?**\ A) Formation of the male pronucleus\ B) Fusion of sperm and egg membranes\ C) Penetration of the corona radiata\ D) Fusion of pronuclei\ E) Cortical reaction\ **Correct Answer:** C **20. How many chromosomes are present in a zygote?**\ A) 23\ B) 46\ C) 69\ D) 92\ E) 13\ **Correct Answer:** B **\[Continue expanding topics like hormonal control, aging effects, genetics, and other modules in the outline to create more questions as needed.\]** These are some examples of questions covering major topics. Let me know if you\'d like a complete set or a specific section emphasized further. 4o **You said:** continue **ChatGPT said:** ChatGPT **Section: Hormonal Control of Reproduction** **21. Which hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary to release FSH and LH?**\ A) Estrogen\ B) Progesterone\ C) GnRH\ D) Inhibin\ E) Testosterone\ **Correct Answer:** C **22. What is the primary role of FSH in the female reproductive system?**\ A) Trigger ovulation\ B) Maintain the corpus luteum\ C) Stimulate follicular development\ D) Support endometrial thickening\ E) Induce menstruation\ **Correct Answer:** C **23. Which hormone inhibits FSH secretion during the luteal phase?**\ A) Progesterone\ B) LH\ C) Estrogen\ D) hCG\ E) Inhibin\ **Correct Answer:** E **24. What happens during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?**\ A) Follicle develops and matures\ B) LH levels surge, leading to ovulation\ C) Corpus luteum forms and secretes hormones\ D) Endometrial lining is shed\ E) Primary oocyte completes meiosis II\ **Correct Answer:** C **25. Which hormone is critical for milk ejection during lactation?**\ A) Prolactin\ B) Oxytocin\ C) Estrogen\ D) Progesterone\ E) hCG\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Male Reproductive Anatomy** **26. Which muscle helps regulate the temperature of the testes?**\ A) Cremaster muscle\ B) Dartos muscle\ C) Tunica albuginea\ D) Seminal vesicle\ E) Vas deferens\ **Correct Answer:** B **27. What is the role of the epididymis?**\ A) Produce testosterone\ B) Store and mature sperm\ C) Transport sperm to the ejaculatory duct\ D) Secrete alkaline fluid into semen\ E) Trigger peristalsis during ejaculation\ **Correct Answer:** B **28. Which structure connects the testes to the abdominal cavity?**\ A) Epididymis\ B) Seminiferous tubules\ C) Vas deferens\ D) Ejaculatory duct\ E) Urethra\ **Correct Answer:** C **29. What fluid does the prostate gland contribute to semen?**\ A) Mucus-like fluid to lubricate the urethra\ B) Alkaline fluid rich in fructose\ C) Slightly acidic fluid with enzymes like PSA\ D) Hormones to enhance motility\ E) Fibrinogen-rich fluid\ **Correct Answer:** C **30. Which part of the urethra runs through the penis?**\ A) Prostatic urethra\ B) Membranous urethra\ C) Spongy (penile) urethra\ D) Vas deferens\ E) Ejaculatory duct\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Female Reproductive Anatomy** **31. Where does implantation typically occur?**\ A) Ampulla of the uterine tube\ B) Cervical canal\ C) Endometrium of the uterus\ D) Ovary\ E) Myometrium of the uterus\ **Correct Answer:** C **32. Which uterine layer sheds during menstruation?**\ A) Myometrium\ B) Endometrial functional layer\ C) Endometrial basal layer\ D) Perimetrium\ E) Tunica albuginea\ **Correct Answer:** B **33. What is the primary function of the uterine tubes?**\ A) Provide nutrients to the zygote\ B) Transport oocytes to the uterus\ C) Produce hormones like estrogen\ D) Protect the ovum during development\ E) Prevent polyspermy during fertilization\ **Correct Answer:** B **34. What are the primary components of the mammary glands?**\ A) Seminiferous tubules and lobes\ B) Lobules with alveoli and lactiferous ducts\ C) Follicles and corpus luteum\ D) Glands and ciliated epithelium\ E) Fibrous connective tissue and seminiferous cells\ **Correct Answer:** B **35. What ligament supports the uterus in place?**\ A) Broad ligament\ B) Dartos ligament\ C) Spermatogonia ligament\ D) Inguinal ligament\ E) Round ligament\ **Correct Answer:** E **Section: Fertilization and Early Development** **36. What prevents polyspermy during fertilization?**\ A) Increased sperm motility\ B) Cortical reaction and zona pellucida changes\ C) Increased acrosome enzyme activity\ D) Secretion of progesterone by the corpus luteum\ E) Formation of the blastocyst\ **Correct Answer:** B **37. At which stage does the zygote become a blastocyst?**\ A) Day 2\ B) Day 3\ C) Day 5\ D) Day 7\ E) Day 10\ **Correct Answer:** C **38. What structure in the blastocyst becomes the embryo?**\ A) Zona pellucida\ B) Trophoblast\ C) Inner cell mass\ D) Morula\ E) Cytotrophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** C **39. Which term describes the hollow ball of cells formed after the morula?**\ A) Blastomere\ B) Blastocyst\ C) Gastrula\ D) Zygote\ E) Trophoblast\ **Correct Answer:** B **40. What happens during gastrulation?**\ A) Formation of the primitive streak and three germ layers\ B) Cleavage of the zygote into blastomeres\ C) Development of the neural crest cells\ D) Implantation of the embryo into the uterus\ E) Differentiation of somites into the notochord\ **Correct Answer:** A **Section: Genetics** **41. What is the probability of two heterozygous parents producing a homozygous dominant offspring?**\ A) 0%\ B) 25%\ C) 50%\ D) 75%\ E) 100%\ **Correct Answer:** B **42. Which type of inheritance involves a single trait determined by multiple genes?**\ A) Codominance\ B) Polygenic\ C) Incomplete dominance\ D) Mendelian dominance\ E) X-linked\ **Correct Answer:** B **43. Which genetic condition is associated with X-linked inheritance?**\ A) Sickle cell anemia\ B) Cystic fibrosis\ C) Hemophilia A\ D) Tay-Sachs disease\ E) Huntington's disease\ **Correct Answer:** C **44. What does a karyotype show?**\ A) The sequence of a gene\ B) Chromosomal abnormalities and structure\ C) Protein expression patterns\ D) Mitochondrial DNA mutations\ E) Hormone levels\ **Correct Answer:** B **45. Which type of allele requires two copies for its expression?**\ A) Dominant\ B) Recessive\ C) X-linked\ D) Y-linked\ E) Codominant\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Pregnancy and Lactation** **46. What triggers the release of oxytocin during labor?**\ A) Increase in progesterone\ B) Fetal adrenal gland secretion\ C) Stretching of the uterus\ D) Increased estrogen production\ E) Elevated hCG levels\ **Correct Answer:** C **47. What is the role of prolactin during lactation?**\ A) Stimulates milk ejection\ B) Stimulates milk production\ C) Inhibits oxytocin release\ D) Prepares the uterus for implantation\ E) Suppresses ovulation\ **Correct Answer:** B **48. What is the significance of the Apgar score?**\ A) Evaluates maternal hormone levels\ B) Assesses fetal development during pregnancy\ C) Measures the newborn\'s health after birth\ D) Determines the viability of embryos during IVF\ E) Predicts genetic abnormalities\ **Correct Answer:** C **49. Which hormone is highest during the first trimester of pregnancy?**\ A) Progesterone\ B) Estrogen\ C) hCG\ D) LH\ E) FSH\ **Correct Answer:** C **50. What is the function of the umbilical cord?**\ A) Provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus\ B) Maintain maternal blood flow\ C) Protect the embryo from physical harm\ D) Stimulate uterine contractions during labor\ E) Regulate amniotic fluid levels\ **Correct Answer:** A Let me know if you\'d like the final 20 questions to further expand any specific sections. 4o **You said:** finish **ChatGPT said:** ChatGPT **Section: Pregnancy, Development, and Aging** **51. What structure forms from the trophoblast and aids in implantation?**\ A) Inner cell mass\ B) Cytotrophoblast\ C) Syncytiotrophoblast\ D) Chorion\ E) Amnion\ **Correct Answer:** C **52. What hormone is secreted by the placenta to maintain the endometrial lining?**\ A) LH\ B) FSH\ C) Progesterone\ D) Oxytocin\ E) GnRH\ **Correct Answer:** C **53. What occurs during the fetal period of development?**\ A) Formation of germ layers\ B) Growth and functional maturation of organ systems\ C) Implantation into the uterine wall\ D) Cleavage of the zygote\ E) Differentiation into the morula\ **Correct Answer:** B **54. What is the function of the amniotic fluid?**\ A) Transport nutrients to the fetus\ B) Protect the fetus from mechanical injury\ C) Facilitate implantation\ D) Stimulate labor contractions\ E) Maintain blood pressure in the fetus\ **Correct Answer:** B **55. Which hormone increases uterine excitability at the onset of labor?**\ A) Estrogen\ B) Progesterone\ C) Prolactin\ D) Testosterone\ E) Inhibin\ **Correct Answer:** A **Section: Labor and Newborn** **56. What is the first stage of labor?**\ A) Expulsion of the placenta\ B) Cervical dilation\ C) Delivery of the fetus\ D) Uterine involution\ E) Oxytocin release\ **Correct Answer:** B **57. What is assessed by the \"Grimace\" component of the Apgar score?**\ A) Muscle tone\ B) Reflex irritability\ C) Skin color\ D) Pulse rate\ E) Respiratory effort\ **Correct Answer:** B **58. Which fetal structure closes to separate the pulmonary and systemic circulation after birth?**\ A) Umbilical artery\ B) Ductus arteriosus\ C) Umbilical vein\ D) Foramen ovale\ E) Chorionic villus\ **Correct Answer:** D **59. What is the primary role of lanugo on a developing fetus?**\ A) Promote thermoregulation\ B) Protect the skin in utero\ C) Facilitate implantation\ D) Provide a surface for hormone attachment\ E) Aid in respiratory function\ **Correct Answer:** B **60. What initiates the production of meconium in a newborn?**\ A) Introduction of solid food\ B) Secretion of bile\ C) Digestion of amniotic fluid and cells\ D) Activation of the liver\'s adult functions\ E) Increase in blood pressure post-birth\ **Correct Answer:** C **Section: Genetics and Inheritance** **61. Which type of inheritance results in a blended phenotype?**\ A) Codominance\ B) Incomplete dominance\ C) Mendelian dominance\ D) Polygenic inheritance\ E) X-linked inheritance\ **Correct Answer:** B **62. What is the genotype for a heterozygous individual with a dominant and recessive allele?**\ A) AA\ B) aa\ C) Aa\ D) BB\ E) bb\ **Correct Answer:** C **63. What is the probability of a male inheriting an X-linked trait from a carrier mother?**\ A) 0%\ B) 25%\ C) 50%\ D) 75%\ E) 100%\ **Correct Answer:** C **64. What determines the sex of a human embryo?**\ A) X chromosome contributed by the mother\ B) X chromosome contributed by the father\ C) Y chromosome contributed by the father\ D) Number of autosomes present\ E) Amount of testosterone produced\ **Correct Answer:** C **65. What does codominance mean in genetics?**\ A) Both alleles are incompletely expressed\ B) Both alleles are equally and fully expressed\ C) One allele completely masks the other\ D) Both alleles fail to express any trait\ E) Multiple alleles contribute to the phenotype\ **Correct Answer:** B **Section: Aging and Hormonal Changes** **66. What is a common physical change in males due to aging?**\ A) Decrease in sperm production\ B) Increase in testosterone levels\ C) Decrease in prostate gland size\ D) Increase in seminiferous tubule number\ E) Development of new Leydig cells\ **Correct Answer:** A **67. What happens to the uterine size after menopause?**\ A) Increases slightly\ B) Remains the same\ C) Decreases by 50% within 15 years\ D) Becomes more muscular\ E) Expands with age\ **Correct Answer:** C **68. What causes hot flashes during menopause?**\ A) Sudden increase in estrogen levels\ B) Reduction in progesterone levels\ C) Decline in hypothalamic sensitivity to hormones\ D) Fluctuation in LH and FSH secretion\ E) Increase in androgen production\ **Correct Answer:** D **69. Which tissue is affected most by reduced elasticity in aging?**\ A) Cardiac muscle\ B) Adipose tissue\ C) Connective tissue\ D) Neural tissue\ E) Glandular tissue\ **Correct Answer:** C **70. What is a significant risk factor for developing osteoporosis in aging women?**\ A) Reduced levels of testosterone\ B) Increased physical activity\ C) Decreased levels of estrogen\ D) Excess calcium intake\ E) Increased blood circulation\ **Correct Answer:** C