Anatomy of the Salivary Glands PDF
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London South Bank University
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Summary
This document provides a comprehensive overview of the anatomy and functions of the major salivary glands. It includes details on their location, associated ducts, types of saliva produced, innervation, and potential diseases. The document also touches on the structure of a salivary gland at the histological level.
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**[Anatomy of the Salivary Glands ]** **[Learning outcomes ]** **1. List the major salivary glands and their basic functions.** - **Answer:** - **Parotid Gland**: Largest salivary gland, produces 100% serous saliva (watery, enzyme-rich), contributing to 25% of total saliv...
**[Anatomy of the Salivary Glands ]** **[Learning outcomes ]** **1. List the major salivary glands and their basic functions.** - **Answer:** - **Parotid Gland**: Largest salivary gland, produces 100% serous saliva (watery, enzyme-rich), contributing to 25% of total saliva volume. - **Submandibular Gland**: Produces mixed saliva (serous and mucous), contributing to 60-65% of total saliva volume. - **Sublingual Gland**: Smallest of the major glands, produces predominantly mucous saliva (5-10% of total saliva volume)(Salivary Glands). **2. Describe each salivary gland's positioning, associated duct, saliva production, and innervation.** - **Answer:** - **Parotid Gland**: - **Position**: Below the external auditory meatus, between the mastoid process and the mandible. - **Duct**: Stensen's duct opens near the maxillary second molar. - **Saliva**: 100% serous, watery saliva. - **Innervation**: Autonomic via glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX), sensory via auriculotemporal nerve(Salivary Glands). - **Submandibular Gland**: - **Position**: Submandibular fossa, below the mandible. - **Duct**: Wharton's duct opens at the sublingual caruncle, near the lingual frenulum. - **Saliva**: Mixed (serous and mucous). - **Innervation**: Chorda tympani (branch of CN VII) for autonomic, and lingual nerve for sensory(Salivary Glands). - **Sublingual Gland**: - **Position**: Floor of the mouth, under the tongue. - **Duct**: Bartholin's duct and Rivinus ducts open along the sublingual fold. - **Saliva**: Predominantly mucous saliva. - **Innervation**: Same as submandibular, chorda tympani (CN VII) and lingual nerve(Salivary Glands). **3. Describe the histological structure of a salivary gland.** - **Answer:** - **Epithelium**: Lines the ducts and produces saliva. - **Connective Tissue**: Divided into capsule (outer covering) and septa (internal divisions into lobes and lobules). Provides support, blood supply, and innervation. - **Adenomeres**: Functional units of the gland, containing secretory acini (serous, mucous, or mixed). - **Acini Types**: - **Serous Acini**: Secrete watery, enzyme-rich saliva. - **Mucous Acini**: Secrete thick mucous saliva. - **Mixed Acini**: Contain both serous and mucous cells(Salivary Glands). **4. Outline the disorders that may affect salivary glands.** - **Answer:** - **Hyposalivation (Xerostomia)**: Dry mouth caused by medications, radiotherapy, autoimmune diseases (e.g., Sjögren\'s syndrome), or dehydration. - **Obstructions (Sialolithiasis)**: Salivary stones blocking ducts, causing swelling and pain during meals. - **Radiotherapy Effects**: Damage to salivary glands leads to xerostomia. - **Infections**: *Mumps* causes painful parotid swelling; *nicotine stomatitis* affects minor salivary glands due to heat from smoking. - **Sialosis**: Non-inflammatory swelling of the parotid glands, associated with systemic conditions like diabetes or liver disease. - **Tumors (Neoplasms)**: Benign (e.g., pleomorphic adenoma) or malignant (e.g., salivary gland carcinoma) growths(Salivary Glands). Salivary Gland Infections
