Anatomy and Physiology PDF
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Summary
This document provides an overview of the study of anatomy and physiology, focusing on the human organism. It covers developmental anatomy, embryology, cytology, histology, gross anatomy, systemic anatomy, surface anatomy, anatomical anomalies, and physiology, including cell physiology, systemic physiology, neurophysiology, and cardiovascular physiology. It also highlights the interconnected nature of anatomy and physiology, and the study of pathology and exercise physiology.
Full Transcript
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 1: THE HUMAN ORGANISM 1.1 ANATOMY – scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures (ex. The shape and size of bones) DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY – studies the structural changes occur between conception and adulthood o EMBRYOLOGY – c...
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY CHAPTER 1: THE HUMAN ORGANISM 1.1 ANATOMY – scientific discipline that investigates the body’s structures (ex. The shape and size of bones) DEVELOPMENTAL ANATOMY – studies the structural changes occur between conception and adulthood o EMBRYOLOGY – changes from conception to the end of the eight week of development CYTOLOGY – examines the structural feature of cells HISTOLOGY – examines tissues, which are composed of cells and the materials surrounding them GROSS ANATOMY – study of structures that can be examined without the aid of microscope, can be approached either systemically or regionally o REGIONAL ANATOMY – study area by area o SYSTEMIC ANATOMY – study system by system SURFACE ANATOMY – looking at the exterior of the body to visualize structures deeper inside the body ANATOMICAL ANOMALIES – physical characteristics that differ from the normal pattern PHYSIOLOGY – science of the normal function of living systems ▪ Studying human physiology are to understand and predict the body’s responses to stimuli and to understand how the body maintains conditions within a narrow range of values in a constantly changing environment. ▪ PHYSIOLOGY often examines systems rather than regions because a particular function can involve portions of a system in more than one region. o CELL PHYSIOLOGY – examines the processes occurring in cells o SYSTEMUC PHYSIOLOGY – considers the function of organ systems o NEUROPHYSIOLOGY – focuses on nervous system o CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY – deals with the heart and blood vessels Studies of the human body must encompass both anatomy and physiology because structures, functions, and processes are interwoven. PATHOLOGY – the structural and functional changes resulting from disease EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY – focuses on the changes in function and structure caused by exercise
