Histology of Tissues PDF

Tissue Function Location 1. Blood (Vascular Blood cells surrounded by Tissue) fluid matrix known as blood plasma Soluble fibers...

Tissue Function Location 1. Blood (Vascular Blood cells surrounded by Tissue) fluid matrix known as blood plasma Soluble fibers are visible only during clotting Functions as the transport vehicle for the cardiovascular system, Blood Vessels carrying: ○ Nutrients ○ Wastes ○ Respiratory cells Locate and identify the RBC,WBC, Platelets 2. Areolar connective Most widely distributed tissue connective tissue Soft, pliable tissue like “cowebs” Functions as a universal packing tissue and “glue” to hold organs in place Layer of areolar tissue called lamina propria Directly beneath the Epidermis underlies all membranes of the skin All fiber types form a loose network Can soak up excess fluid (causes edema) Take note of the the size and appearance of the matrix/ground substance and the arrangement of elastic and collagen fibers 3. Reticular connective Delicate network of tissue interwoven fibers with reticular cells (like fibroblasts) Function: forms stroma (internal framework) of organs, structural support Lymph nodes Spleen Bone Marrow Take note of appearance and arrangement of reticlar fibers 4. Bone (Osseous Tissue) Composed of: ○ Osteocytes (bone cells) sitting in lacunae (cavities) ○ Hard matrix of calcium salts ○ Large number of collagen fibers Functions to protect and All bones in the body support the body Locate and identify lacunae, lamellae, and canaliculi 5. Nervous Tissue Function is to receive and conduct electrochemical impulses to and from body parts ○ Irritability ○ Conductivity Composed of neurons and Brain nerve support cells ○ Support cells called Spinal Cord neuroglia insulate, protect, and Nerves support neurons 6. Muscle Tissue (Cardiac Cells are short, branched Muscle) and striated usually with single nucleus Cells are interconnected by intercalated disc Function ○ Circulation of blood ○ Maintain blood Heart pressure Locate and identify the intercalated disc in the specimen. 7. Adipose connective An areolar tissue in which tissue adipose (fat) cells dominate Functions: ○ Insulates the body Subcutaneous tissue beneath ○ Protects some the skin organs ○ Serves as a site of Protects organs such as fuel storage kidneys Locate and identify the Fat “deposists” include hips, adipocytes, stored lipids, and the breats, and belly nucleus 8. Hyaline Cartilage Most widespread type of cartilage Abundant collagen fibers are hidden by a glassy matrix Function: Trachea ○ helps your bones move smoothly Attaced ribs to the breastbone past each other in your joints Covers end of long bones Take note of the the size and Entire fetal skeleton before birth appearance of the matrix/ground substance and the lacunae Epiphyseal (growth) plates in containing chondrocytes long bones (isogenous groups) 9. Fibrocartilage Highly compressible Function ○ act as a cushion within joints, where it helps manage compression forces and reduces stress placed on joints. Take note of the the size and Forms cushion like discs appearance of the matrix/ground between vertebrae of the spinal substance, the lacunae containing column condrocytes, and the arrangement of elastic fibers 10. Dense connective Main matrix element is tissue (dense fibrous collagen fiber tissue) Fibroblasts are cells that make fibers Function ○ Bind body parts together ○ Irregular: provides Tendons - attach skeletal strength, making muscle to bone the skin resistant to tearing by Ligaments - attach bone to bone stretching forces at joints and are more elastic from different than tendons directions ○ Regular: attaches Dermis - lower layers of the skin muscles to bones or to muscles, attaches bones to bones, and withstands great tensile strength 11. Elastic Cartilage Provides elasticity Most flexible Fuction ○ supports parts of your body that need to bend and move to function Take note of the the size and appearance of the matrix/ground substance, and the lacunae containing chondrocytes, and the arrangement of collagen fibers Supports the external ear 12. Simple squamous Single layer of flattened epithelium calles with disc shape nuclei Function: allows passage of materials by filtration and diffusion Kidney glomeruli Locate nucleus and the cytoplasm Alveoli Heart lining Serosa 13. Simple cuboidal Single layer of cube shape epithelium cell with large spherical nuclei Function: secretion and absorption Observe specimen. Does it Kidney tubule contain cilia or keratin? Ducts Ovary surface 14. Simple columnar Single layer of cell that are epithelium taller than they are wide With round to oval nuclei Some may be bear cilia = simple columnar epithelium ciliated type propels mucus Non ciliated type - stomach to Function anal canal ○ Secretion of mucus, ciliated type Ciliated type - bronchi, uterine propels mucus tube 15. Pseudostratified Single layer of columnar columnar epithelium cell differing in height, may contain goblet cell and bear cilia Function ○ Secretion of mucus Non ciliated type - male’s sperm ○ Propulsion of carrying ducts and large glands mucus by ciliary action Ciliated type - trachea,bronchi most of the upper respiratory Identify location of specimen tract Locate nucleus and cilia 16. Stratified squamous Thick membrane of several epithelium layers of cell, basal cells (Keratinized) are cubodial or columnar, surface cells are flattened cells Function ○ waterproof and reduce evaporation from underlying tissues ○ constitute an important part of the epidermis or external skin Keratinized Type - skin Non keratinzed - vagina, 17. Stratified squamous Thick membrane of several esophagus, mouth epithelium (Non layers of cell, basal cells keratinized) are cubodial or columnar, surface cells are flattened cells Function: ○ provide protection and serve as a lining or covering for moist internal cavities of the body 18. Transitional Epithelium Resembles both stratified and stratified cubodial; basal cell cubodial or columnar depending on degree or stretch organ Function ○ Stretched and Lines the ureters permits distension of urinary organ by Bladder contained urine Part of the Urethra Can you identify the location of your specimen? What is the shape of the cell? 19. Muscle Tissue (skeletal Long and cylindrical, tissue) stritated and multinucleated Function ○ Moves or stabilizes the position of the skeleton ○ guards entrance or exit to the digestive Flesh of the body tract ○ generates hear and protect internal organ Can you recall why the skeletal muscle have visible striations? Shape of cell? 20. Muscle Tisse (smooth Cells are short, spindle, muscle) and non-striated with a single central nuclei Function ○ Moves food, urine, and reproductive tract secretion Walls of blood vessels ○ controls diameter of respiratory Digestive, respiratory, urinary passageways and reproductive organ ○ Regulate diameter of blood vessels Shape of cell? Can you classify the specimen as to the number of nucleus?