Anatomy Lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues PDF

Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum 1. Histology the study of the micro- scopic structure of tis-...

Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum 1. Histology the study of the micro- scopic structure of tis- sues 2. Two components of tissues cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) 3. extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounds and supports the cell, provides main- tenance 4. ECM is produced by _________ and influences cells; cells _________ 5. Two effects of slide preparation on tissue/cell 1. cause shrinkage (arti- ficial spaces) 2. Distort tissue (arti- facts, folding) 6. Slides create interpretation of __3D/2D__ in interpretation of 3D in __3D/2D__ sections 2D sections 7. True/False: It is possible to differentially stain all False, only one compo- tissue components on one slide nent on one slide 8. What 2 areas are the Nucleolus found Cerebellum and Liver Slides 9. Prophase (2 main parts) Prepare 1. Chromatin coils into Chromosomes becom- ing visible 2. nuclear envelope dis- solves 10. Metaphase (2 main parts) Meet 1. Chromosomes line up equatorial plate 2. Form mitotic spindle 1/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum 11. Anaphase (1 main part) Apart 1. sister chromatids pull apart toward cen- tromeres 12. Telophase (2 main parts) Two 1. revert to uncon- densed state and spin- dles break 2. equators pinches causing cleavage furrow 13. Interphase can be differentiated from Prophase Nuclear Envelope by the presence of a __________ _____________ 14. Epithelial tissue covers and lines _______ and Organs and Body Cavi- _________ ties 15. 4 functions of epithelial tissue 1. protection 2. permeability 3. sensation 4. secretion 16. where can you find epithelia covers body surfaces, lines cavities, lines tubu- lar structures 17. the pancreas contains glands made up of Epithelia _______________ 18. Characteristics of epithelial tissue (5) 1. cellularity (little ECM) 2. polarity 3. attachment 4. avascularity 5. HIGHLY regeneration 19. Two poles of epithelial tissue 1. Apical pole - Free sur- face 2. Basal Pole - Base- ment membrane 2/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum 20. Two epithelium spealizations 1. Microvilli 2. Cillia 21. Microvilli Characteristics (4) 1. brush or striated bor- der of plasma mem- brane epithelium 2. increase surface area 3. aid in absorbtion (se- lective perm.) 4. exist on every moist epithelia 22. Cillia shape and function 1. Long and highly motile 2. Movement via ATP 23. Cillia are (Larger/Smaller) than Microvilli and Larger, Respiratory found in the _____________ system 24. Epithelium types (3) squamous, cuboidal, columnar 25. One layer of epithelial cells is ___________ , Multi simple, stratified layers of epithelium cells is ______________. 26. simple squamous epithelium are _______ flattened (squashed) , in shape and allow rapid movement of gasses, diffusion, osmo- _______ across cell barrier via _________ , sis, and filtration _____________ , and _______________. 27. simple squamous epithelium can be found in 1. Respiratory system what two systems? 2. Cardiovascular sys- tem 28. simple cuboidal epithelium are _______ in shape cubed, liquids (larger and allow movement of _______ across cell bar- material) rier 29. 3/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum simple cuboidal epithelium can be found in what 1. Urinary system two systems? 2. Endocrine system 30. simple columnar epithelium have a ___________ column, elongated shape and their nuclei are ____________ 31. simple columnar epithelium aid in 1. Absorption and Se- _____________ and ____________ using cretion __________ cells and a border of _________ 2. Goblet 3. Microvilli 32. simple columnar epithelium can be found in what 1. Digestive three systems? 2. Respiratory 3. Reproductive 33. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium are Puzzle like (one layer) , _______ in shape and allow movement of fluid/material _______/________ across cell barrier 34. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium aid in 1. Absorbtion and Se- _____________ and ____________ using a bor- cretion der of _________ 2. Cillia 35. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium can be Respiratory tract (nasal found in what tract? cavity, trachea, bronchi) 36. stratified squamous epithelium are _______ in 1. flattened (squashed) shape and exist on the _________ ___________ 2. Free Surface with multiple layers underneath 37. what is the role of stratified squamous epitheli- Protection for underly- um? ing tissue 38. stratified squamous epithelium an be found 1. Epidermis (skin) where? (3 places) 2. Digestive system 3. Oral cavity 39. transitional epithelium are _______ in shape and bubbles, multiple have __________ layers underneath 4/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum 40. Transitional epithelium have the ability to 1. Distend and Relax __________ and ________ to accommodate liq- 2. Increasing uids, therefore, ____________ surface area 41. Traditional epithelium are located in what sys- Urinary system tem? 42. 3 parts of glands 1. Duct 2. Secretory Portion 3. Stroma (framework of CT) 43. exocrine glands have ______ that secrete mate- ducts, the surface rials connected to _______________ 44. endocrine glands use the _______________ cardiovascular, blood or system to move secreted materials into the body _________ or _________ 45. multicellular exocrine glands (3) 1. pancreas 2. mammary gland 3. salivary gland 46. unicellular exocrine glands (2) and are located 1. mucous cells (close/far) from the surface 2. goblet cells 3. close 47. two types of exocrine secretion 1. serous 2. mucous 48. serous fluids composition is _________ and the 1. thin, watery body fluid stain is (dark/light) (sweat, milk, tears) 2. Dark 49. mucous fluid omposition is _________ and the 1. mucin and water (mu- stain is (dark/light) cus) 3. light 50. seromucous mix of mucous and serous 5/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum 51. 3 types of secretory methods 1. Merocrine 2. Holocrine 3. Apocrine 52. merocrine secretion product is released from secretory vesicles by exocytosis, no damage to cell 53. holocrine secretion cells with product rup- ture, damage to cell 54. apocrine secretion product accumulates in apical portion of cell cy- toplasm which decapi- tates 55. Six functions of Connective tissues 1. Protect 2. Support 3. Bind 4. Store 5. Transport 6. Immunity 56. 3 components of Connective tissue cells, protein fibers, ground substance 57. 3 types of protein fibers found in connective tis- collagen fibers, elastic sue fibers, reticular fibers 58. 3 types of connective tissue fibrous, supportive, fluid 59. Fibroblast cells large, most abundant synthesize extracellular fibers and ground sub- stance 60. adipocytes storage of fat 6/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum 61. mesenchymal cells Embryonic stem cells used for healing 62. 3 types of immune cells in connective tissues 1. macrophage - de- fense 2. mast cells - response, healing 3. leukocytes - defense, WBC 63. areolar connective tissue arrangement and cell loose, diverse, watery makeup ECM contains fibroblasts and immune cells 64. areolar connective tissue function 1. wraps and cushions organs 2. macrophages phago- cytize bacteria 3. role in inflammation 4. holds and conveys tis- sue fluid 65. True/False: Areolar connective tissue contains True all 3 protein fiber types, making it flexible and areolar CT contains elastic elastic, reticular, and collagen fibers 66. 3 types of loose connective tissue AAR 1. Areolar 2. Adipose 3. Reticular 67. 3 types of dense connective tissue 1. dense regular 2. dense irregular 3. elastic 68. adipose connective tissue structure and func- 1. very little ECM, bub- tion ble like, outer nucleus 2. provides insulation for 7/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum the body, energy stor- age 69. adipose connective tissue contain what type of adipocytes cell? 70. reticular connective tissue Connective tissue that contains reticular fibers and cells; used to make the framework of major organs 71. dense regular connective tissue function and lo- Function: tight & dense, cation limited stretch in one di- rection Location: tendons, liga- ments, fascia 72. 1 cell of dense regular AND dense irregular ct: 1. fibroblast 1 fiber of dense regular AND dense irregular ct: 2. collagen fibers 73. dense irregular connective tissue function and Function: irregular ar- location ray, withstand tension exerted in many direc- tions, provides structur- al strength Location: fibrous cap- sules of organs and joints; dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract 74. elastic connective tissue function and location Function: allows re- coil of tissue follow- ing stretching; maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries; aids passive recoil of lungs 8/9  Anatomy lecture 1: Basic Histology and Tissues Study online at https://quizlet.com/_fg9dum following inspiration Location: walls of large arteries; verte- bral column ligaments, bronchial tubes 75. what protein fiber makes up elastic CT? elastic fibers 9/9