American English File 3 PDF

‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ SECOND EDITION OXFORD www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ American ENGLISH FILE Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden ff> '...

‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ SECOND EDITION OXFORD www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ American ENGLISH FILE Christina Latham-Koenig Clive Oxenden ff> ' irLanguage u4-l' ' u4j >" 1.5gS9,14 o...c9A':"' 0-!'..:...WI l) J 4 "'-! JDb 9 >!.::.Jg..,o "'-!.)k JD g.:...WI..;tuol g c ·u li..ituo 0T jl ISJl.)J-! OXFORD..)Alp www.ircambridge.com Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden are the original co-authors of English File l and English File 2 UNIVERSITY PRESS  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation 4 A Mood food simple present and continuous, action food and cooking vowel sounds and nonaction verbs 8 B Family life future forms: present continuous, family, adjectives of sentence stress, word stress, adjective endings ft going to, will/ won't personality each other 12 94 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 1 Meeting the parents 14 A Spend or save? present perfect and simple past money the letter o 18 B Changing lives present perfect+ for I since, strong adjectives: exhausted, sentence stress, stress present perfect continuous amazed, etc. on strong adjectives 22 REVEW a CHECK 1&2 IN On the street; Short movies Goodwill lndustnes 24 A Race across Miami comparatives and superlatives transportation /J/, Id:,!, and /tJ/, linking 28 B Stereotypes - or are they? articles: a/ an, the, no article collocation: verbs I !;ii, sentence stress, ,o adjectives+ prepositions or /Oil? 32 94 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 2 A difficult celebrity -ed I -ing adjectives ft reflexive pronouns 34 A Failure and success can, could, be able to &entence stress 38 B Modern manners? modals of obligation: must, have to, phone language silent consonants, linking ft should should have 42 REVEW a CHECK 3&4 94 On the street: Short movies Citi bikes 44 A Sports superstitions past tenses: simple, continuous, sports /or/ and /;,r/ perfect 48 B Love at Exit 19 usually and used to relationships linking, the letter s 52 94 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 3 Old friends 2 www.ircambridge.com -----  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation 54 A Shot on location passives (all tenses) movies sentence stress 58 B Judging by appearances modals of deduction: might, can't, the body diphthongs must 62 REVIEW & CHECK 5&6 1114 On the street; Short movies Iconic movie locations 64 A Extraordinary school for first conditional and future time education the letter u boys clauses + when, until, etc. jflJmake and let 68 B Ideal home second conditional houses sentence stress 72 11114 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 4 Soys' night out 74 A Sell and tell reported speech: sentences and shopping, making nouns from the letters ai questions verbs 78 B What's the right job for you? gerunds and infinitives work word stress 82 REVEW a CHECK 7&8 94 On the s-treet; Short movies Trinity College, Dublin 84 A Lucky encounters third conditional making adjectives and adverbs sentence stress 88 B Too much information! quantifiers electronic devices, phrasal verbs ough and augh, linking jflJ separable phrasal verbs 92 11114 PRACTICAL ENGLISH Episode 5 Unexpected events 94 A Modern icons relative clauses: defining and compound nouns word stress nondefining 98 B Two crime stories tag questions crime intonation in tag questions 102 REVEW a CHECK 98.10 IM On the street; Short movies Brooklyn Bridge 104 Communication 132 Grammar Bank 165 Irregular verbs 113 Writing 152 Vocabulary Bank 166 Sound Bank 122 Listening 3 www.ircambridge.com  G simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs V food and cooking P vowel sounds ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ Yes, but I'm trying to cut down right now. 1 VOCABULARY food and cooking 3 LISTENING & SPEAKING a Take the quiz in pairs. FOOD & EATING 1 Is there any food or drink that you couldn't live without? How often do you eat/ drink it? 2 Do you ever have ONE red fruit. ONE yellow fruit, ONE green fruit a ready-made food? TWO kinds of food that some people are allergic to THREE kinds of food that come from milk b take-out food? What kind? FOUR vegetables that you can put in a salad 3 What's your favorite FIVE containers that you can buy food in a fruit? BIX things that people sometimes have for breakfast b vegetable? Are there any that you really don't like? > p.152 Vocabulary Bank Food and cooking. 4 When you eat out do you usually order meat, fish, or vegetarian? b 5 Wh t food do you usually eat c 4>)) Listen to these common adjectives to describe a when you're feeling a little down? food. Do you know what they mean? Then say one kind of food that we often use with each adjective. b before playing sports or exercising? canned fresh f[Qzen low-@! raw fil2!cy -out c before you have an exam or some important work to do? 2 PRONUNCIATION vowel sounds a 6>)) Listen to five people talking. Each a Look at the eight sound pictures. What are the words and sounds? person is answering one of the questions in i Food & EatinB above. Match each speaker I squid chicken sausage roast with a question. spicy grilled 5 :., chocolate box W D 'Iii;·,· Spealcer A Speaker D 2cp O Spealcer B O Speaker E O beef steamed 6 force fork SpealcerC beans breakfast boiled pour 3 grapes sal mon lamb cabbage 7 ·ti cook sugar pudding food b Listen again and make notes about their answers. Compare with a partner. margarine carton c Ask and answer the questions with a partner. 44r spoon zucchini 8d! jar warm fruit duck What do you have in common? b Look at the words in each list. Cross out the word that doesn't have the sound in the sound picture. c 1 5>)) Listen and check. d > p.166 Sound Bank. Look at the typical t- spellings of the sounds in a. www.ircambridge.com  4 READING ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ a Are the foods in the list carbohydrates or proteins? With a partner, think of four more kinds of food for each category. cake chicken pasta salmon We live in a stressful world, a nd daily life can sometimes b With a partner , answer the questions below m ake us feel tired, stressed, or depressed. Some people go with either carbohydrates or proteins. to the doctor for help, others try alternative therapies, but What kind of food do you think it is better the place to find a c ure could be somewhere completely to eat...? different: in the kitchen. for lunch if you have an important exam or meeting D r. Paul Clayton. a food expert from Middlesex University, says "The brain is affected by what you eat and drink, just like every other part of your body. Certain types of food contain substances that for breakfast affect how you think and feel." for your evening meal if you are feeling stressed For example, food that is high in carbohydrates can make us feel more relaxed. It also makes us feel happy. Research has shown that people on c Look at the title of the article. What do you diets often begin to feel a little depressed after two weeks because they think it means? Read the article once to are eating fewer carbohydrates. find out, and to check your answers to b. On the other hand, food that is rich in protein makes us feel awake and d Read the article again. T hen with a partner, focused. Research has shown that schoolchildren who eat a high-protein say in your own words why the breakfast often do better at school than children whose breakfast is following people are mentioned. lower in protein. Also, eating the right kind of meal at lunchtime Give as much information as can make a difference if you have an exam in the afternoon or a you can. business meeting where you need to make some quick decisions. In an experiment for a TV show, two chess players. both former Dr. Paul Clayton champions, had different meals before playing each other. Paul 2 people on diets had a plate of prosciutto and salad (full of protein from the red 3 schoolchildren meat), and his opponent Terry had pasta with a creamy sauce (full 4 Paul and Terry of carbohydrates). In the chess match Terry felt sleepy and took much longer than Paul to make decisions about what moves to make. 5 Sw iss researchers The experiment was repeated several times with the same result. e Find adjectives in the article for the verbs Another powerful mood food could become a replacement and nouns in the list. What's the difference for some medications doctors prescribe for stress. In a between the two adjectives made from stress? study, Swiss researchers discovered that eating one dark stress (noun) (x2) relax (verb) wake (verb) chocolate candy bar (about 1.4 ounces) had beneficial sleep (verb) power (noun) benefit (noun) effects on highly stressed people. Not only did eating the dark chocolate help reduce stress, it was also shown to f Ask and answer the questions with a improve mood and reduce high blood pressure. partner. Why does chocolate make people less stressed? First, it causes the body to reduce the level of the stress hormone What time of day do you usually eat protein cortisol. Second, it reduces the "fight or flight" hormone-a hormone and carbohydrates? How do they make that makes people want to start a fight or run away when they are very you feel? stressed. In addition, it contains other compounds that lower blood 2 How often do you eat chocolate? Does it pressure and improve your mood. These three things, along with its make you feel happier? delicious taste, make chocolate a powerful mood changer. 3 After reading the article, is there anything you would change about your eating habits? Mood food - what the experts say Blueberries and cocoa can raise concentration levels for up to five hours. Food that is high in prote in helps your brain to work more efficiently. 1 For relaxation and to sleep be tter, eat carbohd y rates. Dark green vegetables (e.g., cabbage and spinach) and oily fl.sh (e.g., salmon) eaten re gularly can help to fight depre ssion. Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  5 LISTENING & SPEAKING ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ a Ask and answer the questions with a partner. How often do you eat out? 2 What's your favorite... ? a kind of food (Chinese. Italian. etc.) b restaurant dish 3 How important are these things to you in a restaurant? Number them 1-4 (1 = the most important). D the food D the service D the atmosphere D the price Have you ever tried English food? What did you think of it? b 7>)) Read the text about Steve Anderson. Then listen to Part 1 of an interview w ith him, and number the photos in the order he mentions them. c Listen again. Why does he mention each thing? d 1 8>)) Now listen to Part 2 and answer the questions. What does he say is the best and worst thing about running a restaurant? 2 What's the main difference between British STEVE ANDERSON has always had a passion for and Spanish customers? food. He was first taught to cook by his mother, who is 3 What kinds of customers does he find half Burmese. After studying physics in college, he got a difficult? summer job helping with a cooking course in Italy, where he 4 How does he think eating habits in Spain met several famous chefs. One of them, Alastair Little, later are changing? hired him as a trainee chef. Two years later, he moved to e What about you? Answer the questions with Valencia in Spain and opened a restaurant, Seu Xerea, now one of the most popular restaurants in town. a partner. What was your favorite food when you were a child? 2 [s there anything that you like/ don't like cooking? 3 [n your country, when people eat out would they usually tell the chef what they really think about the food? 4 Do you know anyone who is a "difficult -- customer" in restaurants? www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ 6 GRAMMAR simple present and continuous, action and nonaction verbs a 9 >)) Listen again to some of the things Steve said. the form of the verb he uses. 1 This week for example , I cook/ I'm cookinB nearly every day. We usually close/ are usually closinB on Sundays and Mondays, but this Monday is a public holiday. 2 The British always say/ are sayinB that everything is lovely. 3 Actually, I think I prefer/ I am preferrinB that honesty, because it helps us to know what people like. 4 Unfortunately, I think they Bet/ they're BettinB worse. People eat/ are eatinB more unhealthily. b With a partner, say why you think he has chosen each form. c > p.132 Grammar Bank lA. Learn more about the simple present and the present continuous, and practice them. d Make questions to ask your partner with the simple present or continuous. Ask for more information. On a typical day Right now/ nowadays - What/ usually have for breakfast? - / need to buy any food today? - / drink soda? How many glasses/ - / want anything to eat right now? drink a day? What? - Where/ usually have lunch? - / take vitamins or food - What/ usually have for lunch supplements right now? during the week? - / try to cut down on anything - / ever cook? What/ make? right now? - / prefer eating at home or - / the diet in your country/ get eating out? better or worse? 7 SPEAKING WHAT DO YOU THINK? 1 Men are better cooks than women. 2 Both boys and girls should learn to cook at school. 3 Cheap restaurants usually serve bad food. 4 On a night out with friends, where and what you eat isn't important. 5 Not all fast food is unhealthy. 6 Every country thinks that their cuisine is the best in the world. a 13>)) Listen to two people discussing sentence l. Who do you agree with more, the man or the woman? Why? b 14>)) Liste.n to the phrases in the Useful language box. Copy the intonation. p I agree. Useful language: Giving your opinion (1) I'm not sure. For example,... I don't agree. (I think) it depends. In my opinion... c In small groups, say what you think about sentences 2-6. Try to use the Useful language phrases. Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  G future forms: present continuous, going to, will I won't Are you seeing ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ V family, adjectives of personality P sentence stress, word stress, adjective endings your grandparents No, I'm going to this weekend? stay home. I'll probably see them next weekend. 1 VOCABULARY & SPEAKING family a Look at some photos showing family members. What's happening in each one? What do you think the relationship is between the people? b With a partner, explain the difference between each pair. 1 a father and a parent 2 a mother and a stepmother 3 a brother and a brother-in-law 4 a grandfather and a great-grandfather 5 a nephew and a niece 6 a child and an only child 7 your immediate family and your extended family Changing­ c Read ChanBinB-for the better and try to guess what the missing percentages are. Choose from the list. 11% 43% 60% 67% 75% d 15>)) Listen and check. Do any of the statistics surprise you? Which ones do you think would be very different if the survey was taken in your country? for the better? e Work in small groups. Say what you think and give F amily life is changing in the US, but not in the way we might think. The results of several different US surveys expected to find that family relationships reasons. were suffering because of the decline in traditional Do you think that... ? family structures. families should have a meal together every day However, some of the results were very surprising... children should leave home as soon as they can afford to S of young of adults30·34 parents and their teenaged children should spend I ' , still live at home adults under a lot of time together 25 and with their parents. parents should be friends with their children on social networking sites, e.g., Twitter elderly parents should live with their children when they are too old to live alone of families '" togeth" every day. p Useful language: Giving your opinion (2) We often use should+ verb to say what we think is the say they have the TV on during right thing or a good thing (to do), e.g., dinner. I think families should have dinner together every day - because... I don't think parents should be friends with their children think a new baby in on Twitter because... the family brings more happiness. www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ 2 GRAMMAR future forms a 1 16>)) Listen to three dialogues between different family members. Who is talking to who (e.g., brother to sister)? What are they talking about? b Listen again and match two sentences with each dialogue (1-3). A D I'll make you a cup of tea. D D I'm staying overnight there. B D You'll drive too fast. E D I'll drive really slowly. CD I'm not going to go to college yet. F D It's going to be cold tonight. c With a partner, decide which sentence (A-F} is... D a plan or intention DD a prediction D an offer O an arrangement O a promise d >- p.133 Grammar Bank 18. Learn more about future forms, and practice them. 3 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress p Sentence stress An important aspect of speaking English is stressing the words in a sentence that carry the information, and not stressing the other ones. This will help you to communicate better and to speak with good rhythm. a 21>)) Listen to the rhythm in these three dialogues. 1 A Are you coming home for dinner tonight? e No. I'm going out with my friends. 8 of adults are happy 2 A What are you going to do in the summer? and enjoy their lives without a lot of stress. B We're going to rent a house with my sister and her husband. 3 A oo you think they'll have children soom e I don't think so. Not for a few years anyway. 8 of adults are not happy and have a lot of stress b Practice them with a partner. Copy the rhythm. or worry in their lives. c Ask and answer the questions below. Give as much information as possible. of teens feel close to ARE YOU...? their family. having dinner with your family tonight 8 or is anyone in your family getting married soon doing something with a family member this week 8 of teens want to spend visiting a relative this weekend more time with their ARE YOU GOING TO...? parents. have a new nephew or niece soon have a big family get-together soon go on vacation with your family this year of parents stay buy a present for a member of your family this month connected with their children on social DO YOU THINK... ? networks. the number of people getting divorced will go up or down in the future the birthrate will go up or down in your country of parents worry about anyone in your family will live to be 90 or more 40% what their kids post on social networks. you will move away from (or back to) the area where your family lives ·- of elderly women 17% live with a relative such as a daughter, 4 22>>) SONG Our House daughter-in-law, or grandchild. Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  5 READING ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ a Which do you th.ink has more advantages, being an only child, or having brothers and THE YOUNGER BROTHER sisters? Why? b Work in pairs. A read The Youn8er Brother, B read The Onry Child. NOVELIST TIM LOTT Rivalry between brothers is normal, but c Tell your partner about 1 and 2 below. there was a special reason for the tension Whose childhood sounds happier? between us. I was very ill when I was born, l other family members who are mentioned and spent three months in the hospital with my mother. My brother did not see 2 how the writer's experience as a child her at all during that time because he affects him/ her now went to stay with an aunt. When our d Look at the highlighted words in the two mother returned home, it was with a sick texts. Try to figure out their meaning newborn baby who took all the attention. from the context. Then match them with No wonder he hated me (although if you definitions 1-12. askJeff, he will say that he didn't - we remember things differently). l adj ill 2 it's no surprise that My brother and I were completely 3 noun competition between different. We shared the same bedroom, two people but he was neat, and I was really messy. He was responsible; I was rebellious. He 4 noun the time when you were was sensible; I was emotional. I don't a child have any positive memories of our childhood together, 5 noun a meeting of people, though there must have been good moments.Jeff says we used to play e.g., family "Cowboys and Indians," but I only remember him trying to suffocate 6 noun people who are fully me under the bedcovcrs. grown My relationship withJeffhas influenced my attitude toward my own 7 adj knowing about or being four daughters. If the girls fight, I always think that the younger child conscious of something is innocent. But the good news about brothers and sisters is that when 8 noun a school where children they get older, they value each other more.Jeffis now one of my best can live during the year friends, and I like and admire him greatly. For better or for worse, we 9 verb think that somebody or share a whole history. It is the longest relationship in my life. something is important Adapted from The Times 10 verb divided something between two or more people THE ONLY CHILD 11 12 verb try to hurt somebody else noun a group of friends JOURNALIST SARAH LEE I went to boarding school when I was seven, and the hardest thing I Jg) each other found was making friends. Because I was an only child, I just didn't When brothers and sisters get older they know how to do it. The thing is that when you're an only child, you value each other more. spend a lot of your time with adults, and you're often the only child in Use each other to talk about an action a gathering of adults. Your parents go on living more or less between two people or groups of people, e.g., I don't get along very well with my fat her. We the way they have always lived, only now you are there, too. don't understand each other. I found being an only child interesting because it gave me a view of the world of adults that children in a big family e Talk to a partner. Do you have brothers and might not get. And I know it has, at least partly, made me sisters, or are you an only child? Do you feel the kind of person I am - I never like being one of a group, positive or negative about it? for example. Ifl have to be in a group, I will always try to go off and do something on my own, or be with just one other person - I'm not comfortable with being one of a gang. -· My parents arc divorced now and my mother lives in the US and my father in the UK. I feel very responsible for them - I feel responsible for their happiness. I'm the closest relative in the world to each of them, and I am very aware of that. www.ircambridge.com  6 VOCABULARY ‫کمبریج‬ ‫آموزشگاه ایران‬ 8 LISTENING & SPEAKING adjectives of personality a Without looking back at The YounBer Brother text, can you remember who was neat, responsible, and sensible and who was messy, rebellious, and emotional? Do you know what the adjectives mean? Would you use any of them to describe yourself? b > p.153 Vocabulary Bank Personality. c Write down the first three adjectives of personality that come into your head. Don't show them to your partner. Now go to >Communication Personality p.104. 7 PRONUNCIATION word stress, adjective endings a 26l)) Underline the stressed syllable in these mulitsyllable adjectives. Listen and a What's your position in the family? check. Are you the oldest child, a middle child, the youngest child, or an only child? 1 jeallous anlxious amlbi ious gelnelrous relbelllious b 27l)) Look at the cover of Linda Blair's 2 sojciajble reltilalble book. Now listen to a journalist talking about it on a radio program. Complete the 3 relsponlsilble senlsilble chart by writing four more adjectives of 4 comlpeltijtive tallkaltive personality in each column. ajggrejssive senlsi ive 5 unlfriendlly inlsejcure sensible relaxed outgoing self-confident imjpajtient ijmmajture b Listen again and answer the questions. 1 Is -ous pronounced /aus/ or fas/? 2 Is -able pronounced fabl/ or /e1bl/? 3 Is -ible pronounced fabl/ or hbl/? 4 Is -ive pronounced fav/ or /iv/? c Compare with a partner. Then listen to the four sections one by 5 Are -ous /-able/ -ible / -ive stressed? one. Check your answers. What reasons or examples does the 6 Are un- / in- / im- stressed? journalist give? d Look at the completed chart above. In pairs, say...... if you think it is true for you - and if not, why not?...if you think it is true for other people you know (your brothers and sisters, friends, etc.) 9 WRITING > p.113 Writing A description of a person. Write a description of a friend you know well. Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ Meeting the parents INTRODUCTION 2 REACTINGTOWHAT PEOPLESAY a Look at the photos. Describe Jenny and Rob. a 1 29>)) Watch or listen to Jenny introducing Rob to her parents. W hat bad news does Rob have for Jenny? W hat good news does Jenny have for her parents? O American and British English mom = American English mum = British English b Watch or listen again and mark the sentences T (true) or F (false). Correct the F sentences. 1 Rob left the chocolates at the office. 2 Rob's desk is usually very neat. 3 It's the second time that Rob has met Jenny's parents. 4 Sally has prepared a big dinner. 5 Jenny's new job is managing director. 6 Jenny is going to be Rob's manager. b 28>)) Watch or listen to Jenny and Rob talking. Fill in the blanks. Jenny Zielinski and Rob Walker work for a'----­ called New York24seven. She's American, and he's ____. Rob came to New York a few 3_____ ago. He had met Jenny when she went to 4 on a work trip. They got along very well, and he was offered a job for a month in s. Later he was offered a 6 job. Jenny helped Rob 7 an apartment, and they are enjoying life in the US, although Rob misses his friends and 8 ____ O American and British English - apartment = American English flat = British English www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ c l 30 >)) Look at some extracts from the 3 HARRY FINDS OUT MORE ABOUT ROB conversation. Can you remember any of the missing words? Watch or listen and check. 1 Jenny Don't forget the chocolates. Rob OK.Oh, ! Jenny I don't it. Don't tell me you forgot them? Rob I think they're still on my desk. Jenny ____ kidding. 2 Jenny Mom, I'm really sorry - we bought you some chocolates, but we left them at the office. Sally What a mind. 3 Jenny But I also have some good news. Sally 7 What's that? 4 Sally So you've got a promotion? fantastic! Harry That's great 5 Sally Let's go and have dinner. Jenny What a idea! a l 32>)) Watch or listen to the after-dinner conversation. Does d 31>)) Watch or listen and repeat the the evening end well or badly? phrases in the chart below. Copy the rhythm b Watch or listen again and answer the questions. and intonation. REACTING TO WHAT PEOPLE SAY What school did Jenny go to? 2 Is Harry impressed by Rob's job? Why (not)? What you say when you hear-· 3 What does Harry like doing in his free time? something surprising You're kidding. 4 Who are most of the photos in the dining room of? I don't believe it. S Who are Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Wymon Marsalis? something interesting Really? 6 What surprises Harry about Rob? some good news How fantastic! c Look at the Social English phrases. Can you remember any of That's great news! What a great idea! the missing words? some bad news Oh, no! What a pity. Harry How do you your career? Never mind. Rob Not. I'm more of a writer. Rob Oh, you know, interviews, reviews, like that... O How+ adjective, What+ noun Rob I , I like photography. We often use How+ adjective or What+ noun to Harry That's most of them are of Jenny. respond to what people say. Harry How ! How interesting! How awful! How amazing! Rob Well, he's a really nice ___. What a pity! What a good idea! What terrible news! Harry Go , son! e Practice the dialogues in c with a partner. d 33>)) Watch or listen and complete the phrases. f > Communication How awful! How e Watch or listen again and repeat the phrases. How do you say fantastic! A p.104 B p.109. them in your language? Can you...? D react to good news, bad news, unexpected news, and interesting news D introduce yourself and other people - D use phrases that give you time to think, e.g., you know, I mean, etc. Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  G present perfect and simple past V money P the letter o ‫ایران کمبریج‬ ‫آموزشگاه‬ 1 VOCABULARY money a 1 34>)) Listen to a song about money. Fill in the blanks with phrases A-G. A a material world B comes with a fee C foot the bill Educated, 1 __ D for free He's well-dressed E paper or plastic Not funny F shopping sprees And not much to say in G with money Most conversations b Listen again and read the lyrics. But he'll 2__ in Which phrase {A-G) means...? All situations I rich 'Cause he pays for everything 2 cash or credit cards 3 you have to pay for it Girls don't like boys, girls like cars and fflOf)e)',........ ·-..,.,,..... -,­ 4 pay the bill _ "'""'... 1 Boys will laugh at girls when they're not funny 5 that you don't have to pay for 6 buying a lot of things at one time 7 ____ a consumer society Don't matter c What do you think the song is saying? Do you think it is...? She'll have it Vacations very cynical And 4__ sad, but sometimes true offensive to women (and men) These are a few Of her favorite things d p.154 Vocabulary Bank /vloney. She'll get what she wants If she's willing to please His type of girl Always 5 __ Hey, now, there's nothing 6__ Girls don't like boys, girls like cars and money Boys will laugh at girls when they're not funny And these girls like these boys like these boys like these girls The girls with the bodies like boys with Ferraris Girls don't like boys, girls like cars and money All of these boys, yeah get all of these girls - \\""' losing their souls in 7__ Language.com www.ircambridge.com  2 PRONUNCIATION the letter o‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ a Can you remember which word rhymes with money in the song Girls & Boys? b Look at some more words with the letter o. Put them in the correct column. ,I You go shopping and you see something very clothes dollar done honest loan money go expensive that you really want, but can't afford. nothing owe shopping some sold won You... a buy it with your credit card. You can worry about the bill next month. b already have some money in the bank and plan to save for a couple of weeks and then buy the thing you want. c borrow the money and agree to pay back a small amount every week. c l 38>)) Listen and check. 2 You get $100 for your birthday. You... a spend some of it and save some. d Look at some words with the letters or. How is or b go straight to a shopping mall and spend it all. usually pronounced when it's stressed? Which two are c put all of it in your bank account until you know what different? you want to spend it on. afford order worth or ganized mortgage store work 3 Do you always know how much money you have,.. how much money you have spent, and on what? e l 39 >)) Listen and check. a Yes. I'm vt;ry organized and know exactly what I have f Practice saying these sentences. and what I've spent. Let's go shopping for clothes. b No. I have no idea. When I have money, I usually just Can I borrow some money? spend it. c I usually have a rough idea about what I spend my He won a million dollars. money on. They can't afford to pay the mortgage. I work in a store. 4 You borrowed some money from a friend, but I've done nothing wrong. you don't think that you'll be able to pay it back by the time you promised to. You... 3 READING & SPEAKING a don't worry about it. Hopefully your friend will forget about it, too! a Read the questionnaire and choose your answers. b figure out how much money you have and how much you owe. You speak to your friend and explain the b Compare your answers with a partner. Say why. situation and offer to pay the money back in small c > Communication Spender or saver? p.104. Find out if installments. c talk to your friend and promise that you'll pay him I you are a spender or a saver. her back, but it might take a little longer than you I -- first thought. 4 LISTENING S You have a friend who often borrows money a l 40 >)) Listen to six people answering the question Are from you and never pays you back. He I She I you a spender or a saver? How many are savers? wants to borrow $50. You... a lend him I her the money. You can afford it, and it b Listen again and match speakers l-6withA-F. Who... ? doesn't matter if you don't get it back. A O always has money in the bank b say no; he I she o_wes you too much already. B O often ends up with no money c lend the money, but explain that it is the last time, C O thinks he/ she is careful with money, but not cheap until he I she has paid back this loan. D O enjoys spending money on his/ her hobby E O can save money if he/ she needs to F O prefers to live now than worry about the future Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  ‫کمبریج‬ 5 GRAMMAR present perfect and ‫ایران‬ simple ‫آموزشگاه‬ past e In pairs, interview each other with the questions. Ask for more information. a Read the conversation. What are they arguing about? b 1 41 >)) Read the conversation again, and put the verbs in the HAVE YOU EVER...? present perfect or the simple past. Then listen and check. bought or sold something on eBay or a similar site lost a credit card or your wallet saved for something for a long time wasted money on something e you've never used won any money (e.g., in a lottery) lent money to someone #-' who didn't pay youback.. Wen. h ? bought something online and then discovered that it was a scam been charged too much in a restaurant 0,.,_11. / 11·11 David I 'haven't seen(see) those shoes before. Are they new? ou Kate Yes. I 2 Uust buy) them. Do you like them? O They're OK. How much 3 they (cost}? K Oh, not much. They (be} a bargain. Under $100. D You mean $99.99. That isn't cheap for a pair of shoes. Anyway, we can't afford to buy new clothes right now. K Why not? D 5_________ you _________ (see} this? K No. What is it? D The phone bill. It 6 (come} this morning. And we 7 (not pay} the electricity bill yet. K Well, what about the iPad you 8 (buy} last week? D What about it? K You 9 (not need} a new one. The old one 10 (work} just fine. D But 1 1 1 need) the new model. K well,1 12 (need) some new shoes. Have you ever bou gh! o ') ( I sold my _ sold something one computer. c Do we use the present perfect (PP) or simple past (SP)... ? 1 for a completed action in the past ___ Who did you sell it to? ow ') 2 for recent actions when we don't ask/ say exactly when ___ much did you sell it for -- d ),,- p.134 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more about the present perfect and simple past, and practice them. www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ 6 READING & SPEAKING FROM THE STREETS a In pairs, answer the questions. Give as much information as you can. TO SUCCESS! Think oftwo people you know personally or John DeJoria, an American billionaire businessman, owns several companies, including John Paul Mitchell Systems, a successful have heard ofwho are very rich. Did they...? brand of hair products. However, DeJoria was not always wealthy. a earn their money (how?) He was the second son of immigrant parents and grew up in a b inherit their money (who from?) very poor area of Los Angeles, California. Before forming his hair c win it (bow?) product company with only $700, he was a street gang member 2 Ifthey earned their money, was it because...? for some of his youth, he then worked at low-paying jobs including encyclopedia salesman, janitor, and insurance salesman, and he a they were very lucky was homeless twice. DeJoria's selfmade rise is an inspiring story. b they worked very hard c they had a special talent As a child, you were fairly entrepreneurial, weren't you? My first job, at 9 years old, was selling Christmas cards door-to­ b Now read an interview with a billionaire. How did door. At 10 years old, my brother and I had paper routes. We got he become so rich? Why is his success surprising? up at 4 o'clock a.m., folded the papers, and delivered them, and What does he do to help homeless people? then got ready for school. As you got older, you continued to work. Is that right? c Now read the interview again and number the The job that was one of the most influential experiences you can events in the order in which they happened. imagine was door-to-door selling encyclopedias. Doors literally A D He was homeless again. slam in your face-maybe 30, 40 doors before the first customer B D He delivered newspapers. will actually talk to you and let you in. C D An investor didn't give him the money he You've been homeless, haven't you? had promised him. Twice. Once, when I was about 22 years old. The other time was D D He sold encyclopedias from door-to-door. when I started John Paul Mitchell Systems in 1980. I wasn't E D He left his wife. getting along with my wife at the time. So I had left and had F D He was homeless. given her all the money. We had a backer for John Paul Mitchell Systems putting in a half-million dollars. That money was G []] He sold Christmas cards from door-to-door. supposed to arrive that day. I never got a penny. So I just slept H D He started a hair product company with $700. in my car. And I slept in my car for the first two weeks when I I D He was able to pay his bills on time. started the company. So we started with humble beginnings. d What do you think you can learn from John's story? Do memories of the streets motivate you? It sure makes you very appreciative of what you have in your e Look at the highlighted words and phrases life. Those who are homeless-like people with kids who are related co money and business. With a partner, homeless-I really have a heart for. So I participate in a lot of try to figure out the meanings from context. charitable organizations that take the homeless off the streets. What are the biggest problems you've faced in business? f Complete the questions with one of the The biggest problem is rejection. Any business you start, be highlighted words and phrases. Then ask and ready for it. The difference between successful people and answer the questions with a partner. unsuccessful people is that the successful people do all the What 1mmd. ofbair product do you use? How things the unsuccessful people don't want to do. When 10 doors long have you used it? are slammed in your face, go to door number 11, with a smile. 2 Do you know anybody who sells encyclopedias or When did you know you had made it? other products ? What does he/ she sell? I was in business two years, and we were able to pay every Does he/ she enjoy his/ her job? single bill on time. We had a couple of thousand dollars in the bank-$4,000, to be exact. And we said, "Man 3 If you needed a to lend you money to we made it; it's all downhill now." It was really hard. start a business, who would you ask? Why? It took a couple years. 4 Have you ever experienced ___ from a boss, a teacher, etc.? How did you feel? What was the first thing you bought yourself at e that point? 8 5 Do you know anybody who has tried to succeed in a difficult career (like acting), but I went to a restaurant. This is the first time I said I'm going to order off the left ja. who hasn't ___ yet? Is be/ she still trying, side of the menu, not the right side. The - or has he/ she given up? right side is where the prices are. Carne.:::. asada, guacamole, whatever I wanted. ] I didn't even look at the prices. That, to me, was a pretty big deal. !< Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  G present perfect+ for I since, present perfect continuous ‫کمبریج‬ V strong adjectives: exhausted, ‫آموزشگاه ایران‬ amazed, etc. P sentence stress, stress on strong adjectives 1 LISTENING d 1 46>)) Now listen to Part 2. Correct the wrong information in these sentences. a Look at the photos. Where do you think they were taken? What can you see in 1 Jane's son chose the name Adelante Africa, which means each photo? "Go forward, Africa" in Spanish. 2 The new school opened in 2012. b 45 >)) You are going to listen to an 3 Today the school has 75 children. interview with Jane, talking about a trip she 4 Adelante Africa has also been trying to improve the took in 2008. Listen to Part 1. Where did she children's English. go? What did she decide to do after the trip? 5 They are building a home for the teachers. c Listen again. What does Jane say about: 6 Two of Jane's children have been helping in Uganda. 1 her normal job 7 Jane says the school has changed children's lives because it has 2 the vacation to Uganda given them an education. 3 what happened when the lorry broke down 8 Jane thinks that she gives more than she gets. 4 the condition of the school 9 The website has a video Jane's daughter took of her teaching the children. - 5 the children 6 what the headmaster asked her for e Compare your answers with a partner. Then listen again to check. Glossary f Do you know anybody like Jane who does a lot of work for a holiday BritE for vacation charity? What do they do? lorry BritE for truck headmaster BritE for principal www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ 2 GRAMMAR present perfect + for I since, 4 SPEAKING present perfect continuous a Look at the circles, and a Match the questions and answers. write something in as many as you can. 1 How long has Jane been a writer? __ 2 How long has Adelante Africa had a website? __ 3 How Jong has she been working for Adelante Africa? A Since 2008. B For about 22 years. C For four years. b Answer with a partner. Are the three questions and answers in a about...? a a period of time in the past b a period of time from the past until now c a period of time in the present 2 What's the difference in form between the fust two questions and question 3? c ),- p.135 Grammar Bank 28. Learn more about the present perfect with for / since and the present perfect continuous, and practice them. 3 PRONUNCIATION sentence stress a 1 49 >)) Listen once and try to write down the stressed words in the large pink rectangles. How lona learnina French ? t t ' - · ; 2...,. I?) 3 ?.... o.;, o't,/ -ls o'> '-1., 4 C1ut, g',"" e 5 ? b Compare circles with a partner. Ask your partner at least three 6 questions about the things he or she has written. One question must be How lona haveyou... ? b Look at the stressed words and try to remember what How long have'!.. ,., ') (For al out a year. the unstressed words are. Then listen again to check been usingTwi and write them in. Do you write things on it or do Y?U ') c Listen again and repeat the sentences. Copy the just read other people's tweet:!_f rhythm. Why did you Y ) ( e ause ,t·s small, d 1 50 >)) Listen and make questions. a Nissan Juk it's very "green." >)) It's snowing. 0ow long has it been snowing? How long have you had , Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ 5 READING & LISTENING TV host's Amazon a In your country, are there charity events to raise money for a good cause? Have you ever taken part in one? Helen Skelton hopes to become the first What did you do? How much money did you raise? woman to kayak down the Amazon River. Helen Skelton is a 26-year-old TV host of Blue Peter, a b You're going to read an article about Helen Skelton, show for young people. She has never been afraid of a who agreed to kayak down the Amazon for charity. challenge. Last year, she became the second woman to Read the introduction and answer the questions. complete the 78-mile Ultra Marathon in Namibia, running the three consecutive marathons in 23 hours and 50 l What did Helen do last year for charity? minutes. But when Blue Peter decided to do something to 2 What is she hoping to do this year? raise money for the charity Sports Relief (which sponsors 3 What is dangerous about the trip? projects around the world), Skelton said that she wanted 4 What experience does she have? an even bigger challenge. So they suggested that she kayak 1,998 miles down the Amazon from Nauta in Peru to c Before you read the texts of Helen's first three phone Almeirim in Brazil. calls, imagine what kinds of problems you think she This is a very risky trip. There are no roads and no towns, had on her trip. Then read and check. Were you right? only rainforest and the river (which is sometimes more than 24 miles wide and infested with crocodiles). If she gets d 1 51 >)) Read Phone calls 1-3 again and fill in the sick, it will take around 11 hours to fly her to a hospital. blanks with the correct word. Then listen and check. I a in from b behind c back 2 a freezing b hot c boiling 3 a exhausted b angry c lost 4 a down b up c over 5 a long b wide c short 6 a ice cream b coffee c chocolate 7 a sleep b paddle c rest 8 a boring b interesting c worrying 9 a being b feel c feeling 10 a sick b well c hard e 1 52>)) Now listen to the rest of Helen's trip down the Amazon. Did she manage to finish? Phone call l ,, Everything went wrong. I only managed half f Listen again. Then answer the questions. a day on Wednesday, the first day, and on Phone call 4 Thursday we started late, so I'm already 1__ I Why hasn't she had any music for three days? I've been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely 2 __ , and the humidity is 100% at lunchtime. 2 What does she do co pass the time? I went the wrong way, and I had to paddle against 3 Why didn't she celebrate reaching the halfway point? the current. I was 3__ 1 They asked me 'Do you Phone call S want to give 4__?' but I said, 'Nol' Beca se I've also been having a wonderful time! There e pink 4 What have been driving her crazy this week? dolphins - pink, not gray - that come close o the 5 What wildlife has she seen? boat. I think that if I can do 62 miles a day, t n 6 Why is she starting to feel a little sad? I can make it. The 6:00 news 7 How many miles did she do altogether? 8 How long did the trip cake? 9 What did Helen miss? 10 What is the first thing she is going to do when she gees home? g Tell your partner about an adventure sport you've done -· or an exciting experience you've had. Was it a positive experience? Why (not)? How did you feel? www.ircambridge.com  ‫کمبریج‬ 6 ‫ایران‬ ‫ & آموزشگاه‬PRONUNCIATION :hallenge VOCABULARY strong adjectives p Strong adjectives Some adjectives have a strong meaning, e.g., I had to paddle against the current. I was exhausted!(= very tired) I've had a fantastic time!(= very good) With strong adjectives you can use absolutely or really, but NOT -very. ve,.,. I've been suffering from the heat. It's absolutely boiling. NOT ooilir,g. a Complete the sentences with a regular adjective. A Was Lisa's father angcy about the car? B Yes, he was furious! 2 A Is Oliver's apartment ___? Helen has only been kayaking once before in B Yes, it's really tiny-just a bedroom and a living room. her life, so she has been training four hours a 3 A Are you ___ of flying? day. Last week, she arrived at the Amazon in B Yes, I'm terrified! I never fly anywhere. Peru. After two days of kayaking, she made the first of her phone calls. 4 A Was the food ___? B Yes, it was delicious. 5 A Are you very ___? B I'm starving! I haven't eaten all day. 6 A ls your parents' house ___? B It's enormous. It has seven bedrooms. 7 A Was it in Moscow? B It was freezing! Minus 20 degrees. 8 A Was Jack's kitchen ___? B It was filthy. It took us three hours to clean it. 9 A Are your parents ___ about the wedding? B They're excited. In fact, they want to pay for everything! 10 A Was the movie ___? B It was hilarious. We laughed all the way through. 11 A Are you ___ you locked the door? ,, I've been on the Amazon for a week now, B I'm positive. I remember turning the key. and I've been paddling for six out of the 12 A Were you ___ to hear that Ted is getting married? seven days. The river is incredibly 5__ , B I was absolutely amazed! I never thought it would happen. and it's very hard to paddle in a straight line. The water is so brown that I can't see my b 53 >)) Listen and check. How are the strong adjectives paddle once it goes under the surface. It pronounced? Practice the dialogues in pairs. looks like melted 6__. I start at 5:30 in the morning, and I 7__ for at least 1 O hours, c > Communication Are you hungry? A p.104 B p.109. from 5:30 a.m. until dark, with only a short break for lunch. My hands have been giving d Ask and answer with a partner. Ask for more information. me problems - I have big blisters. I now 1 Have you ever been swimming in a place where the water was have them bandaged in white tape. absolutely freezing? I'm usually on the water for at least 10 hours; 2 Is there anything that makes you furious about car drivers or bike it's 8__ at times, and exciting at others. I listen riders in your country? to music on my iPod. I've been listening to Don't Stop Me Now by Queen to inspire me! ,, 3 Are there any animals or insects that you're terrified of? 4 What's the most delicious meal you've had recently? 5 Is there a comedian or a comedy series on TV in your country that Phone call 3 you think is absolutely hilarious? ,, I haven't been 9__ very well this week. The problem is heat exhaustion. They 7 WRITING ·- say it's because I haven't been drinking enough water. I've been traveling 62 miles a day, which is my target. But yesterday after ),,, p.114 Writing An informal email. Write an informal email to 52 miles, I was feeling 10__, and my head thank somebody you have been staying with and to tell him or her was aching, and I had to stop and rest. , , what you have been doing recently. Online Practice www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ GRAMMAR VOCABULARY a,b,or c. a the word that is different. 1 My sister ___ fish or seafood. 1 shrimp mussels duck squid a doesn't like b don't like c doesn't likes 2 lamb crab beef meet 2 I have a quick breakfast because ___ in a hurry. 3 cherry pear peach beet a I usually b I usually am c I'm usually 4 raspberry cucumber pepper cabbage 3 I __ TV when I'm having a meal. 5 fried baked chicken roast a never watch b don't never watch b Write the opposite adjective. c am never watching 1 honest 4 hardworking 4 I usually drink a lot of diet soda, but right now to cut down. 2 cheap 5 quiet a I try b I'm trying c I'm triing 3 selfish 5 ___ any brothers or sisters? c Write verbs for the definitions. a Are you having b Are you have c Do you have 1 to spend money on something that is not necessary ___ 6 What ___ when you graduate from school? 2 to receive money from somebody who has died ___ a you are going to do b are you going do 3 to get money by working c are you going to do 4 to get money from somebody that you will pay back __ 7 I can't see you this evening because ___ sqme 5 to keep money so that you can use it later friends. a I'm meeting b I meet c I'll meet d Write the strong adjectives. 8 A Would you like something to drink? tired 3 cold 5 angry __ B Yes,___ some orange juice, please. 2 hungry ___ 4 dirty ___ a I have b I'm having c I'll have e Complete the phrasal verbs. 9 A I can't open this jar. 1 Let's eat ___ tonight. I don't feel like cooking. B __ help you. 2 I'm allergic to milk, so I have to cut ___ dairy a I'll b I'm c I'd products from my diet. 10 That's a pretty dress. Where ___ it? 3 We live ___ my salary. My wife is unemployed. a have you bought b did you buy 4 I'll lend you the money if you promise to pay me ___. c did you bought 5 I took $200 ___ of my bank account. 11 ___ good at saving money. a I've never been b I haven't never been c I've never PRONUNCIATION 12 I got $50 for my birthday, but I __.., a the word with a different sound. a didn't spend it yet b haven't spent it yet c yet I haven't spent it 17 peach steak beef steamed 13 I've had this computer ___. a for about three years b since about three years 2 :; money shop positive honest c for about three years ago 3 roast sociable owe account 14 A How long ___ in Paris? B Since last March. 4i filthy bill tiny chicken a is he living b has he living c has he been living s afford worth - IS ___ the same gym for five years. force organized a I'm going to b I've been going to c I go to b Underline the stressed syllable. 1 sa!lmon 3 ijmmalture 5 senlsijble 2 inlvest 4 dejlilcious www.ircambridge.com  ‫آموزشگاه ایران کمبریج‬ CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THIS TEXT? CAN YOU UNDERSTAND THESE a Read the article once. When did Bill Morgan's PEOPLE? luck change? 5-4>)) On the street Watch or listen to five people and answer the questions. When bad Luck becomes good Luck! You've had a lot of bad luck in the past-a bad accident and some frightening health problems. Does that keep you from doing things in the future that involve luck, like Max Andrew Samantha Zenobia Skylar buying a lottery ticket? A 1 Max says he ___. nyone who has bought a ticket for the $500-million a often made brownies for his sister in the past US Powerball jackpot can only dream of having as b doesn't mind sharing his brownies with friends who much luck as Australian truck driver Bill Morgan. In are also feeling down case you've never heard of Bill Morgan, his story actually c hasn't eaten brownies in a long time begins with some very bad luck. First, he was almost crushed 2 Andrew likes Asian restaurants because___. to death by a truck accident at work. The accident did not a he doesn't like cooking kill him, but it did leave Bill with a heart condition. When he was given medication for the heart condition, Bill had an b it's cheaper than eating at home allergic reaction that caused a powerful heart attack, which c he can't cook that type of food at home left him clinically dead for 14 minutes. After being revived by 3 Samantha and her brother___ doctors, Morgan slipped into a coma for 12 days. During this a talk to each other a lot b don't like each other at all time, his family was advised to unplug his life support system c don't like each other as much after spending a lot of not once, but twice. Bill's luck began to change