Sexual Reproduction in Plants PDF

Document Details

AdroitKangaroo1687

Uploaded by AdroitKangaroo1687

Sm

Lobna Abd Elaziz

Tags

plant reproduction sexual reproduction biology botany

Summary

This document provides a comprehensive overview of sexual reproduction in plants, covering various aspects from pollination to seed dispersal and the role of animals. It explains the importance of sexual reproduction in plant life cycles and the factors influencing the process.

Full Transcript

‫اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وﺗﻨﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج اﻷﻣﺸﺎج اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺔ واﻷﻧﺜﻮﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻧﺒﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت وراﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻨﻮع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وإﻧﺘﺎج أﻧﻮاع ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫‪LE‬‬ ‫‪by lobna abd elaziz‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻜ...

‫اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻳﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ أﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﺤﻴﺎة اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وﺗﻨﻮﻋﻬﺎ‪.‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻧﺪﻣﺎج اﻷﻣﺸﺎج اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺔ واﻷﻧﺜﻮﻳﺔ ﻹﻧﺘﺎج ﻧﺒﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻳﺤﻤﻞ ﺻﻔﺎت وراﺛﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺆدي إﱃ ﺗﻨﻮع اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت وإﻧﺘﺎج أﻧﻮاع ﺟﺪﻳﺪة‬ ‫‪LE‬‬ ‫‪by lobna abd elaziz‬‬ ‫أﻧﻮاع اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺨﻠﻄﻲ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺬاﺗﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻚ اﻟﺰﻫﺮة‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺪث اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺨﻠﻄﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻚ زﻫﺮة‬ ‫‪.‬ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ إﱃ ﻣﻴﺴﻤﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻧﺒﺎت إﱃ ﻣﻴﺴﻢ زﻫﺮة ﻧﺒﺎت آﺧﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫ﻳﺠﺮى اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ ﻳﺪوﻳًﺎ ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻹﻧﺴﺎن‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﻨﻘﻞ ﺣﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﺎ ﻳﺠﻌﻠﻬﺎ ﺗﺴﺎﻓﺮ ﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫‪.‬اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻣﻦ ﻧﺒﺎت إﱃ آﺧﺮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺼﻄﻨﻊ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻃﻮﻳﻠﺔ‬ ‫دور اﻷزﻫﺎر ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻚ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻴﺴﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻤﺘﻚ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ اﻟﻤﻴﺴﻢ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح وﻳﺆﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻴﺌﺔ‬ ‫ﻳﺤﺘﻮي اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫‪.‬اﻷﻣﺸﺎج اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻹﻧﺒﺎﺗﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻋﲆ اﻷﻣﺸﺎج اﻷﻧﺜﻮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻹﺧﺼﺎب ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫إﻧﺒﺎت ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﺎء اﻷﻣﺸﺎج‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺒﺖ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻋﲆ اﻟﻤﻴﺴﻢ وﺗﻨﻤﻮ أﻧﺒﻮب‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻞ اﻷﻣﺸﺎج اﻟﺬﻛﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ أﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح إﱃ‬ ‫ﻳﻨﺪﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺸﻴﺞ اﻟﺬﻛﺮي ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺸﻴﺞ اﻷﻧﺜﻮي‬ ‫‪.‬ﻟﻘﺎح ﻳﻤﺘﺪ إﱃ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ‪ ،‬وﺗﺤﺪث ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻟﺘﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬اﻹﺧﺼﺎب‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ اﻟﺒﺬور واﻟﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺬور‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﺬور ﻣﻦ اﻟﺒﻮﻳﻀﺔ اﻟﻤﺨﺼﺒﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬وﺗﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﲆ ﺟﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺒﺎت ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻄﻮر اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﺒﻴﺾ وﺗﻮﻓﺮ اﻟﺤﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻟﻠﺒﺬور و ﺗﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻲ ﻧﺸﺮﻫﺎ‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر اﻟﺒﺬور واﻟﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗُﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﺨﻔﻴﻔﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﺮﻳﺎح‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗُﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺒﺬور اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻤﺘﻠﻚ ﻏﻄﺎء ﻣﺎء ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﻟﻤﻴﺎه‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗُﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺒﺬور ﺑﻮاﺳﻄﺔ اﻟﻄﻴﻮر واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺘﻨﺎول اﻟﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫‪4‬‬ ‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻔﺠﺎر‬ ‫ً‬ ‫ﻨﻄﻠﻘﺔ اﻟﺒﺬور إﱃ اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻄﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗﻨﻔﺠﺮ ﺑﻌﺾ اﻟﺜﻤﺎر ُﻣ‬ ‫دور اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﻧﻘﻞ ﺣﺒﻮب اﻟﻠﻘﺎح ﻣﻦ زﻫﺮة إﱃ أﺧﺮى‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺮ اﻟﺒﺬور‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗُﻨﺸﺮ اﻟﺒﺬور ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل ﺗﻨﺎول اﻟﻄﻴﻮر واﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻟﻠﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻋﺪة‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ ُ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗُﺴﺎﻋﺪ اﻟﺤﻴﻮاﻧﺎت ﻓﻲ ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻈﺮوف اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮاﻓﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء‬ ‫درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة واﻟﺮﻃﻮﺑﺔ و ﺿﻮء اﻟﺸﻤﺲ‬ ‫ﻳُﻌﺘﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺎء ﺿﺮورﻳًﺎ ﻟﻨﻤﻮ اﻟﻨﺒﺎت و إﺗﻤﺎم‬ ‫‪.‬ﻟﻬﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻴﺮ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ‬ ‫‪.‬ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻠﻘﻴﺢ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗُﺆﺛﺮ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻋﲆ ﻧﻤﻮ اﻟﺠﺬور و اﻣﺘﺼﺎص اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﻐﺬﻳﺔ‬ ‫أﻫﻤﻴﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻟﻠﻨﺒﺎت‬ ‫إﻧﺘﺎج اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻓﻴﺮ اﻷدوﻳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺤﻴﻮي‬ ‫ﺗُﻨﺘﺞ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼل اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻐﺬاﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪.‬ﺗُﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻓﻲ إﻧﺘﺎج اﻷدوﻳﺔ و اﻟﻌﻘﺎﻗﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺎﻫﻢ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺤﻔﺎظ ﻋﲆ اﻟﺘﻨﻮع اﻟﺤﻴﻮي ﻓﻲ‬ ‫‪.‬اﻟﻀﺮورﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة‬ ‫‪.‬اﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟﺒﻴﺌﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺗﻤﺔ واﺳﺘﻨﺘﺎﺟﺎت‬ ‫وﻣﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻴﺎة ﻋﲆ اﻷرض‪.‬ﻳُﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻔﻬﻢ‬ ‫ﻳُﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻜﺎﺛﺮ اﻟﺠﻨﺴﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﺪة ُ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺮاﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬه اﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ أن ﻳُﺴﺎﻫﻢ ﻓﻲ ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ اﻟﺰراﻋﺔ و إﻧﺘﺎج اﻷﻏﺬﻳﺔ و‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻬﺪدة ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻘﺮاض‬ ‫‪.‬ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺒﺎﺗﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻷﻧﻮاع ُ‬

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser