Practice Questions PDF

Practice Questions 1. A 54-year-old woman detects a lump in her breast during a routine self-examination. A...

Practice Questions 1. A 54-year-old woman detects a lump in her breast during a routine self-examination. A piece of the lump is removed during a biopsy procedure. Which of the following pathologists will look at the tissue microscopically and provide a diagnosis? A. Surgical pathologist B. Cytopathologist C. Clinical pathologist D. Research pathologist E. Microbiologist 2. The three categories of endogenous causes of disease are A. microbiologic, immunologic, and metabolic. B. physical, vascular, and metabolic. C. metabolic, immunologic, and vascular. D. chemical, microbiologic, and vascular. 3. A 34-year-old man has an ulcer (“sore”) on the skin of his ankle. The man is a new patient at the clinic. Without knowing anything more about the man’s medical history, including possible predisposing conditions, and before you’ve ordered any clinical tests (such as microbiology or radiology), the best way to describe this ulcer is A. an infection. B. a lesion. C. a functional change. D. a complication. 4. A 55-year-old man complains to his physician of extreme tiredness. This is an example of A. a symptom. Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. B. a sign. C. a manifestation. D. a complication. 5. Which of the following is the basic philosophical tenet of allopathic medicine? A. Disease is caused by external agents that leave visible traces on organs and tissues. B. Disease is caused by deranged structure and/or function of tissues, cells, or molecules. C. Diseases cause visible changes in tissues and organs. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:00:32.  D. Diseases are caused by structural changes in genes that result in functional changes in tissues. E. Diseases can be diagnosed by the scientific method. 6. Which of the following is not a manifestation of disease? A. Ultrasonographic evidence of abnormal heart chambers in a fetus B. Fever, leukocytosis, and abdominal pain in a child with appendicitis C. A history of breast cancer in a close family member D. A skin ulcer in a patient with diabetes E. A feeling of shortness of breath and abnormal lung sounds in a patient with pneumonia 7. Care of a symptomatic patient includes all of the following except which one? A. Taking a history B. Performing a physical exam C. Performing screening procedures D. Seeing the patient in follow-up E. Prescribing treatment plans 8. A differential diagnosis is A. a list of possible diseases a patient may have, generated during the workup of a patient. B. a constellation of symptoms that is not unique to a particular disease. C. a diagnosis that is made presumptively, without confirmatory laboratory tests. D. the opinion of a second physician, which is different from that of the first physician consulted. E. a diagnosis rendered by a practitioner of alternative medicine. 9. A patient is being treated with high-dose steroids for lupus erythematosus, which is an autoimmune disease. Over the past several months, she has gained 40 pounds, has developed a “buffalo hump” of tissue over her neck and shoulders, has developed acne and notices that she bruises very easily. She also has difficulty sleeping and Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. always feels tired. These are known complications of steroid therapy. Her condition is an example of A. nosocomial disease. B. an iatrogenic complication. C. a complication of lupus. D. a syndrome. E. hyperplasia. 10. Pathogenesis refers to A. the scientific study of disease processes. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:00:32.  B. the cause of disease. C. the sequence of events that leads from structural and functional abnormalities to clinical manifestations. D. the classification of disease in the allopathic medical system. 11. Practice guidelines that are based on results reported in the scientific literature form the basis of A. laboratory medicine. B. experimental pathology. C. clinical pathology. D. evidence-based medicine. E. academic medicine. 12. The biggest obstacle to health care in the United States is A. inequitable distribution of resources. B. lack of scientific research on cause and treatment of disease. C. poor health education. D. poor medical education. E. variability of practice guidelines between institutions. 13. A specific diagnosis includes A. a disease classification. B. a prediction about the prognosis. C. a guide for treatment. D. A and C only. E. all of the above. Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:00:32.  Practice Questions 1. Which of the following is an accurate statement about prevalence and incidence? A. Incidence is a more useful measure of chronic disease. B. Prevalence measures the number of people with a particular disease at a particular time. C. Incidence is used to assess direct and indirect costs of care. D. Prevalence is the same as prognosis. E. Prevalence measures the number of people who develop a disease in a particular time period. 2. A 76-year-old woman who is otherwise perfectly healthy, does not smoke, and does not have hypertension develops pneumonia. She is at greater risk of dying from this disease than a 42-year-old woman would be because of age-related changes in her A. heart. B. liver. C. brain. D. immune system. E. endocrine system. 3. The leading causes of death A. are the same all over the world. B. are the same in children and adults. C. are compiled from death certificates. D. are stable over time. E. are unrelated to aging. 4. Which are currently the three leading causes of death in the United States? A. Stroke, lung disease, myocardial infarct Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. B. Heart disease, lung cancer, breast cancer C. Heart disease, cancer, chronic pulmonary disease D. Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarct, stroke E. Cancer, stroke, lung disease 5. Which of the following are not measures of ill health? A. Death certificate statistics B. Reasons for doctor office visits C. Measures of disability D. Financial costs of care Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:01:21.  E. Prevalence and incidence 6. The most common causes of disability (as defined in this chapter) are A. acute infections, pregnancy and the neonatal period, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. B. Alzheimer disease, mental illness, and aging. C. heart disease, cancer, and stroke. D. heart disease, arthritis, and mental illness. E. arthritis, back pain, and heart disease. 7. The most common cause of death in children aged 1–4 years is A. accidents. B. leukemia. C. heart disease. D. solid-organ cancer. E. stroke. 8. Life expectancy is A. the same for everyone all over the world. B. influenced by genetic and environmental factors. C. lower now than it was 100 years ago. D. unrelated to aging. E. influenced most by access to medical care and pharmaceutical drugs. 9. Which of the following can be considered an acute (rather than chronic) disease? A. Lung cancer B. Pneumonia C. Alzheimer disease D. Rheumatoid arthritis E. Diverticular disease of the colon (diverticulosis) 10. Most healthcare costs in the United States are incurred by Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. A. chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension. B. age-dependent conditions such as cataracts and benign prostatic hyperplasia. C. well-infant checks and immunizations. D. costly cancer treatments, primarily lung cancer. 11. The five most common causes of death in the United States share similar risk factors. These are A. congenital anomalies, low birth weight and complications of premature birth. B. lack of or restricted access to allopathic medical care. C. atherosclerosis, hypertension, smoking and obesity. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:01:21.  D. increasing age and age-dependent conditions that predispose to lethal illnesses. 12. In 2013, there were 56,482 new cases of syphilis diagnosed in the United States (CDC: FastStats). This statistic describes A. mortality due to syphilis. B. prevalence of syphilis in the United States. C. morbidity due to syphilis. D. incidence of syphilis. 13. Of the top four reasons for office visits to a physician in the United States, which is linked to the most common cause of death in the United States? A. Childhood immunizations B. Acute respiratory tract infection C. Arthritis D. Hypertension Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:01:21.  Practice Questions 1. The attempt to discover disease in its earliest stage is referred to as A. preventive medicine. B. diagnostic testing. C. screening. D. public health. E. physical examination. 2. Which of the following is not a screening procedure? A. Mammography B. Liver biopsy C. Dental X-rays D. Visual acuity tests E. PSA test 3. A 35-year-old man goes for his annual physical examination. He has no health complaints and his physical examination is normal. Nevertheless, the physician takes his blood pressure. Why? A. Because this is a billable procedure, so the physician can charge for it. B. Because the patient has a history of heart disease in his family. C. Because the patient asked him to. D. Because it is a screening procedure for vascular disease. E. Because the physician is working in a public health laboratory. 4. Which of the following diseases would not be detected by CBC? A. Diabetes B. Bacterial infection C. Anemia Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. D. Leukemia 5. Molecular diagnostic techniques are used A. to detect lesions in internal organs. B. to screen for infectious diseases. C. to determine the presence of unique genetic sequences. D. to test water for harmful substances. 6. Which of the following tests is not performed in the chemistry laboratory? A. Detecting toxins in urine or blood B. Analysis of serum electrolytes Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:01:48.  C. Serologic liver function tests D. Microbial susceptibility testing 7. A 34-year-old woman is found to have a lesion in her breast by mammography. To make a diagnosis, the next procedure that should be performed is A. a PET scan. B. chemistry tests. C. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). D. biopsy. 8. A 26-year-old man develops seizures. Which of the following procedures would best demonstrate that the seizures are caused by an abnormal mass in the brain? A. X-ray B. Ultrasound C. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) D. Fine-needle aspiration 9. A 67-year-old woman is diagnosed with breast cancer. Which of the following is a technique that could reasonably be used to detect whether the cancer has spread to other organs? A. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) B. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) C. Positron emission tomography (PET) D. Ultrasound 10. The complete blood count (CBC) is performed to detect A. problems with the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. B. serum electrolyte abnormalities. C. infectious diseases. D. problems with the liver. Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 05:01:48.  Practice Questions 1. The most common injury to heart muscle is A. metastatic disease. B. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. C. related to atherosclerosis. D. genetic or developmental defects. E. immunologic. 2. Congestive heart failure refers to which of the following? A. Sudden cardiac death B. Failure of the heart to pump effectively C. Peripheral edema and dilated neck veins D. Cardiac injury resulting from repeated myocardial infarctions E. Right-heart failure resulting from lung disease 3. A 68-year-old competitive bicyclist has an abnormal stress test, though he denies ever having had anginal symptoms. Subsequent cardiac catheterization and angiogram reveal severe occlusion of one of his coronary arteries. Which of the following statements is most likely correct? A. He has had prior episodes of myocardial infarction. B. His heart is protected by numerous collaterals. C. He is at very high risk for sudden cardiac death. D. He will show ascites and peripheral edema on physical exam. E. He has unstable angina. 4. Which of the following statements comparing rheumatic heart disease and infective endocarditis is correct? A. Rheumatic heart disease affects myocardium, whereas infective endocarditis Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. affects the endocardium. B. Rheumatic heart disease more commonly affects left-sided valves, whereas infective endocarditis more commonly affects right-sided ones. C. Rheumatic heart disease is caused by infection of valves by streptococci, and infective endocarditis is caused by infection of the valves by staphylococci. D. Both can result in embolization of bacteria from vegetations. E. Rheumatic heart disease is immunologically mediated, whereas infective endocarditis is infectious. 5. A 62-year-old man with signs and symptoms of endocarditis has an echocardiogram that reveals normal chamber sizes and function and a vegetation on the aortic valve. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:48:49.  Which of the following complications is the patient not at risk for? A. Stroke B. Mesenteric ischemia C. Pulmonary embolism D. Splenic infarction E. Myocardial infarction 6. What is the most important significance of unstable angina? A. The patient is severely limited in exercise tolerance. B. The patient requires angioplasty. C. The patient has developed congestive heart failure. D. The patient is at imminent risk of developing a myocardial infarct. 7. The most common cause of right-heart failure is A. intrinsic lung disease. B. valvular (tricuspid or pulmonic) disease. C. left-heart failure. D. myocarditis. 8. Myocarditis A. is a form of cardiomyopathy. B. is typically caused by viruses. C. is a sequela of infective endocarditis. D. is a common cause of congestive heart failure. 9. A sensitive test for myocardial infarct is A. measurement of enzymes that leak from damaged heart muscle. B. auscultation for heart murmur. C. detection of signs of congestive heart failure, such as pitting edema. D. Patient’s sensation of chest pain, dizziness, and fatigue. 10. A 67-year-old man develops symptoms of stroke about 1 week after being hospitalized Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. for treatment of a myocardial infarct. The most likely pathogenetic mechanism of the stroke is A. infective endocarditis developing over the area of the infarct. B. insufficient blood flow to the brain because of cardiac tamponade. C. embolization of a mural thrombus that developed over the infarcted area. D. embolization of a portion of plaque released from a coronary artery. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:48:49.  Practice Questions 1. A 36-year-old woman complains to her physician of chronic lethargy. She also admits to excessive blood loss during her menstrual periods for several years. Laboratory examination reveals a low hemoglobin level and small erythrocytes. Which of the following types of anemia does she most likely have? A. Sickle cell B. Hemolytic C. Iron-deficiency D. Thalassemia 2. In a large laboratory, routine review of test results at the end of a day reveals a patient with a white blood cell count of 72,000—93% of which are lymphocytes with many immature forms. The diagnosis in this patient is almost certainly which of the following? A. Leukemia B. Lymphoma C. Granulocytosis D. Polycythemia 3. The mononuclear phagocytic system consists of A. tissue macrophages. B. phagocytes activated during acute inflammation. C. phagocytes that reside in sinusoids in liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. D. phagocytes with just one rather than multilobed nuclei (granulocytes). 4. A peripheral blood examination in a 63-year-old man with neurologic symptoms reveals a low hematocrit, low hemoglobin, and a strikingly high MCV. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis? Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. A. Sickle cell anemia B. Hereditary spherocytosis C. Pernicious anemia D. Folic acid deficiency 5. An acute inflammatory process, such as bacterial pneumonia, would most likely result in increased numbers of which type of cells? A. Erythrocytes B. Granulocytes C. Lymphocytes D. All of the above Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:50:10.  6. Which of the following terms describes a hyperplastic process in the bone marrow? A. Polycythemia B. Myelophthisis C. Thalassemia D. Hypersplenism 7. Thalassemia is a genetic disease that causes A. red blood cells to assume an abnormal shape. B. oxidation of cell membrane proteins. C. deficient production of adult hemoglobin. D. gradual reduction of iron stores in the bone marrow. 8. In a patient with severe shortness of breath and pallor, you notice petechiae on the skin of her neck and arms. Which of the following would be the most important laboratory tests to order first? A. Hemoglobin, white blood cell count, and platelet count B. Bone marrow biopsy and hemoglobin C. Reticulocyte count and platelet count D. Platelet count and serum immunoglobulin level 9. Which of the following typically causes a normochromic, normocytic anemia? A. Acute blood loss anemia B. Pernicious anemia C. Sickle cell anemia D. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia 10. In which of the following is a bone marrow biopsy required for accurate characterization and classification of the disease? A. Gluclose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency B. Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia C. Polycythemia vera Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. D. Leukemia Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:50:10.  Practice Questions 1. Which of the following accurately states the difference between hemostasis and coagulation? A. Hemostasis refers to the pathologic stagnation of blood in vessels, whereas coagulation refers to the solidification of plasma. B. Hemostasis primarily involves endothelial cells, whereas coagulation primarily involves platelets. C. Hemostasis refers to the formation of a thrombus, whereas coagulation refers to activation of the clotting cascade. D. Hemostasis refers to cessation of blood flow through an injured vessel, whereas coagulation refers to solidification of plasma. E. Hemostasis and coagulation are synonymous terms. 2. Proteins of the coagulation cascade, and their inhibitors, are primarily produced by A. enzymes in the liver. B. stem cells in the bone marrow. C. reticuloendothelial cells in the spleen. D. endothelial cells lining blood vessels. E. the coagulation cascade. 3. Factor IX is activated by A. tissue factor/factor VII complex. B. activated factor XI. C. activated factor X. D. thrombin. E. calcium. 4. A 64-year-old woman with hypersplenism runs the risk of spontaneously bleeding into Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. her joints when the platelet count drops below which level? A. 100,000 per microliter B. 50,000 per microliter C. 10,000 per microliter D. 5000 per microliter 5. Of the following genetic conditions discussed in this chapter, which is the result of an inherited problem with platelet function? A. Hemophilia A B. Hemophilia B Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:52:02.  C. Von Willebrand disease D. Factor V Leiden deficiency 6. A 6-year-old boy stayed home from school last week because of a sore throat and fever. Today, his father carries him into the urgent care clinic because the boy is complaining about pain in his joints. He also has a rash on his arms and legs. With this history, you should be concerned about A. Henoch-Schönlein purpura. B. Hemophilia. C. Hemolytic-uremic syndrome. D. Amyloidosis. 7. Virchow’s triad describes A. the pathophysiology of disseminated intravascular coagulation. B. the factors contributing to thrombus formation. C. how a pulmonary embolism occurs. D. the mechanism of coagulation. 8. Genetic abnormality of Factor V Leiden causes A. spontaneous bleeding into joints and soft tissue. B. deficient hemostasis after surgery. C. abnormal formation of fibrin polymers. D. recurrent thrombosis and pregnancy loss. 9. A 24-year-old man sustained severe crush injuries of his hips and legs in a motor vehicle accident. He has been immobilized in bed for 2 weeks. He wakes up suddenly in the middle of the night with difficulty breathing. He pushes the call button. His nurse should immediately be concerned about A. a myocardial infarction. B. pulmonary embolism. C. blood loss into soft tissues. D. pneumonia. Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. 10. A 34-year-old woman who suffered repeated pregnancy loss because of an inherited defect in an anticoagulant molecule is put on warfarin. Which of the following laboratory tests will be used to monitor the serum levels of this drug? A. A PTT B. Platelet count C. INR D. Fibrin degradation product/ D-dimer Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:52:02.  Practice Questions 1. Resistance to the flow of air through the bronchial tree is controlled by A. bronchial smooth muscle. B. the rate of production of mucus. C. surfactant. D. Type I pneumocytes. E. elastin. 2. Which of the following statements best characterizes the difference between restrictive and obstructive lung disease? A. Restrictive lung disease is reversible, whereas obstructive lung disease is not. B. Restrictive lung disease refers to restriction of the lungs’ movement, whereas obstructive lung disease is caused by inability of the lung to inflate completely. C. Restrictive lung disease is characterized by a decrease in peak flow as measured by spirometry, whereas obstructive lung disease is characterized by an increase in the total lung volume. D. Restrictive lung disease is caused by destruction of the lungs’ elastic property, whereas obstructive lung disease is caused by obstruction of the flow of air out of the air passages. E. Restrictive lung disease is more commonly caused by smoking, whereas obstructive lung disease is more commonly caused by infection. 3. What do cystic fibrosis, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis have in common? A. They are genetic diseases. B. They lead to the development of end-stage lung. C. They are the three most common reasons for lung transplantation in the United Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. States. D. They are strongly associated with cigarette smoking. E. They begin in childhood. 4. Miliary tuberculosis refers to A. tuberculosis of the spine. B. disseminated granulomas in several organs. C. tuberculosis developing in military recruits. D. tuberculosis of the spleen. 5. Which of the following statements about lung cancer is correct? Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:52:40.  A. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and women in the United States. B. Non-small cell cancer is not related to smoking. C. Lung cancer rarely metastasizes. D. Lung cancer can be detected in early stages with the recommended screening protocol, which is applicable to all adults. E. Women have a lower rate of lung cancer because they are protected by estrogens. 6. A 24-year-old woman presents to the doctor with shortness of breath, cough, and a low-grade fever. The symptoms began shortly after she moved in with her boyfriend, who lives in a three-bedroom house filled with exotic birds. She had asthma as a child, but the symptoms “are not like that.” She most likely is suffering from which of the following conditions? A. Asthma, whose symptoms have changed as she has gotten older, triggered by bird feathers B. A conversion disorder because she feels neglected by her boyfriend who prefers the company of the birds C. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, triggered by exposure to dusts generated by the birds D. Diffuse alveolar damage, which can be triggered by many things E. Sarcoidosis, which is unrelated to the birds or the boyfriend 7. A 26-year-old pregnant woman is confined to her bed because she fractured her leg in several places in a skiing accident. What condition should her physician be most worried about? A. Bronchopneumonia B. Hyaline membrane disease of the newborn C. Pulmonary embolism D. Pulmonary infarct E. Acute respiratory distress syndrome 8. Hyaline membrane disease Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. A. is genetic. B. occurs in premature infants. C. is caused by oxidative damage to Type II pneumocytes. D. results in end-stage scarring and loss of elasticity of lung tissue. 9. A 65-year-old chronic alcoholic develops pneumonia. The resident physician taking care of him in the hospital says he has “aspiration pneumonia.” This is a type of A. bronchopneumonia. B. tuberculosis. C. hypersensitivity pneumonitis. D. acute respiratory distress syndrome. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:52:40.  10. A health-care worker was exposed several years ago to a patient with tuberculosis, and now has a positive delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the tuberculosis test. Under what conditions may she develop the signs and symptoms of active disease? A. Treatment with standard anti-tuberculosis drugs do not clear the primary infection. B. She becomes increasingly debilitated due to dementia in old age. C. She develops a viral upper respiratory tract infection which secondarily causes bronchitis. D. She drinks unpasteurized milk. 11. Which of the following diseases does not cause granulomas to form in the lung? A. Sarcoidosis B. Histoplasmosis C. Mycoplasma pneumonia D. Blastomycosis 12. A patient claims to have started smoking at the age of 12 and has smoked one pack per day since then. She is now 55 years old. Would you recommend that she undergo annual CT screening for lung cancer? A. No, female patients are not as susceptible to lung cancer as males. B. No, her smoking profile does not fit current screening recommendations. C. Yes, she is older than 54 years and has a greater than 30 pack year smoking history. D. Yes, the risk of cancer is greater in patients who started smoking at an early age. E. No, the risk of exposure to ionizing radiation is greater than her risk of having or developing lung cancer. 13. All of the following are causes of pulmonary hypertension, except A. left-sided heart failure. B. chronic interstitial lung disease. C. pulmonary emboli. D. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. E. aspiration pneumonia. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:52:40.  Practice Questions 1. The histologic layer that is composed of epithelial cells with specialized functions in different segments of the gastrointestinal tract is called the A. lamina propria. B. mucosa. C. muscularis propria. D. submucosa. E. mesentery. 2. The most common manifestation of gastrointestinal tract disease is A. functional alteration of gut motility. B. infant diarrhea. C. gastrointestinal flu. D. hemorrhage. E. gastroesophageal reflux disease. 3. The purpose of screening colonoscopy is to A. detect Barrett metaplasia. B. detect dysplasia in Crohn disease. C. detect and remove polyps. D. detect diverticula. E. detect carcinoma. 4. A 76-year-old man with known colonic diverticulosis notices bright red blood in his stool. This is an example of which of the following? A. Melena B. Hematochezia C. Hematemesis Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. D. Diarrhea E. Fecal occult blood 5. A 56-year-old man has long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following is he not at risk of developing? A. Barrett esophagus B. Strictures C. Gastric carcinoma D. Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus E. Ulcers Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:54:05.  6. Complications of H. pylori infection include all of the following except which one? A. MALT lymphoma B. Gastric adenocarcinoma C. Peptic ulcer D. Barrett esophagus E. Chronic gastritis 7. Three people who had lunch together in a restaurant all experience the sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea 2–3 hours later. Their food was most likely contaminated with A. Clostridium botulinum. B. Staphylococcus aureus. C. norovirus. D. Shigella. E. Vibrio cholerae. 8. Which of the following cancers is most common in the United States? A. Gastric B. Esophageal C. Small intestinal D. Colonic E. Anal 9. A newborn boy has difficulty feeding for about 2 weeks after birth, then suddenly develops forceful vomiting, spewing milk up to 6 feet away. Understandably, the mother is very upset, as the baby has lost the weight it gained since birth. The pediatrician performs a physical exam and finds A. imperforate anus. B. fever. C. a hard, firm lump in the upper abdomen. D. complete absence of bowel sounds (adynamic ileus). 10. Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. Hirschsprung disease is caused by A. absence of nerve cells in the distal portion of the rectum. B. contamination of food by Salmonella. C. a combination of genetic, environmental and immunological factors. D. chronic reflux esophagitis. 11. Which of the following patients with abdominal pain most likely has autoimmune gastritis? A. A 56-year-old, obese woman with chronic bronchitis B. A 26-year-old college student who was treated 6 months ago for H. pylori gastritis C. A 43-year-old man who just returned from his first trip to Mexico Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:54:05.  D. A 71-year-old woman who also has mild tingling in her hands and feet and complains of recent memory impairment 12. A medical relief team is sent to a rural area in China to help after an earthquake left thousands of people homeless. Which of the following diarrheal illnesses should the team take immediate precautions to prevent, by maintaining a clean water supply and sanitation? A. Food poisoning due to Salmonella B. Crohn disease C. Cholera D. Viral enteritis 13. Which of the following correctly describes the distribution of inflammation in ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease? A. In Crohn disease, the inflammation is continuous, while it is patchy in ulcerative colitis. B. In Crohn disease, the inflammation can occur in organs other than the colon. C. In Crohn disease, the inflammation is limited to the mucosa, while it extends through all layers of the bowel wall in ulcerative colitis. D. The inflammation always involves the rectum in Crohn disease, while it spares the rectum in ulcerative colitis. Copyright © 2018. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. All rights reserved. Loeffler, Agnes G., and Michael N. Hart. Introduction to Human Disease: Pathophysiology for Health Professionals : Pathophysiology for Health Professionals, Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC, 2018. ProQuest Ebook Central, http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/murdoch/detail.action?docID=5488858. Created from murdoch on 2023-06-03 04:54:05.  Practice Questions 1. A 12-year-old boy becomes acutely ill with fever, loss of appetite, and jaundice 3 weeks after returning from summer camp. He recovers uneventfully 2 weeks later. His disease is most likely A. hepatitis A.