Ethics of Confidentiality in Medicine (PDF)

Confidentiality ‫سرية المهنة‬ Dr. Fatma Nada Assistant Professor of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Objectives 1- Ethical fundamentals of confidentiality. 2-Define the professional secrecy. 3-Discuss the conditions in which doctors can disclose the pro...

Confidentiality ‫سرية المهنة‬ Dr. Fatma Nada Assistant Professor of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Objectives 1- Ethical fundamentals of confidentiality. 2-Define the professional secrecy. 3-Discuss the conditions in which doctors can disclose the professional secrecy. Ethical Fundamentals of Confidentiality 1.Autonomy: the patient has the right to keep all information about his medical condition in secrecy. This information should not be made known to others without his own consent. 2.Respect of dignity: One important way of showing respect to the patient as a human being is by preserving their privacy. 3.Trust: is an important element in doctor-patient relationship that encourages patients to reveal personal information to physicians and discuss their problems openly. This may include sensitive information, which would be embarrassing or harmful if it is known to others.  ‫تعريف السرية المهنية‬ ‫ يعتبر كل ما يطلع عليه الطبيب من معلومات وحقائق عن مريضه سر شخصي وال يحق‬ ‫للطبيب أن يبوح به لشخص آخر حتى ولو كان األخ أو الزوج أو الزوجة‪.‬‬ ‫ الحفاظ على خصوصية المرضى خط أحمر ال يمكن تجاوزه تحت أي اعتبار إال في مواضع‬ ‫الا واسعا لالجتهادات الفردية‪.‬‬ ‫محددة نصا بالقانون‪ ،‬وبشكل باتِّ ال يترك مجا ِّ‬  ‫نصت المادة ‪ 310‬منِّقانونِّالعقوباتِّعلىِّأن‪:‬‬ ‫" كلِّمنِّكانِّمنِّاألطباا ِّأوِّالجاراحينِّأوِّالصايادلةِّأوِّالقوابالِّأوِّمياردعِّمودعااِّإلياهِّبمقت ضىِّ‬ ‫صناعتهِّأوِّوظيفتهِّسرِّخصوصيِّائتمنِّعليهِّفأفشاهِّ فيِّميارِّاأل حوا ِّال تيِّيلز مه القاانونِّفي هاِّ‬ ‫بذلكِّيعاقب بالحبس مدة ال تزيد على ستة شهور أو بغرامة ال تتجاوز خمسمائة جنيه مصري‪.‬‬ Definition of the professional secrecy All information and facts that the doctor knew about his patient is considered personal secret, and the doctor has no right to disclose it to another person, even if it is a brother, husband or wife. Preserving the privacy of patients is a red line that cannot be crossed under any consideration except in specific areas stipulated by the law, and in a way that does not leave a wide room for individual jurisprudence. Article 310 of the Penal Code stipulates: “Whoever among the physicians, surgeons, pharmacists, midwives, or others is entrusted with him by virtue of his industry or position of a private secret entrusted to him and he discloses it in other than the cases in which the law requires him to do so shall be punished with imprisonment for a period not exceeding six months Or a fine not exceeding five hundred Egyptian pounds.  ‫أربعة أركان عند ثبوتها تقوم جريمة إفشاء السر وهى‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -1‬فعل اإلفشاء‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬أن يكون ما تم إفشاؤه سرا‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬أن يقع ذلك من طبيب أو من في حكمه‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -4‬أن يتوافر لديه القصد الجنائي‪.‬‬ ‫يثبت الركن األخير بأن تتجه إرادة المتهم )الطبيب( إلى الفعل الذي يمكن به الغير من أن يعلع بالواقعة‪.‬‬ Four pillars, when proven, the crime of divulging the secret occurs, and they are: 1- The act of disclosure. 2- That what was disclosed was a secret. 3- That it be done by a doctor or his equivalent. 4- To have the criminal intent. The last pillar is proven that the will of the accused (the doctor) is directed to an action by which a third party could be aware of the incident.  ‫إفشاء سر المهنة‬ ‫ إفشا سر المهنة يتضمن كذلك اإلدالء بمعلومات عن المريض بطريق النفي مثل كتابة‬ ‫شهادة بخلو المريض من األمراض دون إذن منه‪.‬‬ ‫ كذلك إفشا جزء من السر مثل ذكر دخو المريض إلى المستشفى‪ ،‬أو ذكر اإلسع في‬ ‫حاالت اإلصابة باألمراض السرية أو اإلجهاض والوالدات السفاح‪.‬‬ ‫ كذلك مناقشة الطبيب لحالة المريض مع زميل له يعتبر إفشا لسر المريض ومير مسموح‬ ‫له بذلك إال بعد حصوله على إذن من المريض بذلك‪.‬‬ Breach of Confidentiality Disclosure of the professional secrecy also includes providing information about the patient by way of negativity, such as writing a certificate that the patient is free of diseases without his permission. As well as divulging part of the secret, such as mentioning the patient’s admission to the hospital, or mentioning the name in cases of clandestine illnesses, abortions and incest births. Likewise, the doctor’s discussion of the patient’s condition with a colleague is considered disclosure of the patient’s confidentiality, and he is not allowed to do so without obtaining permission from the patient to do so.  ‫إفشاء سر المهنة‬ ‫وتطبيقا على ذلك‪:‬‬ ‫ فإن الطبيب الذي يدون أسرار مريضه في ورقة ثع يتركها إهماال في مكان تتعرض فيه‬ ‫ألنظار الغير فيطلع عليها شخص‪ ،‬دذا الطبيب ال يرتكب جريمة إفشاء األسرار وإنما‬ ‫يجب عليه عدم اإلدما في الحفاظ على المعلومات الخاصة بمرضاه‪.‬‬ ‫ وال يجوز لطبيب شركة التأمين أن يدلى بمعلومات عن الحالة الصحية لشخص قد أطلع‬ ‫عليها خارج نطاق العمل بالشركة‪.‬‬ Breach of Confidentiality In implementation of this: The doctor who writes his patient’s secrets on a piece of paper and then leaves them negligently in a place where they are exposed to the gaze of others and someone pertains to them. This doctor does not commit the crime of divulging secrets, but he must not neglect to preserve the information of his patients. It is not permissible for the doctor of the insurance company to give information about the health status of a person who has seen it outside the scope of work for the company.  ‫الحاالت التي يسمح فيها للطبيب بإفشاء سر المهنة‬ ‫‪ -1‬بنا ِّاا على طلب المريض ودذا حق شخصي للمريض نفسه وال يصبح حقا لورثته بعد وفاته‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -2‬إذا كان في ذلك فائدة تعود على المريض نفسه ويجب أن يكون اإلفشا في دذه الحالة ألقاربه‬ ‫فقط بهدف إرشاددع لعالج حالته العالج المناسب كما في حالة مرضى األمراض العقلية‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬في حالة دفاع الطبيب عن نفسه ضد اتهامه بالتقصير أو الخطأ أو اإلدما وكذلك في حالة لجو‬ ‫الطبيب للقضا الستيفا أجره عن العالج الذي لع يسدده المريض‪ ،‬وفى دذه الحالة يسمح للطبيب‬ ‫بإفشا ما يراه من أسرار في حدود الغرض المطلوب ‪.‬‬ Conditions in which doctors can disclose the professional secrecy 1- Upon the patient’s request, this is a personal right for the patient himself and does not become a right for his inheritors after his death. 2- If there is a benefit in that to the patient himself, and disclosure in this case must be to his relatives only with the aim of guiding them to treat his condition with appropriate treatment, as in the case of mentally ill patients. 3- In the event that the doctor defends himself against his accusation of negligence, error or negligence, as well as in the case of the doctor resorting to the judiciary to collect his fee for treatment that the patient has not paid, and in this case the doctor is allowed to divulge what he sees of secrets within the limits of the required purpose.  ‫الحاالت التي يسمح فيها للطبيب بإفشاء سر المهنة‬ ‫‪ -4‬في حالة األمراض المعدية يسمح للطبيب بالتبليغ إلى أقرب مكتب صحة أو وحدة وقائية‪.‬واألمراض‬ ‫المعدية التي يجب اإلبالغ عنها دي‪ :‬الكوليرا‪ -‬كورونا‪ -‬الطاعون‪ -‬التيفود‪ -‬الحمي الصفراء‪ -‬االلتهاب‬ ‫السحائي‪ -‬الديفتيريا‪ -‬التيتانوس‪ -‬داء الكلب‪ -‬الجزام‪ -‬السيالن‪ -‬اإليدز‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬التبليغ عن الوفيات والمواليد للسلطات الصحية‪ ،‬يكون التبليغ عن الوالدة من واجبات الطبيب عند غياب‬ ‫الوالد وأقارب الزوجة‪ ،‬وعند االشتباه في حدوث وفاة غير طبيعية‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -6‬عندما يقوم الطبيب بوظيفة خبير أمام المحاكم‪ ،‬له أن يذكر للمحكمة كل المعلومات والحقائق التي علمها عن‬ ‫دذا المريض وذلك بعد حصوله على موافقة المريض على الفحص بغرض إعداد تقرير يقدم للمحكمة‪.‬‬ Conditions in which doctors can disclose the professional secrecy 4- In the case of contagious diseases, the doctor is allowed to report to the nearest health office or preventive unit. The infectious diseases that need to be reported are: Cholera- Corona - Plague - typhoid - yellow fever - meningitis Diphtheria - tetanus - rabies - leprosy Gonorrhea – AIDS. 5- Reporting deaths and births to the health authorities. Notification of childbirth is one of the duties of the doctor in the absence of the father and the wife’s relatives, and when an abnormal death is suspected. 6- When the doctor performs the function of an expert before the courts, he may mention to the court all the information and facts that he knows about this patient, after obtaining the patient’s consent for the examination in order to prepare a report to be submitted to the court.  ‫الحاالت التي يسمح فيها للطبيب بإفشاء سر المهنة‬ ‫‪ -7‬يجوز للطبيب أن يذكر المالحظات الطبية عن مريضه في الكتب والمجالت العلمية وأمام الهيئات الطبية‪،‬‬ ‫دون أن يشير إلى المريض بطريقة توصل إلى معرفته وإال أعتبر ذلك إفشا لسر المهنة‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬التبليغ عن الجرائم ودو واجب قانوني على كل مواطن في حالة الجرائع التي علع الطبيب أنه من المتوقع‬ ‫حدوثها والتي وقعت فعالا‪ ،‬كما يجوز للطبيب اإلخبار عن أوكار ترويج المخدرات وتجارتها ودور البغا ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -9‬التبليغ عن األمراض المهنية‪ :‬التي تظهر بين العما وحاالت الوفاة الناشئة عنها إلى الجهة اإلدارية‬ ‫المختصة وصاحب العمل والسلطات الصحية ونقابة األطبا ‪.‬‬ Conditions in which doctors can disclose the professional secrecy 7 - The doctor may mention the medical notes about his patient in books and scientific journals and before the medical bodies, without referring to the patient in a way that leads to his knowledge, otherwise I would consider that as a disclosure of the professional secrecy 8- Reporting crimes, and it is a legal duty for every citizen in the case of crimes that the doctor knew that they are expected to take place and that have actually occurred. The doctor may also inform the dens of drug promotion, trade and prostitution. 9- Notification of occupational diseases that appear among workers and deaths arising from them to the competent administrative authority, the employer, the health authorities and the Medical Association.  ‫‪Quiz‬‬ ‫توجه أحد المواطنين إلى الطبيب النفسي بعد أن علم بأن زوجته تقوم بتلقي العالج والمتابعة مع‬ ‫الطبيب طالبا منه تقرير بالحالة النفسية لزوجته‪ ،‬وعندما رفض الطبيب تقدم المواطن بشكوى ضده‬ ‫في النقابة‪.‬ما موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫‪.A‬الطبيب غير مخطئ حيث إنه سر من أسرار مرضاه ال يحق ألحد اإلطالع عليه‪.‬‬ ‫‪.B‬الطبيب مخطئ حيث إنه زوج المريضة ويحق له معرفة حالتها‪.‬‬ ‫‪.C‬الطبيب مخطئ حيث إن عدم اإلدالء لزوجها بحالتها قد يؤدي إلى ضرر لمريضته‪.‬‬ ‫‪.D‬الزوج له قرابة من الدرجة األولى للمريضة ويحق له معرفة المرض من الطبيب مباشرة‪.‬‬  Quiz A citizen went to the psychiatrist after learning that his wife was receiving treatment and follow-up with the doctor. He asked him to report on his wife’s psychological condition. When the doctor refused, the citizen made a complaint against him in the Syndicate, what is the doctor’s position? A. The doctor is not at fault, as it is one of his patients' secrets that no one has the right to see. B. The doctor is wrong as he is the patient's husband and has the right to know her condition. C. The doctor is wrong, as failure to inform her husband of the condition may lead to harm to his patient. D. The husband has a first-degree relationship to the patient and is entitled to know the disease directly from the doctor.  ‫‪Quiz‬‬ ‫أثناء قيام إحدى العامالت بترتيب مكتب الطبيب‪ ،‬قامت باإلطالع على دفتر الطبيب الذي يقوم‬ ‫فيه بتسجيل مرضاه وحاالتهم المرضية‪ ،‬وتعرفت على إحدى المريضات من اسمها وقامت‬ ‫بإبالغ أهل المريضة بحالتها‪.‬مما أدى إلى أان تقوم المريضة بشكوى الطبيب بتهمة افشاء‬ ‫السر‪.‬ما موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫‪.A‬الطبيب مخطئ وأركان جريمة اإلفشاء مكتملة‪.‬‬ ‫‪.B‬الطبيب مخطئ ويجب ان يعاقب‪.‬‬ ‫‪.C‬الطبيب مهمل وهذا خطأ منه ومن مساعدة الطبيب (العاملة) حيث أنها هي من قامت‬ ‫باإلفشاء‪.‬‬ ‫‪.D‬الطبيب غير مخطئ وال يتم اتهامه او معاقبته بشئ‪.‬‬  Quiz While one of the workers was arranging the doctor’s office, she looked at the doctor’s notebook in which he registered his patients and their illnesses, and she recognized one of the patients by her name and informed the patient’s family of her condition. Which led to the patient to complain to the doctor on the charge of divulging the secret. What is the doctor's position? A. The doctor is wrong and the elements of the crime of disclosure are complete. B. The doctor is wrong, and should be punished C. The doctor is careless, and this is a mistake of (the worker), as she was the one who disclosed. D. The doctor is not at fault and is not accused or punished with anything. Revision The compound word "Cardiovascular" means: A. Heart blood vessels. B. Related to heart. C. Related to blood vessels. D. Related to area around the heart. The compound word "Urogenital" means: A. Pertaining to the genital system. B. Pertaining to the ureter. C. Pertaining to the undescended testicles. D. Pertaining to the urinary and reproductive system. The epigastric region located: A. Above the stomach. B. Below the stomach. C. On the umbilicus. D. Near the ribs. The pleural form from the word "Appendix" is: A. Appendices. B. Appendicoma. C. Appendixae. D. Appendicomata. The pleural form from word "gingiva" is : A. Gingivas. B. Gingivae. C. Gingivces. D. Gingivoma. The prefix is ---------------- A. The fundamental unit of the medical word. B. Short word added at the end of the medical word. C. Short word added before the medical word. D. Short word added in the mid of the medical word. The root "cervico" means: A. Head. B. Neck. C. Chest. D. Abdomen. E. Abdominal wall. The root is -------------- A. The fundamental unit of the medical word. B. Short word added at the end of the medical word. C. Short word added before the medical word. D. Short word added in the mid of the medical word. The word "Thrombosis" means: A. Condition of blood hemolysis. B. Condition of blood clot. C. Condition of blood infection. D. Condition of decrease the blood parameters. The prefix is ---------------- A. The fundamental unit of the medical word. B. Short word added at the end of the medical word. C. Short word added before the medical word. D. Short word added in the mid of the medical word. The word "Geriatrics" means: A. Study and treatments of infants. B. Study and treatment of old people. C. Study and treatment of adult patients. D. Study and treatment of females. The word "myel" is: A. A root. B. Suffix. C. Prefix. D. Non is correct. The word "Orthopedics" means: A. Study and treatment of liver. B. Study and treatment of bone. C. Study and treatment of sclera. D. Study and treatment of genital system. The word "Parasitism" means: A. Impaired control of infection with bacteria. B. Impaired control of infection with flies. C. Impaired control of infection with parasites. D. Impaired control of infection in brain. The prefix "sub" means: A. Around. B. In/ within. C. On/ over. D. Outside. E. Below. ‫ذهببب مببريض يعبباني مببن السببمنة وارتفبباع ضببغط الببدم الببي طبيببب ببباطني قببام الطبيببب‬ ‫بفحصه ثم قام الطبيبب بوفبف عبالر ارتفباع ضبغط البدم ثبم قبام باعطائبه مجموعبة مبن‬ ‫األعشاب الطبية مجهولة المصدر والتي يبيعها في عيادته‪.‬تسببت األعشباب فبي افبابة‬ ‫المريض باالسهال والترجيع وهبوط فبي ضبغط البدم ممبا أدى إلبى ذهاببه للطبوار ‪.‬قبدم‬ ‫المريض شكوى ضد الطبيب‪.‬ما هو موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ ألنه نصح المريض وليس له عالقة بالنتائج‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ‪ ،‬ودوره هو التشخيص وتقديم العالج‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬أخطأ الطبيب ألنه يبيع في عيادته أعشاب مجهولة المصدر ويروج لها‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬أخطأ الطبيب ألنه أخطأ في تشخيص المرض‪.‬‬ ‫توجببه أحببد المببواطنين المصببابين بجببرر طعنببي خطيبر إلببى الطبيببب وطلببب منببه أن‬ ‫يعالجببه دون أن يخبببر أحببد قببام الطبيببب بعالجببه ولكنببه أبلببغ السببلطات المختصببة‬ ‫باألمر ما موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ حيث إنه سر من أسرار مرضاه ال يحق ألحد اإلطالع عليه‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ حيث إنها حالة مشتبه بها ويجب إبالغ السلطات‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ حيث إن إبالغه قد يؤدي إلى ضرر مريضه‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ ألن من حقه افشاء أي سر‪.‬‬ ‫عقببد أحببد األطبباء عقببدا مبع إحببدى المعامببل الطبيببة أن يحببول إليهببا الحبباالت مقاببل‬ ‫نسبة من التحاليل التي يجريها كل مريض‪.‬كيف ترى موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الطبيب ليس مخطئاً‪ ،‬حيث يحق له التعامل مع أي جهة طبية‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ حيث ال يحق له قانونا توجيه المريض للتعامل مع أي جهة مقابل ربح‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬الطبيب ليس مخطئاً‪ ،‬حيث من واجبه أن يوجه المريض كيفما يشاء‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ ألنه يفضل إحدى المعامل الطبية على األخرى‪.‬‬ ‫توجه أحد المواطنين إلى الطبيب النفسي بعببد علمبه بببأن زوجتببه تقبوم بتلقبي العببالر‬ ‫والمتابعة مع الطبيب عقب قيامها بمحاولة انتحببار‪.‬طالببا منبه معرفبة كاملبة بالحالببة‬ ‫النفسية لزوجته وتأكده أنها تعاني من مرض خطير يؤثر على حياتها وعندما رفض‬ ‫الطبيب تقدم المواطن بشكوى ضده في النقابة ما موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ حيث إنه سر من أسرار مرضاه ال يحق ألحد اإلطالع عليه‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ حيث إنه زوج المريضة ويحق له معرفة حالتها‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ حيث إن عدم اإلدالء لزوجها بحالتها قد يؤدي الي ضرر لمريضته‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬الزوج له قرابة من الدرجة األولى للمريضة ويحق له معرفة المرض من الطبيب مباشرة‪.‬‬ ‫نتيجببة تعرضببه‬ ‫وفببل سببائق سببيارة نقببل فببي سببيارة إسببعاا إلببى مستشببفى خببا‬ ‫لحادث سبير رفبض قسبم االسببتقبال اسبتقبال المبريض ألنببه فقيبر ونصببحت بنقلبه‬ ‫للمستشفى الجامعي ما هو موقف المستشفى؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬المستشفى غير مخطئ ألن المريض ال يملك المال‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬المستشفى مخطئ ألن رفض حالة الطوارئ يعاقب عليه القانون‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬المستشفى غير مخطئ ألن هناك مستشفيات جامعية تعالج بالمجان‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬المستشفى مخطئ ألنها تملك تجهيزات كافية‪.‬‬ ‫تم استدعاء طبيب للشهادة في جريمة قتل قام بها أحد المرضى الذين يترددون‬ ‫على عيادته قام الطبيب بالشهادة والرد على أسئلة المحكمة تم تبرئة المتهم‬ ‫بعد فترة فقام بشكوى الطبيب في النقابة ما موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ ألن ذلك يعتبر افشاء أسرار المريض‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ ألنه تم تبرئة المريض‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ ألن هذا استدعاء من المحكمة‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ ألن من حقه افشاء أي أسرار‪.‬‬ ‫في إحدى البرامج التي استضافت طبيب تجميل قام بالتحدث عن أ حد انجازا ته‬ ‫وأنه قام بعملية فعبة لعالر أحد المرضى ثم قام بعرض فور عن الحالة دون‬ ‫اخفبباء تفافببيل التعببرا عليهببا عنببدما رأت المريضببة البرنببامج توجهببت إلببى‬ ‫النقابة لشكوى الطبيب ما موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ ألن ليس من حقه افشاء أسرار المريض دون إذنه‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ ألن من حقه التحدث على انجازاته‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪ -‬الطبيب مخطئ ألنه ظهر في البرامج التلفزيونية‪.‬‬ ‫د‪ -‬الطبيب غير مخطئ ألنه لم يتحدث بصفة مباشرة على المريضة‪.‬‬ Thank you for your attention Duties of doctors towards Patients – Colleagues- Community- Profession Dr. Fatma Nada Assistant Professor of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology  OBJECTIVES Reflect on the relationships among moral, professional, and legal obligations of physicians, including those involving honesty, and respect for patient well-being, autonomy, dignity and confidentiality. Demonstrate the regulations that govern the conduct of the medical practitioner towards his colleagues. Medical ethics is a path illuminated by principles to guide members of the medical profession in their dealings with each other. Doctor to Others Relation  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو الزم"ء‬ Duties of the Physician Towards the Colleagues  Respect Cooperation Doctor- Responsibility doctor Relation Trust Physicians should treat each other with due deference, respect and loyalty: The WMA Declaration of Geneva includes the pledge, “My colleagues will be my sisters and brothers.” Respect A physician should take care not to criticize colleagues and collaborators when speaking to patients and their relatives, but must always keep the patient's interests in view. Besides positive requirements to treat one’s colleagues respectfully and to work cooperatively to maximize patient care. The WMA International Code of Medical Ethics contains restrictions on physicians’ relationships with one another: 1.Paying or receiving any fee or any other consideration solely to procure the referral of a patient except for needed investigations. 2.Stealing patients from colleagues. 3.Asking for percentage of fees for referral to other colleagues is misconduct (Dichotomy). Practice with regard to referrals must not be governed by personal financial interests. Cooperation Physicians will share their scientific knowledge for the benefit of patients. Medicine is highly complex and specialized, thus requiring close cooperation among practitioners with different but complementary knowledge and skills. For example, a patient who is being treated by more than one physician, which is usually the case in a hospital, should, wherever possible, have one physician coordinating the care who can keep the patient informed about his or her overall progress and help the patient make decisions.  ‫في حالة اشتراك أكثر من طبيب في ع"ج‬ ‫‪:‬مريض‬ ‫أ‪ g.‬يجوز للط‪8‬بيب فح‪8‬ص أ‪8‬و ع‪U‬ج مري‪8‬ض يعالج‪8‬ه زمي‪8‬ل ل‪8‬ه ف‪/‬ي مس‪/‬تشفى إ‪ J‬إذا اس‪/‬تدعاه‬ ‫لذلك الطبيب المعالج أو إدارة المستشفى‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪.‬يجوز للمري‪8‬ض أ‪8‬و أهل‪8‬ه دعوة ط‪/‬بيب آخ‪/‬ر أ‪/‬و أكث‪/‬ر عل‪8‬ى س‪8‬بيل ا‪g‬س‪8‬تشارة بع‪/‬د إع‪q‬م‬ ‫الط‪//‬بيب المعال‪//‬ج ويجوز للط‪//‬بيب ا‪J‬عتذار ع‪//‬ن اس‪//‬تمرار ع‪q‬ج الحال‪//‬ة إذا أص‪//‬ر‬ ‫المريض أو أهله على استشارة من ‪ J‬يقبله بدون إبداء ا|سباب‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪.‬إذا رف‪8‬ض الط‪8‬بيب المعال‪8‬ج القيام بع‪q‬ج المري‪/‬ض وفق‪/‬ا لم‪/‬ا قرره ا|طباء المس‪/‬تشارون‬ ‫فيجوز له أن ينسحب تاركا مباشرة ع‪U‬جه ~حد هؤ‪g‬ء ا~طباء المستشارين‪.‬‬ If more than one physician participate in the treatment of a patient: A. The physician may not examine nor treat a patient who is being treated by a colleague of his in a hospital except if he is called to do so by the treating physician or the management of the hospital. B. The patient or his family may invite another physician or more for consultation after notifying the treating physician. The physician may apologize for not continuing to treat the case if the patient or his family insist on consulting someone whom he does not accept without expressing the reasons. C. If the treating physician refuses to treat the patient pursuant to what is decided by the consultant physicians, he may withdraw leaving the assumption of his treatment to one of those consultant physicians. Responsibility Not only are they responsible for maintaining the good reputation of the profession, but they are often the only ones who recognize incompetence, impairment or misconduct. The WMA International Code of Medical Ethics states: “a physician shall strive to expose those physicians deficient in character or competence, or who engage in fraud or deception.” However, reporting colleagues to the disciplinary authority should normally be a last resort after other alternatives have been tried. Responsibility First step  approach the colleague and say that you consider his/her behavior unsafe or unethical. Second step  discuss the matter with your and/or the offender’s supervisor and leave the decision about further action to that person. Third step  informing the disciplinary authority.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو الزم"ء‬ ‫ ‪ J‬يجوز للط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يقل‪/‬ل م‪/‬ن قدرات زم‪q‬ئ‪/‬ه وإذا كان هناك م‪/‬ا يس‪/‬تدعى انتقاد زمي‪8‬ل‬ ‫له مهنيا فيكون ذلك ‪-‬أمام لجنة علمية محايدة‪.‬‬ ‫ إذا ح‪8‬ل ط‪8‬بيب مح‪8‬ل زمي‪8‬ل ل‪8‬ه ف‪/‬ي عيادت‪/‬ه بص‪/‬فة مؤقت‪/‬ة‪ ،‬فعلي‪/‬ه أ‪ J‬يحاول اس‪/‬تغ‪q‬ل هذا‬ ‫الوض‪/‬ع لص‪/‬الحه ‪-‬الشخص‪/‬ي كم‪/‬ا يج‪/‬ب علي‪/‬ه إب‪U‬غ المري‪8‬ض قب‪/‬ل بدء الفح‪/‬ص بص‪/‬فته‬ ‫وأنه يحل محل الطبيب صاحب العيادة بصفة مؤقتة‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Colleagues The physician shall not be allowed to diminish the capabilities of his colleagues, and if there was something which necessitated the criticism of his colleague professionally this is to be carried out before a neutral scientific committee. If a doctor temporarily replaces a colleague in his clinic, he must not attempt to exploit this situation to his personal advantage and must inform the patient before the examination begins and that he temporarily replaces the doctor who owns the clinic.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو الزم"ء‬ ‫ عل‪//‬ى الط‪//‬بيب تس‪88‬وية أ‪88‬ي خ‪U‬ف ق‪//‬د ينش‪//‬أ بين‪//‬ه وبي‪//‬ن أح‪//‬د زم‪q‬ئ‪//‬ه بس‪//‬بب المهن‪//‬ة‬ ‫بالطرق الودي‪88‬ة فإذا ل‪//‬م يس‪//‬و ‪-‬الخ‪q‬ف يبل‪88‬غ ا~م‪88‬ر إل‪//‬ى مجل‪//‬س النقاب‪88‬ة الفرعي‪88‬ة‬ ‫المختص‪/‬ة للفص‪/‬ل في‪/‬ه بقرار يص‪/‬در م‪/‬ن مجل‪/‬س النقاب‪/‬ة الفرعي‪/‬ة‪ ،‬وف‪/‬ى حال‪8‬ة تظل‪8‬م أح‪/‬د‬ ‫الطرفين من القرار يعرض ا|مر على مجلس النقابة العامة‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ g‬يجوز للط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يس‪8‬عى لمزاحم‪8‬ة زمي‪8‬ل ل‪/‬ه بطريق‪/‬ة غي‪/‬ر كريم‪/‬ة ف‪/‬ي أ‪/‬ي عم‪/‬ل‬ ‫متعلق بالمهنة أو ع‪U‬ج ‪-‬مريض‪.‬‬ Duties of the Physician Towards the Colleagues It shall be imperative upon the physician to settle any dispute that may arise between him and one of his colleagues as a result of the profession, amicably. If the dispute is not settled, the matter shall be reported to the council of the subsidiary syndicate to resolve it by a decision issued by the council of the subsidiary syndicate. If either party complains of the decision, the matter shall be put forward before the council of the general syndicate. The physician may not seek to compete with one of his colleagues in a dishonorable way in any work related to the profession or the treatment of a patient.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ ‫ عل‪/‬ى الط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يبذل ك‪8‬ل م‪8‬ا ف‪8‬ي وس‪8‬عه لع‪q‬ج مرضاه وأ‪/‬ن يعم‪/‬ل عل‪/‬ى تخفي‪/‬ف آ‪J‬مه‪/‬م وأ‪/‬ن‬ ‫يس‪/‬اوى بينه‪/‬م ف‪/‬ي الرعاي‪/‬ة دون تميي‪8‬ز ويوف‪/‬ر لمريض‪/‬ه المعلومات المتعلق‪/‬ة بحالت‪/‬ه المرضي‪/‬ة‬ ‫بطريقة مبسطة ومفهومة‪.‬‬ ‫ ويجوز للط‪/‬بيب |س‪/‬باب إنس‪/‬انية عدم إط‪q‬ع المري‪/‬ض عل‪/‬ى عواق‪8‬ب المرض الخطيرة وف‪/‬ى‬ ‫هذه الحال‪/‬ة علي‪/‬ه أ‪8‬ن يخ‪8‬بر أه‪8‬ل المري‪8‬ض بطريق‪8‬ة إنس‪8‬انية ‪g‬ئق‪8‬ة خطورة المرض وعواقب‪/‬ه‬ ‫الخطيرة إ‪ J‬إذا أبدى المري‪/‬ض رغبت‪/‬ه ف‪/‬ي عدم إط‪q‬ع أح‪/‬د عل‪/‬ى حالت‪/‬ه أ‪/‬و حدد أشخاص‪/‬ا‬ ‫معينين ™ط‪q‬عهم عليها ولم تكن هناك خطورة على من حوله‪.‬‬ ‫ عل‪/‬ى الط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يلتزم بحدود مهارات‪8‬ه المهني‪8‬ة وأ‪/‬ن يس‪8‬تعين بخ‪8‬برة م‪8‬ن ه‪8‬م أكف‪8‬أ من‪/‬ه م‪/‬ن‬ ‫ا‪J‬طباء‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients It shall be imperative upon the physician to exert his best effort for the treatment of his patients, to seek alleviating their pains, to provide them with equal care without discrimination, and to provide his patient with information about his medical condition in a simplified and understandable manner. For humanitarian reasons, the physician may not inform the patient of the serious consequences of the disease, in which case he must terminate to the patient's family in a humane and decent manner the seriousness of the disease and its serious consequences, unless the patient expresses his desire not to inform anyone of his condition or designates certain persons to inform them of it and there is no danger to those around him. The physician must adhere to the limits of his professional skills and seek the expertise of those who are more qualified than him from physicians.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ ‫على الطبيب أن يراعى ما‬ ‫ ‬ ‫يلي‪:‬‬ ‫عدم المغا‪g‬ة في تقدير أتعابه وأن يقدر حالة المريض المالية وا‪g‬جتماعية‪.‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪.‬أ‪/‬ن يلتزم با~دوي‪8‬ة الضروري‪8‬ة م‪/‬ع مراعاة أ‪/‬ن تكون ا|ولوي‪/‬ة للدواء الوطن‪/‬ي وا|ق‪/‬ل س‪/‬عرا ً‬ ‫بشرط الفاعلي‪88‬ة وا~مان وأ‪//‬ن يقتص‪//‬ر عل‪//‬ى طل‪//‬ب التحالي‪//‬ل المعملي‪//‬ة أ‪//‬و وس‪88‬ائل‬ ‫التشخيص الضرورية‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪.‬في الحا‪J‬ت غير الطارئة يجوز للطبيب ا‪g‬عتذار عن ع‪q‬ج أي مريض‪.‬‬ ‫إذا م‪/‬ا ك‪/‬ف ط‪/‬بيب ع‪/‬ن ع‪q‬ج أح‪/‬د مرضاه |‪/‬ي س‪/‬بب م‪/‬ن ا|س‪/‬باب فيج‪/‬ب علي‪/‬ه أ‪/‬ن يدل‪/‬ى‬ ‫د‪.‬‬ ‫للط‪/‬بيب الذي ‪ -‬يح‪/‬ل محل‪/‬ه بالمعلومات الص‪88‬حيحة الت‪/‬ي يعتق‪/‬د أنه‪/‬ا ‪J‬زم‪/‬ة ‪J‬س‪88‬تمرار‬ ‫الع‪U‬ج كتابة أو شفاهه‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients The physician must consider the following: A. Not to overestimate his fees and to consider the financial and social condition of the patient. B. To comply with the necessary drugs, taking into consideration that the priority would be to the national and less price drug, provided that it is effective and safe. Confine to request laboratory tests or the necessary diagnostic methods. C. In non-emergency cases the physician may apologize for not treating any patient. D. If a physician ceases to treat one of his patients for any reason, he must provide the physician who replaces him with the correct information that he believes is necessary for the continuation of the treatment in writing or orally.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ ‫ على الطبيب أن ينبه المريض ومرافقيه إلى اتخاذ أسباب الوقاية ويرشدهم إليها ويحذرهم‬ ‫مم‪/‬ا يمك‪/‬ن ‪ -‬أ‪/‬ن يترت‪/‬ب عل‪/‬ى عدم مراعاته‪/‬ا‪ ،‬ويجوز ل‪/‬ه طل‪/‬ب توقيعه‪/‬م عل‪/‬ى إقرار كتاب‪8‬ي‬ ‫منهم بمعرفتهم بذلك في بعض الحا‪J‬ت التي تستدعى ذلك‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ J‬يجوز للط‪//‬بيب إجراء الفح‪88‬ص الط‪88‬بي للمري‪88‬ض أ‪88‬و ع‪U‬ج‪88‬ه دون موافق‪88‬ة (مبني‪//‬ة عل‪//‬ى‬ ‫المعرف‪/‬ة) م‪/‬ن ‪-‬المري‪/‬ض أ‪/‬و م‪/‬ن ينوب عن‪/‬ه قانون‪/‬ا إذا ل‪/‬م يك‪/‬ن المري‪/‬ض أه‪ ًq‬لذل‪/‬ك‪ ،‬ويعت‪/‬بر‬ ‫ذهاب المريض إلى الطبيب في مكان عمله موافقة ضمنية على ذلك‪.‬‬ ‫ وف‪/‬ى حا‪J‬ت التدخ‪8‬ل الجراح‪8‬ي أ‪8‬و شب‪8‬ه الجراح‪8‬ي يلزم الحص‪/‬ول عل‪/‬ى موافق‪8‬ة (مبني‪/‬ة عل‪/‬ى‬ ‫المعرفة) من المريض أو من ينوب عنه قانونا كتابة إ‪ J‬في دواعي إنقاذ الحياة‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients It shall be imperative upon the physician to draw the attention of the patient and his companions to take the means of protection, to guide them thereto and to warn them of the consequences of not observing them. He may request their signature on a written declaration from them to the effect of knowing the foregoing in some cases which necessitate so. The physician may not carry out the medical examination or treatment of the patient without a consent )built on knowledge( from the patient or whoever legally acts on his behalf if he was not fit to do so. The visit of the patient to the physician at his workplace is considered an implicit consent to the foregoing. In case of surgical or semi-surgical intervention a consent )built on the knowledge( must be obtained from the patient or whoever acts on his behalf in writing except for life-saving cases.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ ‫ عل"ى الط"بيب الذي يدع"ى لعيادة قاص"ر أ"و ناق"ص ا‪,‬هلي"ة أ"و مري"ض‬ ‫فاق""د الوع""ي ف""ي حال*ة خطرة أ""ن ‪ -‬يبذل م""ا ف""ي متناول يدي""ه‬ ‫‪S‬نقاذه ول*و تعذر علي*ه الحص""ول ف""ي الوق""ت المناس""ب عل""ى‬ ‫الموافق"ة (المبني"ة عل"ى المعرف"ة) م"ن ولي"ه أ"و الوص"ي أ"و القي"م عليه‪.‬‬ ‫كم"ا يج"ب علي"ه أ‪ U‬يتنح*ى ع*ن ع"ج*ه إ‪ S‬إذا زال الخط"ر أ"و إذا‬ ‫عهد بالمريض إلى طبيب آخر‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ S‬يجوز للط""بيب إجراء عملي**ة ا‪S‬جهاض إ‪ U‬لدواع**ي طبي**ة‬ ‫تهدد ص**حة ا[**م ويكون ذل"""ك بشهادة كتابي"""ة ‪-‬م"""ن طبي"""بين‬ ‫متخص"صين‪ ،‬وف"ى الحا‪S‬ت العاجل"ة الت"ي تت"م فيه"ا العملي"ة لدواع*ي‬ ‫إنقاذ الحياة يج"ب عل"ى الط"بيب المعال"ج تحري"ر تقري"ر مفص"ل ع"ن‬ ‫الحالة يرفق بتذكرة الع‪g‬ج‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ U‬يجوز للط***بيب المخت***ص رف***ض ع‪g‬ج المري"""ض إذا ت"""م‬ ‫اس""تدعاؤه للقيام بذل""ك م""ن قب""ل ط""بيب عام ول**م يك**ن هناك‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients The physician who is called to treat a minor, an incapacitated person or an unconscious patient who is in a dangerous condition must exert his best effort to save him even if it was not possible to obtain a consent )built on knowledge( in the right time from his guardian, curator or custodian. He must also not retire from his treatment except if the danger ceases to exist or if the patient was entrusted to another physician. The physician may not perform an abortion operation except for medical reasons that threaten the health of the mother. This shall be carried out by a written certificate from two specialists. In emergency cases in which the operation is performed to save life, the treating physician must draw up a detailed report on the case to be enclosed with the treatment card. The specialist physician may not reject the treatment of a patient if he was called to do so by a general practitioner and there was no other specialist physician.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ ‫ ‪ J‬يجوز للط‪/‬بيب إفشاء أس‪8‬رار مريض‪8‬ه الت‪/‬ي أطل‪/‬ع عليه‪/‬ا بحك‪/‬م مهنت‪/‬ه‪ ،‬إ‪ g‬إذا كان ذل‪/‬ك‬ ‫بناء عل‪/‬ى قرار قضائ‪8‬ي ‪ ،‬ف‪/‬ي حال‪/‬ة احتمال حدوث ضرر جس‪8‬يم ومؤك‪/‬د يص‪/‬يب الغي‪/‬ر أ‪/‬و‬ ‫في حا‪J‬ت أخرى يحددها القانون‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ J‬يجوز للطبيب استغ‪U‬ل صلته بالمريض وعائلته |غراض تتنافى مع كرامة المهنة‪.‬‬ ‫ إذا توف‪8‬ى المري‪8‬ض داخ‪8‬ل المنشأ‪8‬ة الطبي‪8‬ة الخاص‪8‬ة يقوم الط‪/‬بيب المس‪/‬ئول بإب‪q‬غ الجهات‬ ‫المختصة ‪-‬باعتباره مبلغا عن الوفاة‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients The physician shall not be allowed to disclose the secrets of his patient to which he had access by virtue of his job except if this was pursuant to a judicial decision, in case of the possibility of the occurrence of grave and certain harm afflicting third party or in other cases that are determined by the law. The physician may not exploit his relationship with the patient and his family for purposes that disagree with the dignity of the profession. If the patient dies inside the private medical facility, the physician in charge shall inform the competent authorities as the informer for the death.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ ‫ يج‪/‬ب عل‪/‬ى الط‪/‬بيب إب‪U‬غ الجهات المختص‪8‬ة ع‪/‬ن ا™ص‪/‬ابات والحوادث ذات الشبه‪8‬ة الجنائي‪8‬ة‬ ‫مث‪/‬ل حال‪/‬ة ا™ص‪/‬ابة بأعيرة ناري‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و جروح نافذة أ‪/‬و قطعي‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و غيره‪/‬ا م‪/‬ع كتاب‪/‬ة تقري‪8‬ر ط‪8‬بي‬ ‫مفصل ع‪/‬ن الحالة وق‪/‬ت عرضه‪/‬ا علي‪/‬ه ويمكن للطبيب دعوة زميل آخ‪8‬ر للمشارك‪/‬ة ف‪/‬ي مناظرة‬ ‫الحالة وكتابة التقرير‪.‬‬ ‫ للط‪/‬بيب إب‪U‬غ النياب‪8‬ة العام‪8‬ة ع‪8‬ن أ‪8‬ي اعتداء يق‪/‬ع علي‪/‬ه بس‪8‬بب أداء مهنت‪8‬ه وف‪/‬ى ذات الوق‪/‬ت‬ ‫علي‪/‬ه إب‪q‬غ ‪-‬نقابت‪8‬ه الفرعي‪8‬ة ف‪/‬ي أقرب فرص‪/‬ة حت‪/‬ى يمك‪/‬ن له‪/‬ا التدخ‪/‬ل ف‪/‬ي ا|م‪/‬ر متضامن‪/‬ة م‪/‬ع‬ ‫الطبيب‪.‬‬ ‫ يحظر على الطبيب إهدار الحياة بدعوى الشفقة أو الرحمة‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients The physician must inform the competent quarters of the injuries and accidents of criminal suspicions such as the case of injury by gunshot, cutting or stab wounds or others, together with writing a detailed medical report on the case at the time of being put forward before him. The physician may invite another colleague to participate in examining the case and writing the report. The physician may notify the Public Prosecution of any assault on him as a result of performing his profession. At the same time it shall be imperative upon him to notify his subsidiary syndicate as soon as possible in order that it can interfere in the matter jointly with the physician. A physician is prohibited from wasting a life under the pretext of compassion or mercy.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المرضى‬ ‫ عل‪8‬ى الط‪8‬بيب المكل‪8‬ف بالرعاي‪8‬ة الطبي‪8‬ة للمقيدة حريته‪8‬م أ‪8‬ن يوف‪8‬ر له‪8‬م رعاي‪8‬ة ص‪8‬حية م‪8‬ن نف‪8‬س‬ ‫النوعية والمستوى المتاحين لغير المقيدة حريتهم‪.‬ويحظر عليه‪:‬‬ ‫‪ -‬القيام بطريق‪/‬ة إيجابي‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و س‪/‬لبية بأي‪/‬ة أفعال تشك‪/‬ل مشارك‪/‬ة ف‪/‬ي علميات التعذي‪8‬ب وغيره‪/‬ا م‪/‬ن‬ ‫ضروب المعاملة القاسية أو ال‪q‬إنسانية أو التواطؤ أوالتحريض على هذه ا|فعال‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬وكذل‪/‬ك يحظ‪/‬ر علي‪/‬ه اس‪/‬تخدام معلومات‪/‬ه ومهارات‪/‬ه المهني‪/‬ة للمس‪/‬اعدة ف‪/‬ي اس‪8‬تجواب المقيدة‬ ‫حريتهم على نحو يضر بالصحة أو الحالة البدنية أو العقلية لهم‪،‬‬ ‫‪ -‬أ‪/‬و المشارك‪/‬ة ف‪/‬ي أ‪/‬ي إجراء لتقيي‪8‬د حرك‪8‬ة المقي‪/‬د حريته‪/‬م إ‪ J‬إذا تقرر ذل‪/‬ك وفق‪/‬ا لمعايي‪/‬ر طبي‪/‬ة‬ ‫محضة لحماية الصحة البدنية أو العقلية للمقيدة حريتهم‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Patients The physician entrusted with the medical care of those whose freedom is restricted must provide them with medical care of the same quality and standard available for those whose freedom is not restricted. He shall be prohibited from: - Carrying out positively or negatively any acts that constitute participation in the torture operations and other kinds of cruel or inhumane treatment nor collude or instigate these acts. - Using his professional skills and information to assist in questioning those whose freedom is restricted in a manner that harms their health, physical or mental condition, - Take part in any measure to restrict the movement of those whose freedom is restricted unless this is decided pursuant to pure medical criteria in order to protect their physical or mental health.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المجتمع‬ Duties of the Physician Towards the Community  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المجتمع‬ ‫ يلتزم الط‪/‬بيب ف‪/‬ي موق‪/‬ع عمل‪/‬ه الوظيف‪/‬ي أ‪/‬و الخاص بأ‪/‬ن يك‪/‬ون عمل‪/‬ه خالص‪/‬ا‬ ‫لمرضاة · ‪ 8‬وخدم‪88‬ة المجتم‪88‬ع يعي‪//‬ش في‪//‬ه بك‪//‬ل قدرات‪//‬ه وإم‪/‬كانات‪//‬ه ف‪//‬ي الس‪//‬لم‬ ‫والحرب وفي ك‪/‬ل الظروف‪.‬‬ ‫ عل‪//‬ى الط‪//‬بيب أ‪//‬ن يكون قدوة حس‪88‬نة ف‪//‬ي المجتم‪//‬ع با™لتزام بالمبادئ والمث‪//‬ل‬ ‫العلي‪//‬ا‪ ،‬مخلص‪//‬ا ف‪//‬ي حقوق الم‪/‬واطني‪//‬ن ف‪//‬ي الحص‪//‬ول عل‪//‬ى الرعاي‪//‬ة الطبي‪//‬ة‬ ‫الواجبة‪ ،‬وقبل كل أشكال استغ‪q‬ل م‪/‬رضاه أو زم‪q/‬ئه أو ت‪q‬م‪/‬يذه‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Community The physician shall comply with keeping his work at his office or private practice purely to please God and the service of the community in which he lives with all his capabilities and potentials in peace and in war, and in all circumstances. It shall be imperative upon the physician to be a good example in the community through his compliance with the principles and ideals, sincere in the rights of citizens in the obtainment of the due medical care, above all forms of exploitation of his patients, colleagues or students.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المجتمع‬ ‫ يج"ب عل"ى الط"بيب ا‪S‬شتراك ف"ي دراس"ة وس"ائل ح*ل مشاك*ل‬ ‫المجتم*ع الطبي*ة ودع"م دور النقاب"ة ف"ي توحي"د وتطوي"ر الس"ياسة‬ ‫الطبي""ة والنهوض به""ا بم""ا يحق""ق المص""لحة العام""ة والتعاون م""ع‬ ‫الجهات المختص""ة ف""ي الدول""ة فيم""ا يتعل""ق بال""بيانات المطلوب""ة‬ ‫ال‪g‬زمة لوضع الخطط والسياسات الصحية‪.‬‬ ‫ يجب على الطبيب إب"غ السلطات الطبية المختصة بأي اشتباه‬ ‫في وجود وباء حتى يتم اتخاذ التدابير الوقائية لحماية المجتمع‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ S‬يجوز للطبيب أن يعد تقريرا طبيا أو أن يشهد في أي أمر ‪U‬‬ ‫يدخل في اختصاصه أو يختلف عما توصل إليه من الفحص‬ ‫الشخصي للمريض‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Community It shall be imperative upon the physician to participate in studying the means of solving the medical problems of the community and to support the role of the syndicate in consolidating and developing the medical policy, advancing it for the public interest and to be cooperative with the competent bodies of the State as regards the data requested needed for laying down health plans and policies. It shall be imperative upon the physician to report to the competent medical authorities any suspicion of an epidemic so that the preventative measures for protecting the community would be taken. The physician may not draw up a medical report nor testify in any matter that is not in his specialization nor different from the fact which he reached from the personal examination of the patient.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫ ‪ U‬يجوز للط***بيب أ***ن يأت***ي عم" ً م***ن ا[عمال‬ ‫ا‪o‬تية‪:‬‬ ‫أ‪ J.‬يجوز للط‪/‬بيب تط‪8‬بيق طريق‪8‬ة جديدة للتشخي‪8‬ص او الع‪U‬ج إذا ل‪/‬م يك‪/‬ن ت‪/‬م اختباره‪/‬ا‪،‬‬ ‫با|س‪//‬لوب العلم‪//‬ي وا|خ‪q‬ق‪//‬ي الس‪//‬ليم ونشرت ف‪//‬ي المجا‪J‬ت الطبي‪//‬ة المعتمدة وثبت‪//‬ت‬ ‫ص‪q/‬حيتها وت‪/‬م الترخي‪/‬ص به‪/‬ا م‪/‬ن الجهات الص‪/‬حية المختص‪/‬ة‪.‬كم‪/‬ا ‪ J‬يجوز ل‪/‬ه أيض‪/‬ا‬ ‫أن ينسب لنفسه دون وجه حق أي كشف علمي أو يدعى انفراده به‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪ J.‬يجوز للط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يقوم بالدعاي‪8‬ة لنفس‪8‬ه عل‪/‬ى أي‪/‬ة ص‪/‬ورة م‪/‬ن الص‪/‬ور س‪/‬واء كان ذل‪/‬ك‬ ‫بطري‪/‬ق النش‪/‬ر ‪-‬أ‪/‬و ا™ذاع‪/‬ة المس‪/‬موعة أ‪/‬و المرئي‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و ع‪/‬بر وس‪/‬ائل ا™نترن‪/‬ت أ‪/‬و أ‪/‬ي‬ ‫طريقة أخرى من طرق ا™ع‪q‬ن‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Community The physician may not carry out any of the following acts : A. The physician may not apply a new way for diagnosis or treatment if he had not completed its testing by the right scientific and moral method, published in accredited medical fields, its validity proven and licensed by the competent medical quarters. He may not also unduly attribute to himself any scientific discovery or allege it to be his own. B. The physician may not advertise for himself in any form whether through publication, the radio, the television, across the Internet or any other way of advertisement.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو‬ ‫المجتمع‬ ‫ ‪ U‬يجوز للط***بيب أ***ن يأت***ي عم" ً م***ن ا[عمال‬ ‫ا‪o‬تية‪:‬‬ ‫ج‪.‬يجوز للط‪/‬بيب عن‪/‬د فت‪8‬ح عيادة أ‪8‬و نقله‪8‬ا أ‪/‬ن يعل‪/‬ن ع‪/‬ن ذل‪/‬ك بالص‪8‬حف ف‪8‬ي حدود ث‪U‬ث‬ ‫مرات كم‪//‬ا ‪-‬يجوز ل‪//‬ه إذا غاب ع‪//‬ن عيادت‪//‬ه أكث‪88‬ر م‪88‬ن أس‪88‬بوعين أ‪//‬ن ينش‪//‬ر إع‪q‬ني‪//‬ن‬ ‫أحدهما قبل غيابه والثاني بعد عودته‪.‬‬ ‫د‪.‬يج‪/‬ب عل‪/‬ى الط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يلتزم ف‪/‬ي إعداد ال‪U‬فت‪8‬ة والمطبوعات والتذاك‪8‬ر الطبي‪8‬ة وم‪/‬ا ف‪/‬ي‬ ‫حكمها ‪-‬بالتشريعات والقوانين واللوائح المنظمة لذلك‪.‬‬ ‫ه‪ J.‬يجوز للط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يس‪8‬تغل وظيفت‪8‬ه بقص‪8‬د تحقي‪8‬ق منفع‪8‬ة شخص‪8‬ية أ‪/‬و الحص‪/‬ول عل‪/‬ى‬ ‫كس‪/‬ب مادي ‪-‬م‪/‬ن المري‪/‬ض‪ ،‬كم‪/‬ا ‪ J‬يجوز ل‪/‬ه أ‪/‬ن يتقاض‪/‬ى م‪/‬ن المري‪/‬ض أجرا ً ع‪/‬ن عم‪/‬ل‬ ‫يدخل في اختصاص وظيفته ا|صلية التي يؤجر عليها‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Community The physician may not carry out any of the following acts : C. The physician may, at the time of opening a clinic or moving it, advertise the foregoing in the newspapers within the limits of three times. If he absents himself from his clinic for more than two weeks he may publish two advertisements, one before his absence and the second after his return. D. In preparing the billboards, printed matters, medical prescriptions and the like the physician must comply with the legislation, laws and regulations organizing the foregoing. E. The physician may not use his job with the intent of achieving a personal benefit or material gain from the patient. He is also not allowed to get paid a fee from the patient for work that is included in the competency of his original job for which he is hired.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو المهنة‬ Duties of the Physician Towards the Profession  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو‬ ‫المهنة‬ ‫ عل‪/‬ى الط‪/‬بيب أ‪/‬ن يغتن‪/‬م ك‪/‬ل مناس‪/‬بة للقيام بالتثقي‪8‬ف الص‪8‬حي لمريض‪8‬ه وتعريف‪/‬ه بأنماط‬ ‫الحياة الص‪/‬حية ‪ -‬وأ‪/‬ن يحرص عل‪/‬ى التعل‪8‬م والتدري‪8‬ب الط‪8‬بي بشك‪8‬ل دائ‪8‬م ومس‪/‬تمر وأ‪/‬ن‬ ‫يحافظ على كفاءته العلمية والمهارة المؤهلة لممارسة المهنة‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ J‬يجوز للطبيب الجزم بتشخي‪/‬ص مرض أ‪/‬و التوص‪/‬ية بع‪q‬ج م‪/‬ا م‪/‬ن خ‪q‬ل بيانات شفهي‪/‬ة‬ ‫أو كتابية ‪-‬أو مرئية دون مناظرة المريض وفحصه شخصيا‪.‬‬ ‫ يجوز للط‪//‬بيب ا‪J‬شتراك ف‪//‬ي حلقات تبادل الرأ‪88‬ي العلم‪88‬ي الت‪//‬ي يكون أطرافه‪//‬ا أطباء‬ ‫متخص‪/‬صين ‪-‬كم‪/‬ا يجوز ل‪/‬ه المشارك‪/‬ة ف‪/‬ي نق‪/‬ل معلومات طبي‪/‬ة م‪/‬ن زمي‪/‬ل ¬خ‪/‬ر س‪/‬واء‬ ‫كانت كتابة أو عبر وسائل ا‪J‬تصال ا|خرى‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Profession It shall be imperative upon the physician to seize each opportunity to educate his patient medically and to get him acquainted with the patterns of the healthy life, to constantly and continuously pursue medical education and training and to maintain his scientific and skillful efficiency which qualifies for practicing the profession. The physician may not assert the diagnosis of a disease or recommend some kind of treatment through verbal, written or visual data without personally examining the patient. The physician may participate in exchange of scientific opinion seminars, the parties of which are specialist physicians. He may also participate in the transfer of medical information from one colleague to another whether in writing or across the other communication media.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو‬ ‫المهنة‬ ‫ يج""ب عل""ى الط""بيب مراعاة ا[مان*ة والدق*ة ف""ي جمي""ع تص""رفاته‬ ‫وا‪U‬لتزام بالس*لوك الص*حيح والحفاظ عل"ى كرامت"ه وكرامة المهن"ة‬ ‫مما يخزيها وفقا لما ورد في قسم ا[طباء وفي هذه ال‪g‬ئحة‪.‬‬ ‫ إذا كان هناك اتص*ال أ*و اس*تشارة بي"ن ط"بيب وآخ"ر فيم"ا يتعل"ق‬ ‫بأ"ي ع‪g‬ج أ"و تشخي"ص للمري"ض ‪ ،‬فإ"ن المس*ؤولية الكامل*ة س*تقع‬ ‫عل***ى عات***ق الط***بيب الذي يحض***ر المري***ض ف"""ي الع‪g‬ج‬ ‫والتشخيص‪.‬‬ ‫ يج"ب عل"ى الط"بيب ا‪S‬متناع ع"ن إبداء أ"ي نص"يحة أ"و رأ"ي ط"بي أ"و‬ ‫علم"ي مكتوب أ"و شفه"ي عن*د مناقش*ة أم*ر ينطوي عل*ى مص*لحة‬ ‫شخص*ية أ"و يعود علي"ه بمنفع"ة مادي"ة خارج إطار ممارس*ته لمهن*ة‬ ‫الطب‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Profession It shall be imperative upon the physician to observe honesty and accuracy in all his actions and to comply with the right behavior, maintain his dignity and the dignity of the profession from what disgraces it pursuant to what is mentioned in the physicians’ oath and in these regulations. If there is a communication or consultation between one physician and another in connection with any treatment or diagnosis of a patient, the full responsibility will attach to the physician who is attending the patient in treatment and diagnosis. The physician must refrain from expressing any advice, written or verbal medical or scientific opinion upon discussing a matter which entails a personal interest or yield a material benefit to him outside the framework of his practice to the medical profession.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو‬ ‫المهنة‬ ‫ ‪ U‬يجوز للط***بيب أ***ن يأت***ي عم" ً م***ن ا[عمال‬ ‫ا‪o‬تية‪:‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬ا‪g‬ستعانة بالوسطاء في مزاولة المهنة سواء كان ذلك بأجر أو بدون أجر‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪.‬الس‪/‬ماح باس‪8‬تعمال اس‪8‬مه ف‪8‬ي تروي‪8‬ج ا|دوي‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و العقاقي‪/‬ر أ‪/‬و مختل‪/‬ف أنواع الع‪q‬ج أ‪/‬و‬ ‫|غراض تجارية على أي صورة من الصور‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪.‬طل‪8‬ب أ‪8‬و قبول مكافأ‪8‬ة أ‪8‬و أج‪8‬ر م‪8‬ن أ‪8‬ي نوع كان نظي‪/‬ر التعه‪/‬د أ‪/‬و القيام بوص‪/‬ف أدوي‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و‬ ‫أجهزة معين‪/‬ة للمرض‪/‬ى أ‪/‬و إرس‪/‬الهم إل‪/‬ى مس‪/‬تشفى أ‪/‬و مص‪/‬ح ع‪q‬ج‪/‬ي أ‪/‬و دور للتمري‪/‬ض‬ ‫أ‪/‬و ص‪/‬يدلية أوأ‪/‬ي مكان محدد ™جراء الفحوص والتحالي‪/‬ل الطبي‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و ل‪/‬بيع المس‪/‬تلزمات‬ ‫أو المعينات الطبية‪.‬‬ Duties of the Physician Towards the Profession The physician may not carry out any of the following acts : A. Seek the assistance of mediators in practicing the profession, whether with or without pay. B. Allow the use of his name in the promotion of drugs, medication or different kinds of treatment, or for commercial purposes of any form. C. Request or accept remuneration or fees of any kind in return for an undertaking, prescribing drugs or specific equipment for patients or sending them to a hospital, therapeutic sanitarium, nursing home, drug store or any place specified for carrying out examinations and medical tests or for the sale of medical requirements or aids.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو‬ ‫المهنة‬ ‫ ‪ U‬يجوز للط***بيب أ***ن يأت***ي عم" ً م***ن ا[عمال‬ ‫ا‪o‬تية‪:‬‬ ‫د‪.‬القيام بإجراء اس‪8‬تشارات طبي‪8‬ة ف‪8‬ي محال تجاري‪8‬ة أ‪/‬و ملحقاته‪/‬ا مم‪/‬ا ه‪/‬و مع‪/‬د ل‪/‬بيع ا|دوي‪/‬ة‬ ‫أوا|جهزة أو التجهيزات الطبية سواء كان ذلك بالمجان أو نظير مرتب أو مكافأة‪.‬‬ ‫القيام باستشارات طبية من خ‪q‬ل شركات ا‪g‬تصا‪g‬ت‪.‬‬ ‫ه‪.‬‬ ‫و‪.‬القيام ب‪/‬بيع أ‪/‬ي أدوي‪/‬ة أ‪/‬و وص‪/‬فات أ‪/‬و أجهزة أ‪/‬و مس‪/‬تلزمات طبي‪/‬ة ف‪/‬ي عيادت‪/‬ه أ‪/‬و أثناء –‬ ‫ممارسته للمهنة بغرض ا‪g‬تجار‪.‬‬ ‫ز‪.‬أ‪8‬ن يتقاس‪8‬م أجره م‪/‬ع أ‪/‬ي م‪/‬ن زم‪q‬ئ‪/‬ه إ‪ J‬إذا اشترك مع‪/‬ه ف‪/‬ي الع‪q‬ج فع‪.ًq‬أ‪/‬و أ‪/‬ن يعم‪/‬ل‬ ‫وسيطا لطبيب آخر أو مستشفى بأي صورة من الصور‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Profession The physician may not carry out any of the following acts : D. Carry out medical consultations in stores or their annexes that are designated for the sale of drugs, medical equipment or preparations whether for free or in return for a fee or remuneration. E. Carry out medical consultations through communication companies. F. Sell any drugs, prescriptions, medical equipment or preparations in his clinic - or during practicing the profession - with the purpose of trade. G. To share his fee with any of his colleagues except if he had taken part with him in the treatment, or to work as a mediator to another physician or hospital in any form.  ‫واجبات الطبيب نحو‬ ‫المهنة‬ ‫ عن*د مخاطب*ة الجمهور ف*ي الموضوعات الطبي*ة ع*بر‬ ‫وسائل ا‪S‬ع"م يلتزم الطبيب بالقواعد ا‪o‬تية‪:‬‬ ‫أ‪.‬تجن‪//‬ب ذك‪//‬ر مكان عمل‪//‬ه وطرق ا‪J‬تص‪//‬ال ب‪//‬ه وا™شادة بخ‪//‬براته أ‪//‬و إنجازات‪//‬ه العلمي‪//‬ة‪،‬‬ ‫ويكتفي ‪-‬فقط يذكر صفته المهنية ومجال تخصصه‪.‬‬ ‫ب‪.‬أن تكون المخاطبة بأسلوب مبسط ي‪q‬ئم المستمع أو المشاهد غير المتخصص‪.‬‬ ‫ج‪.‬تجن‪888‬ب ذك‪888‬ر ا¬راء العلمي‪888‬ة غي‪888‬ر المؤكدة أ‪///‬و غي‪///‬ر المقطوع بص‪///‬حتها‪ ،‬أ‪///‬و تناول‬ ‫الموضوعات ‪-‬المختل‪/‬ف عليه‪/‬ا والت‪/‬ي يكون مناقشته‪/‬ا فق‪/‬ط ف‪/‬ي الجلس‪/‬ات العلمي‪/‬ة الخاص‪/‬ة‬ ‫غير الموجهة للعامة‪.‬‬  Duties of the Physician Towards the Profession Upon addressing the public in medical subject matters across the mass media, the physician shall comply with the following rules : A. The avoidance of mentioning his workplace, the means of communicating him, praising his scientific experiences or achievements. He shall only suffice with mentioning his medical capacity and his field of specialization. B. The communication shall be in a simplified manner that suits the listener or non-specialized viewer. C. The avoidance of mentioning unconfirmed or unauthenticated scientific opinions or deal with disputable subject matters that are only to be discussed in private scientific sessions which are unaddressed to the public.  ‫وسائل ا‪S‬ع"م ا‪S‬جتماعية وع"قة الطبيب‬ ‫بها‬ ‫يجب علي الطبيب أن يتعامل مع تلك الوسائل بحذر خصوصا في النواحي التالية‪:‬‬ ‫ يج"ب أ"ن يعت"بر الط"بيب أس"رار المرض"ى والحفاظ" عليه"ا م"ن مس"ئوليته ويج"ب أ"ن"‬ ‫يحاف"ظ عليه"ا وأ‪ S‬يقوم بنش"ره"ا عل"ى وس"ائل التواص"ل ا جتماع"ي‪.‬ولهذا الس"بب ينص"ح‬ ‫بش"دة تج*نب إض*افة المرض*ى* "كأصدقاء" ع"لى مواقع التواصل ا جتماعي‪.‬‬ ‫ يج"ب عل"ى ا‪,‬طباء أ"ن" يرس"موا خ*ط*ا واضح*ا ف*ي* التواص*ل م"ع" المرض"ي عل"ي‬ ‫ص"فحات" التواص"ل ا جتماع"ي‪ ،‬بمعن"ي أن"ه ‪ S‬يج"ب أ"ن تكون هناك أ"ي اس"تش"ارات" طبي"ة‬ ‫بين" الط"بيب ومرضاه على صفحات التواصل اإلجتماعي"‪.‬‬ ‫ نش*ر أس*رار المرض*ى* وم"ا يخ"ص مرضه"م ع"ل"ى ص"فحات" التواص"ل ا جتماع"ي يض"ر‬ ‫بثقة المريض تجاه الط"بيب وقد يترتب عليه قضايا تخص إفش"اء سر المريض‪.‬‬ ‫ يج"ب عل"ي الط"بيب أ‪ U‬يرس*ل ر*س*ائل نص*ية كوس"يلة للتواص"ل م"ع" المري"ض إ‪ S‬ف"ي"‬ ‫حال"ة وجود موافق"ة كتابي"ة م"ن المري"ض بذل"ك حي"ث إن"ه يمك"ن ‪,‬ح"د م"ن أقارب" المري"ض‬ ‫ا ط‪g‬ع عليها مما يعتبر إفش"اء سرا من أسرار المريض"‪.‬‬  ‫‪Quiz‬‬ ‫حض*ر مري*ض "س" ال*ي الط*بيب المتواج*د بإس*تقبال إحدى‬ ‫المس*تشفيات الجامعي*ة وكان*ت شكواه أن*ه يعان*ي م*ن رش*ح‬ ‫با[ن*ف وص*داع مس*تمر‪.‬تعرف الط*بيب عل*ى المري*ض حي*ث‬ ‫إن**ه أح**د جيران**ه وبي**ن العائلتي**ن مشاك**ل كثيره‪.‬فرف**ض‬ ‫اس**تقباله وقام بتحويل**ه عل**ى زمي**ل اخر‪.‬قام المري**ض‬ ‫بتقديم شكوى ضد الطبيب ا‪U‬ول‪.‬ما موقف الطبيب؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الط"بيب مخط"ئ حي"ث ان"ه ‪ S‬يح"ق ل"ه رف"ض ع‪g‬ج أ"ي حال"ة حت"ى ل"و‬ ‫‪.‬كان بينهم خصومه‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الط""بيب غي""ر مخط""ئ حي""ث إن""ه قام بتحويل""ه عل""ى زمي""ل اخ""ر‬ ‫‪.‬والحالة غير طارئة‬ ‫ج‪ -‬الط"بيب مج"بر عل"ى متابع"ة أ"ي حال"ة بأ"ي مس"تشفى طالم"ا ت"م‬  Quiz Patient "S" came to the doctor at a university hospital, and his complaint was that he was suffering from a runny nose and constant headache. The doctor got to know the patient, as he is one of his neighbors, and between the two families there are many problems. He refused to receive him and transferred him to another colleague. The patient filed a complaint against the first doctor. What is the problem with this doctor? A- The doctor is wrong, as he has no right to refuse to treat any condition, even if his opponents are among them. B- The doctor is not at fault, as he referred him to another colleague and the situation is not an emergency. C- The doctor is obliged to follow any case in any hospital as long as he is called.  ‫‪Quiz‬‬ ‫أح*د ا[طباء اس*تقبل حادث س*يارة ب*ه عدد خمس*ة مص*ابين‬ ‫حالته*م م*ا بي*ن المتوس*طة والخطيرة ف*ي نهاي*ة النوباتشي*ه‬ ‫الخاص*ة به‪.‬قام باس*تقبال الحا‪U‬ت ومتابعته*ا‪ ،‬ولك*ن رف*ض‬ ‫اجراء عملي*ة [ح*د المص*ابين حي*ث إ*ن فترة نوبت*ه انته*ت‬ ‫ً‬ ‫زمي" س*يقوم به*ا بع*د تولي*ه النوب*ة التالي*ة‪ ،‬ولكن*ه تأخ*ر‬ ‫وأ*ن‬ ‫مم**ا أدي إل**ى وفاة الحالة‪.‬وقام أه**ل المري**ض بشكوى‬ ‫الطبيب ا[ول‪.‬ما موقف الطبيب من الشكوى؟‬ ‫أ‪ -‬الط"بيب مخط"ئ حي"ث ان"ه ‪ S‬يح"ق ‪S‬ي ط"بيب رف"ض ع‪g‬ج حال"ة‬ ‫طورئ كم"ا أ"ن الط"بيب الثان"ي ايض"ا مخط"ئ لتأخره ف"ي اس"ت‪g‬م‬ ‫‪.‬عمله‬ ‫ب‪ -‬الط"بيب غي"ر مخط"ئ حي"ث ان نوب"ة العم"ل الخاص"ه ب"ه ق"د‬ ‫‪.‬انتهت‬  Quiz One of the doctors received a car accident in which five people were in moderate or severe condition at the end of his shift. He received the cases and followed them up but refused to perform an operation for one of the injured, since his shift had ended, and one of his colleagues who followed the next in shift would do it, but he was late, which led to the death of the case. The patient's family complained to the first doctor. What is the doctor's position on the complaint? A- The doctor is wrong, as no doctor has the right to refuse treatment for an emergency condition, and the second doctor is also at fault for being late in receiving his work. B- The doctor is not at fault as his shift work is over. C- The doctor took the cases and was therefore not mistaken. D- Only the second doctor was at fault for being late in receiving a narcotic. The word "Nephrologist" means:  Specialist treat the disease of liver.  Specialist treat the disease of the lung.  Specialist treat the disease of the heart.  Specialist treat the disease of the kidney. The word “Triploid” means:  Two sets of chromosomes  Three sets of chromosomes  Four sets of chromosomes  One set of chromosome The word cyanotic face means:  Blue face  Red face  Yellow face  Black face The word “Postnasal” means:  Behind nose  Beside nose  In front of nose  Above nose The word “Percutaneous” means:  Through the skin  Through the abdomen  Through the lung  Through the joint The word “Heterosexual” means:  Pertaining to opposite sex  Pertaining to same sex  Pertaining to both sex  Pertaining to abnormal sex The word “ectoderm” means:  Middle layer of embryo  Outermost layer of embryo  Innermost layer of embryo  All layers of the embryo Thank you for your attention Suffix Dr. Fatma Nada Assistant professor of forensic medicine and clinical toxicology Objectives ◦ Define suffix. ◦ Give examples of how suffixes are used. ◦ Recognize and use some general noun, adjective and plural suffixes used in medical terminology. ◦Analyze the suffixes used in a case study. Define suffix ◦Suffix is a word ending that modifies a root. ◦ A suffix may indicate that the word is a noun or an adjective and often determines how the definition of the word will begin. ◦ For example, using the root myel/o, meaning “bone marrow,” the adjective ending -oid forms the word myeloid, which means “like or pertaining to bone marrow.”  For example, the combining form gastr/o means stomach and can be modified using various suffixes. 1. The suffix -tomy means cutting into or incision. (Gastrotomy is incision into the stomach). 2. The suffix -stomy means a surgically created opening (Gastrostomy is a surgically created opening between the stomach and the body surface). 3. The suffix -ectomy means surgical removal or excision. (Gastrectomy is surgical removal of the stomach). Suffixes for medical specialties Suffix Meaning Example Definition of example ian Specialist in a Physician Practitioner of medicine field of study iatrics Medical geriatrics Study and treatment of specialty the aged ics Medical Orthopedics Study and treatment of specialty the skeleton and joints Suffixes for medical specialties Suffix Meaning Example Definition of example ist Specialist in a cardiologist Specialist in the study field pf study and treatment of the heart Logy Study of Physiology Study of function in a living organism Exercise Example Meaning Dentist One who treats the teeth and mouth Neurology The study of the nervous system Pediatrics Study and treatment of children Technologist Specialist in a technical field Suffixes that mean “Pertaining” or “resembling” Suffix Example Definition of the example Ac cardiac Pertaining to the heart Al skeletal Pertaining to the skeleton Ar muscular Pertaining to the muscles ary dietary Pertaining to the diet Suffixes that mean “Pertaining” or “resembling” Suffix Example Definition of the example Form muciform Like or resembling mucous ile febrile Pertaining to fever oid toxoid Pertaining to toxin ory respiratory Pertaining to respiration Exercise Example Meaning Salivary Pertaining to the saliva Pelvic Pertaining to the pelvis Epileptiform Resembling epilepsy Vocal Pertaining to voice Pleural endings Word ending Pleural ending Single example Pleural example a ae gingiva Gingivae en ina foramen Foramina Ex, ix, yx ices appendix Appendices Pleural endings Word ending Pleural ending Single example Pleural example is es diagnosis Diagnoses ma mata carcinoma Carcinomata nx nges phalanx Phalanges Pleural endings Word ending Pleural ending Single example Pleural example On a spermatozoon Spermatozoa Um a ovum Ova us li embolous Emboli Some exception to the rules There are exceptions to the rules for forming plurals. For example, the plural of virus is viruses, and serums is sometimes used instead of sera. An -es ending may be added to words ending in -ex or -ix to form a plural, as in appendixes, apexes, and indexes. SURGICAL SUFFIXES -ectomy: surgical removal, as in mastectomy, surgical removal of the breast or mammary glands -stomy) surgically created opening, as in colostomy, a surgically created opening between the colon and body surface -tomy cutting into, as in laparotomy, an incision into the abdomen. -pexy suture to stabilize, as in gastropexy, surgically stabilizing the stomach to the abdominal wall -plasty surgical repair, as in rhinoplasty, surgical repair of the nose PROCEDURAL SUFFIXES -centesis surgical puncture to remove fluid or gas (either for diagnosis or to remove excess fluid or gas), as in cystocentesis, a surgical puncture of the urinary bladder with a needle to remove fluid (urine). -graph instrument that records (or used as record), as in electrocardiograph, the machine that records the electrical activity of the heart PROCEDURAL SUFFIXES (cont.) -graphy procedure that records, as in electrocardiography, the procedure used to record the electrical activity of the heart. -lysis separation or breakdown, as in urinalysis, separation of the urine into its constituents. -scope instrument to visually examine, as in endoscope, an instrument used to visually examine inside the body. -scopy procedure to visually examine, as in endoscopy, the procedure of visually examining inside the body. -therapy treatment, as in chemotherapy, treatment with chemical substances or drugs “PERTAINING TO” SUFFIXES -ac as in cardiac (pertaining to the heart). -al as in renal (pertaining to the kidney). -an as in ovarian (pertaining to the ovary). -ar as in lumbar (pertaining to the loin). -ary as in alimentary (pertaining to the gastrointestinal tract). -eal as in laryngeal (pertaining to the larynx). -ic as in enteric (pertaining to the intestines). -ine as in uterine (pertaining to the uterus). -ous as in cutaneous (pertaining to the skin). -tic as in nephrotic (pertaining to the kidneys). CONDITIONAL SUFFIXES -algia and -dynia pain, as in arthralgia and arthrodynia, or joint pain -itis inflammation, as in hepatitis, inflammation of the liver -malacia abnormal softening, as in osteomalacia, abnormal softening of bone -megaly enlargement, as in cardiomegaly, enlargement of the heart -pathy disease, as in enteropathy, disease of the intestines -sclerosis abnormal hardening, as in arteriosclerosis, abnormal hardening of the arteries Questions The word “Cardiologist” means: a. Specialist in heart. b. Specialist in lung c. Specialist in eye d. Specialist in kidney The word “nephr” is: a. Suffix b.Root c. Prefix d.Root and suffix The epigastric region is located: a. On the umbilicus b. Below the stomach b. Near the ribs d. Above the stomach The pleural form from word “Phalanx” is: a. Phalanges. b. Phalanxes. c. Phalanses. d. Phalancia The root“Brachio” means” a. Extremity b. Arm. c. Foot. d. Finger. True or false ( ) The pleural form of “Foramen” is foramines. ( ) The pleural form of “Appendix” is appendices. ( ) The word “Phobia” means exaggerated fear ( ) The word “hemisphere” means solid Thank you for your attention Prefix Dr. Fatma Nada Assistant professor of forensic medicine and clinical toxicology Objectives 1. Define a prefix and explain how prefixes are used. 2. Identify and define some of the prefixes used in medical terminology. 3. Use prefixes to form words used in medical terminology. Prefix Prefix is a short word part added before a word or word root to modify its meaning. For example, the word lateral means “side.” Adding the prefix uni-, meaning “one,” forms unilateral, which means “affecting or involving one side.” Adding the prefix contra-, meaning “against or opposite,” forms contralateral, which refers to an opposite side. The term equilateral means “having equal sides.” Common prefixes for numbers Prefix Meaning Example Definition Prim First Primitive Occurring first in time Mon One Monocular Pertaining to one eye Uni One Unicellular Composed of one cell hemi half hemisphere One half of a rounded structure Semi partial semisolid Partially solid bi Two, twice bicuspid A tooth with two points Common prefixes for numbers Prefix Meaning Example Definition Di Two/twice dimorphous Having two forms Dipl Double diploid Having two sets of chromosomes Tri Three triplet One of three offspring Quadr Four quadrant On fourth of an area Tetra Four tetrahedron A figure with four surfaces Multi Many multiple Consisting of many parts poli Many, much polysaccharide Substance composed of many sugars Prefixes for colors Prefix Meaning Example Definition Cyano blue cyanosis Bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen erythro red erythrocyte A red blood cell Leuk/o White, colorless leukoplakia White patches in the mouth Melan/o Black, dark Melanin The dark pigment that colors the hair and skin Xanth/o yellow xanthoderma Yellow coloration of the skin Quiz Match the following terms 1- Melanocyte A- pertaining to bluish discoloration 2- Xanthoma B- redness of the skin 3- Cyanotic C- yellow raised area on the skin 4- Erythroderma D- cell that produces dark pigment 5- Leukemia E- overgrowth of white blood cells Prefixes mean no or negative Prefix Meaning Example Definition A-an Not - without aseptic Free of infectious organisms anti against antidote Menas for counteracting a poison contra Against- opposite Contracption Prevention of conception Un not unconscious Not responsive Prefixes for direction Prefix Meaning Example Definition Ab Away from Abduct To move away from the middle Ad Toward/near Adhere To attach or stick together Dia Through Dialysis Separation by passage through a membrane Per Through Percutaneous Through the skin trans Through Transfusion Introduction of blood or blood components into the bloodstream Prefixes for degree Prefix Meaning Example Definition Hyper Increase Hypertension Increase in the blood pressure Hypo Under/below Hypotension Decrease in blood pressure Olig/o Few Oligomenorrhea A scanty menstrual flow Pan All Panacea Remedy that cures all ill super Above/ excess supernumerary Excess in number Quiz Match the following terms 1- Pandemic A- located at the surface (above other structures) 2- Hyposecretion B- less than the normal number of teeth 3- Hypertension C- underproduction of a substance 4- Oligodontia D- disease affecting an entire population 5- Superficial E- high blood pressure Prefixes for size and comparison Prefix Meaning Example Definition Equal equal equilateral Having equal sides Eu True/ good/ euthanasia Easy or painless death easy Hetero Different Heterosexual Pertaining to the opposite sex Homo same homothermic Maintainig a constant body temperature Iso equal isograft Graft between two genetically identical individuals macro large macrocyte Large blood cell Prefixes for time and or position Prefix Meaning Example Definition ante before antenatal Before birth pre Before/ in front predisposing Leading toward a condition such as of disease pro Before/ in front prodrome Symptom that precedes a disease of post After/ behind Postmenopausal after menopause Prefixes for position Prefix Meaning Example Definition Dextrtr/o right dextrocardia Location of the heart in the right side of the chest Ecto outside ectoderm Outermost layer of the developing layer of the embryo Endo Within endoscope Device for viewing the inside cavity or organ Mes/o middle Mesencephalon Midbrain Thank you for your attention Law That Regulates The Medical Team Dr. Fatma Nada Assistant Professor of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology  OBJECTIVES 1. Define laws and regulations governing the practice of medicine in Egypt. 2. Discuss conditions of practicing the profession. 3. Discuss some important laws in the Medical Syndicate.  ‫قسم أبو‬ ‫قراط‬ Hippocratic Oath  ‫قسم ا‪%‬طباء‬ ‫يجب على كل طبيب قبل مزاولة المهنة أن يؤدى هذا القسم أمام نقيب ا‪X‬طباء أو من ينوب عنه‪:‬‬ ‫أقس‪U‬م با‪ UÅ‬العظي‪U‬م أ‪U‬ن أراق‪U‬ب ‪ U‬ف‪U‬ي مهنت‪U‬ي‪ ،‬وأ‪U‬ن أص‪U‬ون حياة ا‪y‬نس‪U‬ان ف‪U‬ي كاف‪U‬ة أدواره‪U‬ا ف‪U‬ي ك‪U‬ل الظروف‬ ‫وا‪X‬حوال باذ‪ ًç‬وس‪U‬عى ف‪U‬ي اس‪U‬تنقاذها م‪UU‬ن اله‪â‬ك والمرض وا‪X‬ل‪U‬م والقل‪U‬ق‪ ،‬وأ‪U‬ن أحف‪U‬ظ للناس كرامته‪UU‬م‬ ‫وأس‪U‬تر عورته‪U‬م وأكت‪U‬م س‪U‬رهم‪ ،‬وأ‪U‬ن أكون عل‪U‬ى الدوام م‪U‬ن وس‪U‬ائل رحم‪U‬ة ‪ U‬باذ‪ ًç‬رعايت‪U‬ي الطبي‪U‬ة للقري‪U‬ب‬ ‫والبعي‪U‬د‪ ،‬للص‪U‬الح والخاط‪U‬ئ والص‪U‬ديق والعدو‪ ،‬وأ‪U‬ن أثابر عل‪U‬ى طل‪U‬ب العل‪U‬م وأس‪U‬خره لنف‪U‬ع ا‪y‬نس‪U‬ان ‪X ç‬ذاه‪،‬‬ ‫وأ‪U‬ن أوق‪U‬ر م‪U‬ن علمن‪U‬ي وأعل‪U‬م م‪U‬ن يص‪U‬غرني‪ ،‬وأكون أخا ً لك‪U‬ل زمي‪U‬ل ف‪U‬ي المهن‪U‬ة الطبي‪U‬ة متعاوني‪U‬ن عل‪U‬ى ال‪U‬بر‬ ‫والتقوى‪ ،‬وأ‪U‬ن تكون حيات‪U‬ي مص‪U‬داق إيمان‪U‬ي ف‪U‬ي س‪U‬رى وع‪â‬نيت‪U‬ي نقي‪U‬ة مم‪U‬ا يشينه‪U‬ا تجاه ‪ U‬ورس‪U‬وله‬ ‫والمؤمنين و على ما أقول شهيد‪.‬‬  ‫أهم القوانين التي تنظم‬ ‫مهنة الطب‬ The Most Important Laws That Regulates the Medical Profession  ‫أهم القوانين التي تنظم‬ ‫مهنة الطب‬ ‫ قانون مزاولة مهنة الطب (القانون رقم ‪ 415‬لسنة ‪.)1954‬‬ ‫ قواعد تكليف ا‪X‬طباء البشريين‪.‬‬ ‫ ‪ç‬ئحة آداب المهنة (الصادرة بقرار وزير الصحة والسكان رقم‪ 238‬لسنة ‪.) 2003‬‬ ‫ قانون نقابة ا‪X‬طباء (رقم ‪ 62‬لسنة ‪ 1949‬والمعدل بقرار وزير الصحة رقم‪ 234‬لسنه ‪) 1974‬‬ ‫وبه مواد خاصة بشروط القيد والعضوية بالنقابة والنظام التأديبي ل‪B‬طباء‪.‬‬ ‫ قانون تنظيم المنشآت الطبية )رقم ‪ 51‬لسنة ‪1981‬المعدل بالقانون ‪ 153‬لسنة ‪(. 2004‬‬ ‫ ‪ç‬ئحة المنشات الطبية الخاصة التي تجرى بها جراحات‪.‬‬ ‫ قانون مزاولة مهنة التوليد‪.‬‬ ‫ القانون المنظم لتعامل ا‪X‬طباء والصيادلة بالمواد المخدرة‪.‬‬ Important Laws That Regulates the Medical Profession Law of Practicing the Profession of Medicine )Law No. 415 of 1954(. Rules of Assigning Human Physicians. Bylaw of Professional Ethics )Issued by the Minister of Health and Population No. 238 of 2003(. Law of the Medical Syndicate )No. 62 of 1949, Amended by Minister of Health No. 234 of 1974(, which contains articles for the conditions of registration, membership in the union, and the disciplinary system for doctors. Law Regulating the Medical Facilities (No. 51 of 1981 Amended by Law No. 153 of 2004(. Bylaw of the Private Medical Facilities in which Surgeries are Performed. Law of Practicing the Profession of Obstetrics. Law Regulating the Handling of Narcotic Substances by Physicians and Pharmacists.  ‫أهم ا