Dental Terminology (Anatomy of the Oral Cavity) Lecture Notes PDF

Dental terminology ( Anatomy of the oral cavity ) DR MOHAMED RIAD LECTURER ENDODONTICS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY BADR UNIVERSITY IN ASSIUT Dentistry A branch of medicine that involves studying, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders of oral cavity....

Dental terminology ( Anatomy of the oral cavity ) DR MOHAMED RIAD LECTURER ENDODONTICS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY BADR UNIVERSITY IN ASSIUT Dentistry A branch of medicine that involves studying, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and disorders of oral cavity. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Dentist Doctors who practice dentistry are known as Dentists Dentist supporting team includes : ❑Dental assistant ❑Dental technician ❑Dental hygienist DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS Anatomy of Oral Cavity DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Skull Bone The Maxilla: is the bone that forms the upper jaw The Mandible: is the bone that forms the lower jaw DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Alveolar bone: is that part of the mandibular and maxillary bone that surrounds the teeth and forms the tooth sockets. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Oral vestibule Oral cavity proper Oral Cavity DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Oral vestibule: The space between the soft tissue (lips and cheeks), and the teeth. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Oral vestibule Frenum DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity The oral cavity proper: the oral cavity proper, the region medial to the teeth. The oral cavity includes the teeth, hard palate, mobile tongue, and floor of the mouth. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Tooth : The human teeth function to mechanically break down items of food by cutting and crushing them in preparation for swallowing and digesting. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Primary teeth: These are the first teeth to erupt into the oral cavity. The primary dentition is composed of 20 teeth. Often these teeth are referred to as deciduous teeth. These teeth will be exfoliated (lost) as the permanent teeth erupt. Permanent teeth: These are teeth that erupt after the deciduous teeth are exfoliated (lost). The permanent dentition is composed of 32 teeth. There are 16 teeth in the maxilla and 16 in the mandible. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity Primary teeth Permanent teeth DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity The gingiva: (or gums) is the tissue that surrounds and protects the teeth and underlying bone DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity The tongue: The tip of the tongue: the apex of the tongue. The dorsal surface: the top surface of the tongue. The lateral surface: the sides of the tongue DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity The tongue: The ventral surface: the underside of the tongue. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity The floor of the mouth: It is the base of the oral cavity. There are glands, nerves, and vessels underneath the floor of the mouth. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity The Palate: The roof of the mouth. The front portion is bony (hard palate), and the back portion is muscular (soft palate). Hard palate Soft palate Uvula DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Anatomy of Oral Cavity The hard palate: separates the nasal cavity and the oral cavity The soft palate: effectively closes the communication from the oropharynx to the nasopharynx during swallowing. DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS Confused ?? DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Think or Guess then Answer A. Lip B. Teeth C. Tongue D. Floor of the mouth E. Hard palate F. Soft palate G. Gingiva DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Think or Guess then Answer A. Crown B. Root C. Pulp D. E. Alveolar bone DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS Thank you! DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS  Dental terminology Commonly Used Dental Terms in dental clinical specialties DR MOHAMED RIAD LECTURER ENDODONTICS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY BADR UNIVERSITY IN ASSIUT  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Oral Medicine & Periodontology While Periodontics is that field of dentistry which deals with conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth (soft tissue and bone), Oral Medicine focuses on the diagnosis and management of conditions which affect all of the soft tissues of the oral cavity.  Oral Medicine & Periodontology Periodontium: The periodontium serves as an attachment apparatus and is composed of four major tissues Periodontium  Oral Medicine & Periodontology Periodontium: 1. Gingiva: The soft tissue that covers the jawbone. Also referred to as the gums. 2. Periodontal ligaments: bundles of fibers that support and retain the tooth in the alveolar socket. 3. Cementum: outer hard, rough surface covering of the root section of the tooth that permits the fiber attachment for tooth retention. 4. Alveolar bone process: compact bone that forms the tooth socket.  Oral Medicine & Periodontology Periodontal Diseases can be divided into two main divisions: 1. Gingivitis 2. Periodontitis  Oral Medicine & Periodontology Periodontal Diseases can be divided into two main divisions: 1. Gingivitis: an inflammation of gingival tissue with no supporting tissue loss. GINGIVITIS  Oral Medicine & Periodontology Periodontal Diseases can be divided into two main divisions: 2. Periodontitis: Inflammation of the supporting structures of the tooth including the gingiva, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone. PERIODONTITIS  Oral Medicine & Periodontology Periodontal Diseases Gingivitis versus Periodontitis  Oral Medicine & Periodontology Plaque: is a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on teeth. PLAQUE  Oral medicine & Periodontology Calculus: The hard deposit of mineralized plaque that forms on the crown and /or root of the tooth. Calculus  Oral medicine & Periodontology Periodontal probing depth: charting and recording findings of probe depths, assessing plaque and calculus presence, soft tissue, and implant conditions.  Oral medicine & Periodontology Scaling: removal of calculus deposits from the tooth surfaces and beneath the gingiva. SCALING  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Removable Prosthodontics Removable prosthodontics is concerned with replacing the teeth with a prosthesis that can be removed. These are often known as dentures Removable Prosthodontics  Removable Prosthodontics Edentulism: defined as loss of dentition. Edentulism occurs because of biological disease processes, such as dental caries, periodontal diseases, trauma, and oral cancer. EDENTULISM  Removable Prosthodontics Complete edentulism / Complete edentulous patient: complete loss of all teeth  Removable Prosthodontics Complete denture: a removable replacement for teeth and soft tissue lost in an entire dental arch  Removable Prosthodontics Partial edentulism / Partial edentulous patient: partial loss of teeth  Removable Prosthodontics Partial denture: partial removable replacement for teeth and soft tissue in a dental arch  Removable Prosthodontics Impression trays: these are devices used to carry, contain, and control impression material during the taking of an impression. They also serve as containers for holding impression material during the production of a negative copy. Thanks Dental terminology ( Dental specialties) DR MOHAMED RIAD LECTURER ENDODONTICS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY BADR UNIVERSITY IN ASSIUT  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Conservative dentistry Conservative dentistry: consists of minimally invasive procedures that focus on only removing what's considered damaged or unnecessary, leaving the remaining healthy tooth structure behind during the restorative process.  Conservative dentistry Dental Caries: tooth decay, should be removed and restored by suitable restorative material.  Conservative dentistry Amalgam restoration: Old restorative material composed of an alloy of mercury with one or more metals used to fill cavities and restore extensively broken-down teeth.  Conservative dentistry Composite restoration: Tooth-colored restoration used to restore decayed/carious teeth.  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Endodontics The term endodontics is derived from two Greek words - "endo" meaning inside and "odont" meaning tooth. Taken together, these words mean the study of the inner part of the tooth or the dental pulp. Endodontics specialists are familiar with a number of diseases that involve pulp and periapical area and the procedures to treat them and preserve the tooth. Endodontics Endodontics Pulpitis: Pulpitis is an inflammation of the dental pulp as a result of caries or trauma.  Endodontics Root canal treatment: Stage 1: Access cavity preparation Stage2: Getting rid of the Infected Pulp using an endodontic file Stage 3: Root canal filling is placed called gutta percha Stage 4: The tooth is restored. Thanks  Dental terminology ( Anatomy of the oral cavity ) DR MOHAMED RIAD LECTURER ENDODONTICS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY BADR UNIVERSITY IN ASSIUT  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Fixed Prosthodontics It is the branch of dentistry dealing with replacing missing teeth or restoration of badly broken-down teeth using a fixed prosthesis  Fixed Prosthodontics Crown: A fixed restoration that covers the entire tooth and restores it to its original shape. Crown Abutment  Fixed Prosthodontics Bridge: A fixed prosthetic replacement of one or more missing teeth cemented or attached to the abutment teeth. Pontic Crown Abutment  Abutment: Prepared tooth designed to receive the crown. Pontic: An artificial tooth used in a bridge to Fixed replace a missing tooth. Prosthodontics  Fixed Prosthodontics Crown Abutment Crown Pontic Abutment  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology Orthodontics It is a specialty that deals with the diagnosis, prevention, management, and correction of mal-positioned teeth and jaws, and Malocclusion.  Orthodontics Fixed orthodontic appliances like braces and wires. They aren't normally taken off until treatment is complete. Braces Wires  Orthodontics Removable orthodontic appliances: They are not fixed to the teeth and can be removed. They help in the alignment of teeth and the correction of bite patterns.  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology Pediatric Dentistry Pediatric dentists are dedicated to the oral health of children from infancy through the teen years. They have the experience and qualifications to care for a child’s teeth, gums, and mouth throughout the various stages of childhood.  Pediatric Dentistry Amalgam restoration: an alloy of mercury with one or more metals used to fill cavities and restore extensively broken-down teeth. Composite restoration: a tooth-colored restoration used to restore decayed/carious teeth. Pediatric Dentistry Pulpotomy: The removal of the coronal portion of the tooth’s pulp. Pediatric Dentistry Pulpectomy: is a complete removal of pulp from the crown and roots.  Pediatric Dentistry Stainless steel crown: A pre-made metal crown, shaped like a tooth, that is used to temporarily cover a seriously decayed or broken-down tooth in children. Thanks Dental terminology ( Dental specialties) DR MOHAMED RIAD LECTURER ENDODONTICS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY BADR UNIVERSITY IN ASSIUT  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery A specialty focusing on Dentoalveolar surgery (extraction, surgical removal of teeth and dental implants), Facial trauma, head & neck pathology, jaw deformities, as well as facial cosmetic surgery/facial plastic surgery including cleft lip and cleft palate surgery.  Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Tooth extraction is a dental procedure during which a non-restorable tooth is completely removed from its socket. Sometimes, people refer to this as “pulling" a tooth. Simple tooth extraction Surgical extraction  Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Impacted tooth: a tooth becomes stuck below the surface of gums (impacted), and grows at an odd angle, possibly causing complications. Complications can be: Pericoronitis: harmful effect to the adjacent:  Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Extraction forceps  Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Dental Implants: Dental implants are made from titanium and they are surgically placed in your jawbone, where they serve as the roots of missing teeth.  Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Facial trauma is bone or soft tissue damage to the face caused by motor vehicle accidents, assaults (including gunshots), sports injuries, or falls.  Nine clinical specialties in the field of dentistry Oral Medicine & Fixed Prosthodontics Periodontology Orthodontics Removable Prosthodontics Pediatric Dentistry Conservative Dentistry Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery Endodontics Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology  Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology A specialty in dentistry concerned with the production and interpretation of radiographic images that are used for the diagnosis diseases, disorders and conditions of the mouth, face and jaws.  Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology Periapical X-rays: show the whole tooth from the crown, to beyond the root where the tooth attaches to the jaw. X – ray machine:  Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology Panoramic X-rays: Two-dimensional view that shows the whole maxilla and mandible as well as all related teeth.  Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a radiographic imaging method that allows accurate, three-dimensional (3D) imaging of hard tissue structures. CBCT is the most significant among the medical diagnostic imaging modalities that have emerged recently. Thanks  Dental terminology ( Anatomy of the oral cavity ) DR MOHAMED RIAD LECTURER ENDODONTICS FACULTY OF DENTISTRY BADR UNIVERSITY IN ASSIUT Human Dentition Human being have two sets of teeth: 1- Deciduous teeth (primary teeth) 2- Permanent teeth (Secondary teeth) Deciduous teeth These are the primary teeth of the child Number = 20 10 teeth in each jaw They are divided into: Anterior teeth Posterior teeth Deciduous teeth A. Anterior teeth I- Incisors: 4 uppers and 4 lowers 2 central incisors & 2 lateral incisors Function: cutting food, articulating speech, appearance and lips support II- Canines: 2 upper and 2 lower Function: Cutting and shearing food, guide for occlusion and lips support Deciduous teeth B. Posterior teeth Molars: 4 upper and 4 lower in each jaw ( 2 in each quadrant ) Deciduous molars are important in chewing and grinding food during childhood Deciduous teeth Permanent teeth These are the secondary teeth of adult Number of teeth is (32) – 16 in each jaw They are divided into: Anterior teeth ( Incisors and Canines) Posterior teeth ( Premolars and Molars) Permanent teeth A. Anterior teeth I- Incisors: 4 uppers and 4 lowers 2 central incisors & 2 lateral incisors Function: cutting food, articulating speech, appearance and lips support II- Canines: 2 upper and 2 lower Function: Cutting and shearing food, guide for occlusion and lips support – they are the cornerstone of the dental arch Permanent teeth B. Posterior teeth I. Premolars (also known as bicuspids) 4 premolars in each jaw They function with molars in mastication of food II. Molars: 6 upper and 6 lower in each jaw ( 3 in each quadrant) Permanent molars are important in chewing and grinding food during childhood Permanent teeth  Dental formula The dental formula expresses the type and number of teeth per side 1. Primary teeth It is said as (I) incisors , 2 upper and 2 lower – (C) canines, one upper and one lower – (M) molars, 2 upper and 2 lower = 10 per side Dental formula 2- Permanent teeth: It is said as (I) incisors , 2 upper and 2 lower – (C) canines, one upper and one lower – (P) premolars, 2 upper and 2 lower - (M) molars, 3 upper and 3 lower = 16 per side  Palmer notation Palmer notation system for numbering teeth is widely used You will use this numbering system in clinics and in practice when you graduate The universal numbering system Permanent teeth are designated by number, beginning with the last tooth on the upper right side, going on to the last tooth on the left side, then lower left to lower right (Clock wise) There are 32 permanent teeth Deciduous teeth are designated by letters Thank you! DR MOHAMED RIAD - PHD ENDODONTICS