Tenses Grammar PDF

# Tenses ## Tenses Grammar - Choose - Rewriter - Drama 4 - Present - Perfect - Perfect Cont. - Stative Verbs ## Present Perfect - I've just + P.P. - Have already+ P.P. - Has - I've just cooked lunch. - I cooked lunch a short time ago. - I cooked lunch a few minutes ago. - What have you just done?...

# Tenses ## Tenses Grammar - Choose - Rewriter - Drama 4 - Present - Perfect - Perfect Cont. - Stative Verbs ## Present Perfect - I've just + P.P. - Have already+ P.P. - Has - I've just cooked lunch. - I cooked lunch a short time ago. - I cooked lunch a few minutes ago. - What have you just done? - Sara's already cleaned the house. - What has Sara already done? - Sara hasn't cleaned the house yet. - Have you cooked lunch yet? - Yet-already-just-ago - Have you done your homework? That's great! ## Present Perfect Cont - Sing for - Point in time - Past Simple - Last week, year, month. - I've lived here since 2020. - I was born. - For + period of time ## Past Simple and Present Perfect Cont - Time Indicators - I've lived here for 10 years. - I still live here. - I lived here for 10 years. - I don't live here. - I've lived here for 10 years. - It has been 10 years since I lived here. - I started to live here 10 years ago. - I started living here 10 years ago. ## Past Simple and Present Perfect Cont - Examples - I've studied German for 4 years. - It has been 4 years since I studied German. - I started to study German four years ago. - I began studying German four years ago. ## Present Perfect Continous - I've been writing 5 letters since 2 o'clock. - I've been listening to five songs since this morning. - I've been knowing my friend since 2020. ## Stative Verbs - Own - Have - Eat - Spend - Believe - Think - Process - Possess - Want - Belong - Smell - Taste ## Examples with Stative Verbs - Mother smells the soup. - The soup smells nice. ## Past Simple and Present Perfect Cont - Example - My hands are dirty because I cleaned the bike. - I'm tired because I've been running 10 kilometres. ## Always - Always Lot - I am always late. - I always come late. - I don't always come online. - Aya never comes late. # Prefixes and Suffixes - prefix - suffix - explain - explanation # Phrasal Verbs - look (v) - look after (phr. v.) # Phrasal Verbs - Example - My brother left university last year. - My brother dropped out of university. # Present Perfect and Past Simple - With Time Indicators - Present Perfect - A period of time - Past Simple - A point in time ## Present Perfect and Past Simple - Example - I haven't met Ali for the last week. - Father has worked in this factory for 10 years. - Father worked in this factory for 10 years. - Now, he owns his business. # Past Perfect Tense - Had + PP. - Had been +PP ## Past Perfect Tense - Example - By 2020, father built a big house. - In 2020, Grandpa built a big house. # Past Simple - Past Perfect - 2nd action - Had + PP - Past Simple - By the time - After - Before - When # Past Simple - Past Perfect - Example - First, Ali arrived home. - Then, he ate lunch. - After Ali had arrived home, he ate lunch. - Before Ali ate lunch, he had arrived home. # Past Perfect Tense - Active vs. Passive - Had + PP - Hadn't + PP - Had been + PP # Past Perfect - Active vs. Passive - Example - First, Aaya arrived home. - Then, she ate an apple. - After Aaya had arrived home, she ate an apple. - After arriving home, Aaya ate an apple. - Before eating an apple, Aaya had arrived home. # Past Perfect - Other Examples - As soon as father washed the car, he travelled to Alex. - When I got to the bus station, the train had left, therefore, I missed it. - When I saw the snake, I screamed. - On seeing the snake, I screamed. # Past Habits - Used to - Would ## Past Habits - Example - I always study hard. - It's my habit to study hard. - It was my habit to study hard. - I always studied hard. - Aya used to get up early. - Aya usually got up early. - Aya never used to study hard. - I used to go go bed early. - When I was young, I would go to bed early. - When Omar was a child, he would have a bike. ## Past Habits - More Examples - When I was young, I used to go to bed early. - I visited Cairo 3 times last week. # Scanning - skim - for obvious information - scan - for specific information # Be used to / Get used to - get used to - Eng - Be used to - inf. - Be used to # First paper - Writing - Dialogue - Comprehension - Essay - Grammar - Vocabulary - Smart Phones - Internet # First Paper - Details - 21 marks - 90 minutes - 160 marks - 250-300 words - 7 questions - 4 wh- questions - 3 MCQ # Second Paper - Choose - Rewrite - Drama - Vocabulary - Grammar - Poetry - Sonnet 18 - Paraphrase - Rhyme Scheme # Second Paper - Details - 29 marks - 16 marks - 8 marks - 2 vocabulary questions - 3 grammar questions - 12 marks - 5 questions - 1½×2=3 - 4 wh- questions - 3×3=9 - 2 marks - 2 marks # Motivation - Necessity and Obligation - Modals - Must + inf - Must + internal - Must + Rules and Laws - Have + External - Strong Advice # Motivation - Examples - I've got a lot of homework. I must study harder. - Drivers must wear a seatbelt. It's the law. - The streets are busy. I have to walk home. - I strongly advise you to go to bed early. # Must vs. Have To - Examples - Sara must do her homework. - I have to go to school. - We have to go to the store. - You/They have to see the doctor. # Modals - Negative Form - needn't - don't have to - doesn't have to # Mustn't - Prohibitions - mustn't - must not # Mustn't - Example - You mustn't smoke in buses. - It's not allowed to park here. - You mustn't park here. - It's prohibited to park here. # Must/ Have To - Necessary or Not - It's necessary to study hard. - It's not necessary for Ali to get up early. - Ali doesn't have to get up early.