Artificial Intelligence: An Overview PDF

Artificial Intelligence : An Overview Module Outline: ▪ What is Intelligence? ▪ What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? ▪ What fuels AI today? ▪ Stages of AI ▪ Types of AI ▪ Strong AI and Weak AI ▪ Applications of AI ▪ What is not an AI? What is Intelligence? ▪ Intelli...

Artificial Intelligence : An Overview Module Outline: ▪ What is Intelligence? ▪ What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)? ▪ What fuels AI today? ▪ Stages of AI ▪ Types of AI ▪ Strong AI and Weak AI ▪ Applications of AI ▪ What is not an AI? What is Intelligence? ▪ Intelligence is intellectual potential; something we are born with, something that can be measured, and a capacity that is difficult to change. What is Intelligence? ▪ Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences What is Artificial Intelligence? ▪ Artificial Intelligence is a branch of computer science that concerns with building “intelligent” smart machines capable of performing intelligent tasks. ▪ “human intelligence into machines” ▪ A broad area of computer science that makes machines seem like they have human intelligence. ▪ With the rapid advancement in DL and ML, the technology industry is transforming radically. What is AI? “ The Science and Engineering of making Intelligent Machines.” John McCarthy What is AI? What Fuels AI today? What Fuels AI today? ▪ Data and Machine Learning. ▪ Machine learning is the process by which a computer is able to perform a specific task without using explicit instructions. It achieves this result by relying on statistical patterns found in past data. What Fuels AI today? ▪ There are many algorithms that are capable to pick up statistical patterns, they can be split into two families : ▪ Shallow learning decision trees, linear regressions ▪ Deep learning deep neural networks with many hidden layers Stages of AI Stages of AI ▪ Artificial Narrow Intelligence (ANI) accomplishes specific tasks. All Artificial Intelligences today are Narrow. ▪ Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) successfully perform any intellectual task that a human being can ▪ Artificial Super Intelligence (ASI) surpass human intelligence in all aspects — from creativity, to general wisdom, to problem-solving. Types of Artificial Intelligence Types of Artificial Intelligence 1. Reactive Machines AI 2. Limited Memory AI 3. Theory of Mind AI 4. Self-aware AI Reactive Machines AI ▪ This type of AI includes machines that operate solely based on the present data, taking into account only the current situation. ▪ Reactive AI machines cannot form inferences from the data to evaluate their future actions. They can perform a narrowed range of pre-defined tasks. Reactive Machines AI ▪ IBM Chess program that beat the world champion, Garry Kasparov. Reactive Machine AI – Types Of Artificial Intelligence – Edureka Limited Memory AI ▪ Limited Memory AI, can make informed and improved decisions by studying the past data from its memory. ▪ Such an AI has a short-lived or a temporary memory that can be used to store past experiences and hence evaluate future actions. Limited Memory AI ▪ Self-driving cars are Limited Memory AI, that uses the data collected in the recent past to make immediate decisions. Limited Memory AI – Types Of Artificial Intelligence – Edureka Theory of Mind AI ▪ The Theory of Mind AI is a more advanced type of Artificial Intelligence. ▪ This category of machines is speculated to play a major role in psychology. ▪ This type of AI will focus mainly on emotional intelligence so that human believes and thoughts can be better comprehended. Theory of Mind AI ▪ The Theory of Mind AI has not yet been fully developed but rigorous research is happening in this area. Theory of Mind AI – Types Of Artificial Intelligence – Edureka Self-Aware AI ▪ A time where machines have their own consciousness and become self-aware. ▪ This type of AI is a little far fetched given the present circumstances. ▪ A stage of superintelligence might be possible. Self-Aware AI ▪ Geniuses like Elon Musk and Stephen Hawkings have consistently warned us about the evolution of AI. Strong AI and Weak AI ▪ Strong AI The strong AI view holds that it is possible to create intelligent machines that can really reason and solve problems. Such machines are considered to be conscious and self-aware, can independently think about problems. Poker AI True representation of human intelligence in machines. Strong AI and Weak AI ▪ Weak AI The weak AI view holds that intelligent machines cannot really reason and solve problems. These machines only look intelligent, but do not have real intelligence or self- awareness. Sir, Alexa However, it is only responding to what it is programmed to do. It does not understand or derive meaning from what you said. AI ANGER!!!  AI ANGER Classification of Intelligent Robots ▪ Currently, there is no unified definition of AI research. Intelligent robots are generally classified into the following four types: "Thinking like human beings": weak AI, such as Watson and AlphaGo "Acting like human beings": weak AI, such as humanoid robot, iRobot, and Atlas of Boston Dynamics Classification of Intelligent Robots "Thinking rationally": strong AI (Currently, no intelligent robots of this type have been created due to the bottleneck in brain science.) "Acting rationally": strong AI AI Industry Ecosystem ▪ The four elements of AI are data, algorithm, computing power, and scenario. ▪ To meet requirements of these four elements, we need to combine AI with cloud computing, big data, and IoT to build an intelligent society. AI Industry Ecosystem Sub-Fields of AI AI Development Report 2020 Technical Fields and Application Fields of AI Global AI Development White Paper 2020 AI Application Field - Voice Processing ▪ The main topics of voice processing research include voice recognition, voice synthesis, voice wake up, voiceprint recognition, and audio-based incident Question Answering Bot (QABot) Voice navigation detection. Among them, the most mature technology is voice recognition. AI Application Field - NLP Application ▪ The main topics of NLP research include machine translation, text mining, and sentiment analysis. NLP imposes high requirements on technologies but confronts low technology maturity. Theme Trend mining analysis Emotional Public opinion analysis analysis Hotspot event Information distribution Public opinion analysis AI Application Field - Intelligent Healthcare Medicine mining: quick development of personalized medicines by AI assistants Health management: nutrition, and physical/mental health management Hospital management: structured services concerning medical records (focus) Assistance for medical research: assistance for biomedical researchers in research Virtual assistant: electronic voice medical records, intelligent guidance, intelligent diagnosis, and medicine recommendation Medical image: medical image recognition, image marking, and 3D image reconstruction Assistance for diagnosis and treatment: diagnostic robot Disease risk forecast: disease risk forecast based on gene sequencing  AI Application Field - Smart Home ▪ Based on IoT technologies, a smart home ecosystem is formed with hardware, software, and cloud platforms, providing users personalized life services and making home life more convenient, comfortable, and safe. AI Application Field - Retail ▪ AI will bring revolutionary changes to the retail industry. A typical symptom is unmanned supermarkets. ▪ For example, Amazon Go, unmanned supermarket of Amazon, uses sensors, cameras, computer vision, and deep learning algorithms to completely cancel the checkout process, allowing customers to pick up goods and "just walk out". Other AI Application Fields AI Will Change All Industries What is NOT an AI? To set the record straight here are a few things that AI is not : ▪ A proxy of the human brain. Neural Networks are much simpler than the human brain ▪ A robot with human aspect capable of reasoning ▪ A know-it-all computer capable of answering any question ▪ A program capable of predicting the future with 100% accuracy