Agriculture Crops PDF

Agriculture Rice Wheat It is the staple food crop of a majority of the Second most important cereal crop. people in India. It is the main food crop, in north and north-western...

Agriculture Rice Wheat It is the staple food crop of a majority of the Second most important cereal crop. people in India. It is the main food crop, in north and north-western the second largest producer of rice in the world part of the country. after China. Rabi crop Kharif crop Requires cool = growing season High temperature- above 25°C Requires bright sunshine = ripening. High humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. It requires 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall while In less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation. growing. Grown in the plains of north and north-eastern There are two important wheat-growing zones in India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. the country – the Ganga-Satluj plains in the north- Development of dense network of canal irrigation west and black soil region of the Deccan. and tube wells have made it possible to grow rice The major wheat-producing states are Punjab, in areas of less rainfall. Eg: Punjab, Haryana and Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and M.P. western Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan. Maize Millets Crop which is used both as food and fodder. Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown It is a kharif crop in India. Temperature between 21°C to 27°C Coarse grains with very high nutritional value. Grows well in old alluvial soil. Ragi: In some states like Bihar it is grown in rabi season -rich in iron, calcium, other micro nutrients and also. roughage. Use of modern inputs such as HYV seeds, fertilisers -crop of dry regions and grows well on red, and irrigation have contributed to the increasing black, sandy, loamy and shallow black soils. production of maize. -Ragi producing states, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Maize-producing states are Karnataka, Uttar H.P., Uttarakhand, Sikkim, Jharkhand and Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Pradesh. Madhya Pradesh. Jowar: -is the third most important food crop Rubber -Rain-fed crop mostly grown in the moist areas Equatorial crop, but under special conditions, it is which hardly needs irrigation. also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas. -Jowar producing States were Maharashtra, It requires moist and humid climate Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh Rainfall of more than 200 cm. Bajra Temperature above 25°C. -Grows well on sandy soils and shallow black soil. Rubber is an important industrial raw material. -Bajra producing States were: Rajasthan, Uttar It is mainly grown in Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Andaman and Nicobar islands and Garo hills of Meghalaya. In 2010-11 India ranked fourth among the world’s natural rubber producers.  Pulses Sugarcane Largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses It is a tropical as well as a subtropical crop. in the world. It grows well in hot and humid climate These are the major source of protein in a Temperature of 21°C to 27°C vegetarian diet. Annual rainfall between 75cm and 100cm. Major pulses that are grown in India are tur Irrigation is required in the regions of low rainfall. (arhar), urad, moong, masur, peas and gram. It can be grown on a variety of soils and needs Pulses need less moisture and survive even in dry manual labour from sowing to harvesting. conditions. Second largest producer of sugarcane only after Being leguminous crops, all these crops except Brazil. arhar help in restoring soil fertility by fixing It is the main source of sugar, gur (jaggary), nitrogen from the air. khandsari and molasses. Therefore, these are mostly grown in rotation with Sugarcane-producing states are Uttar Pradesh, other crops. Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pulse producing states in India are Madhya Pradesh, Telangana, Bihar, Punjab and Haryana. Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Karnataka. Tea Oil Seeds Tea cultivation is an example of plantation agriculture. In 2008 India was the second largest producer of It is also an important beverage crop introduced in groundnut in the world after china. India initially by the British. In rape seed production India was third largest Today, most of the tea plantations are owned by producer in the world after Canada and China in Indians. 2008. The tea plant grows well in: Different oil seeds are grown covering approximately 1. tropical and sub-tropical climates 12 per cent of the total cropped area of the country. 2. Deep and fertile well-drained soil, Main oil-seeds produced in India are groundnut, 3. Rich in humus and organic matter. mustard, coconut, sesamum (til), soyabean, castor 4. Require warm and moist frost-free climate all seeds, cotton seeds, linseed and sunflower. through the year. Most of these are edible and used as cooking 5. Frequent showers distributed over the year mediums. ensure continuous growth of tender leaves. However, some of these are also used as raw Tea is a labour- intensive industry. It requires material in the production of soap, cosmetics and abundant, cheap and skilled labour. ointments. Tea is processed within the tea garden to restore its Groundnut freshness. - kharif crop and accounts for about half of the Tea-producing states are Assam, hills of Darjeeling major oilseeds produced in the country. and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. Apart from these, Himachal Pradesh, -Gujarat was the largest producer of groundnut Uttarakhand, Meghalaya, Andhra Pradesh and Linseed and mustard are rabi crops. Tripura are also tea-producing states in the country. Sesamum is a kharif in north and rabi in south India. In 2008 India was the third largest producer of tea Castor seed is grown both as rabi and kharif crop. after China and Turkey.  Coffee Horticulture Crops In 2008 India produced 3.2 per cent of the world In 2008 India was the second largest producer of coffee production. fruits and vegetables in the world after China. Indian coffee is known in the world for its good India is a producer of tropical as well as temperate quality. fruits. The Arabica variety initially brought from Yemen is Mangoes of Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, produced in the country. Telangana, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, This variety is in great demand all over the world. Oranges of Nagpur and Cherrapunjee (Meghalaya), Intially its cultivation was introduced on the Baba Bananas of Kerala, Mizoram, Maharashtra and Tamil Budan Hills and even today its cultivation is Nadu, confined to the Nilgiri in Karnataka, Kerala and Lichi and guava of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, Tamil Nadu. Pineapples of Meghalaya, Grapes of Andhra Pradesh, Telangana and Maharashtra, Fiber Crops Apples, Pears, Apricots and Walnuts of Jammu and Cotton, jute, hemp and natural silk are the four Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh are in great demand major fibre crops grown in India. the world over. The first three are derived from the crops grown in India produces about 13 per cent of the world’s the soil, vegetables. the latter is obtained from cocoons of the It is an important producer of pea, cauliflower, silkworms fed on green leaves specially mulberry. onion, cabbage, tomato, brinjal and potato. Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture. Jute It is known as the golden fibre. Cotton Well-drained fertile soils in the flood plains where India is believed to be the original home of the soils are renewed every year. cotton plant. High temperature is required during the time of Cotton is one of the main raw materials for cotton growth. textile industry. West Bengal, Bihar, Assam, Odisha and Meghalaya In 2008 India was second largest producer of are the major jute producing states. cotton after China. It is used in making gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, Cotton grows well in drier parts of the black carpets and other artefacts. cotton soil of the Deccan plateau. Due to its high cost, it is losing market to synthetic High temperature, fibres and packing materials, particularly the nylon. Light rainfall or irrigation, 210 frost-free days Bright sun-shine for its growth. It is a kharif crop Requires 6 to 8 months to mature. Cotton-producing states are– Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu, Punjab, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh.