Unit 5 Terms - Agriculture PDF

Aquaculture - the name given to all farming and rearing of fish and marine plants that do not fall under the fishing category. An example of aquaculture is a salmon farm in which the salmon are reared and harvested in a controlled environment. Luxury Crops - a crop grown to serve some purpose other...

Aquaculture - the name given to all farming and rearing of fish and marine plants that do not fall under the fishing category. An example of aquaculture is a salmon farm in which the salmon are reared and harvested in a controlled environment. Luxury Crops - a crop grown to serve some purpose other than sustaining human life. All of these crops are consumed for reasons other than nutrition and so are called “luxury crops.” Agriculture - The purposeful cultivation of plants or raising of animals to produce goods for survival Bid Rent Theory - A theory that describes the relationships between land value, a commercial location, and transportation (primarily in urban areas) using a bid-rent gradient, or slope; used to describe how land costs are determined. Commercial Agriculture - An agricultural practice that focuses on producing crops and raising animals for the market for others to purchase Crop Rotation - The varying of crops from year to year to allow for the restoration of valuable nutrients and the continuing productivity of the soil Extensive Agriculture - An agricultural practice with relatively few inputs and little investment in labor and capital that results in relatively low outputs Intensive Agriculture - An agricultural practice in which farmers expend a great deal of effort to produce as much yield as possible form an area of land. Market (Truck) Gardening - A type of farming that produces fruits, vegetables, and flowers and typically serves a specific market or urban area Nomadic Herding - A type of agriculture based on people moving their domesticated animals seasonally or as needed to allow the best grazing Plantation Agriculture - A type of large-scale commercial farming of one particular crop grown for markets often distant from the plantation Shifting Cultivation - The agricultural practice of growing crops or grazing animals on a piece of land for a year or two, then abandoning that land when the nutrients have been depleted from the soil and moving to a new piece of land where the process is repeated. Slash-and-Burn Agriculture (Swidden) - A method of agriculture in which existing vegetation is cut down and burned off before new seeds are sown; often used when clearing land Subsistence Agriculture - An agricultural practice that provides crops or livestock to feed one’s family and close community using fewer mechanical resources and more people to care for the crops and livestock. Transhumance - The movement of herds between pastures at cooler, higher elections during the summer months and lower elevations during the winter Columbian exchange- The exchange of goods and ideas between the Americans, Europe, and Africa. Enclosure system- Communal lands- lands owned by a community rather than by an individual were replaced by farms owned by individuals. GMO) Genetically modified organisms- Can enhance the ability of the new strains to resist disease or drought or to have more nutritional impact or consumer appeal. Agribusiness- Refers to the large-scale system that includes the production, processing, and distribution of agricultural products and equipment. Commodity chain- the rise of agribusiness has led to the establishment of a complex network that connects places of production with distribution to consumers. Tariffs- A tax or duty to be paid on a particular import or export. Farm subsidies -low cost loans and insurance and payments to help farmers and agribusinesses make sure there is enough food production. Cash crop- a crop that is produced for its commercial value. Fair trade- a global campaign to fix unfair wage practices and protect the ability of farmers to earn a living. Terracing- the process of carving parts of a hill or mountainside into small, level, growing plots. Deforestation- loss of forest lands. And even soil erosion. Aquifer- Layers of underground sand, gravel, and rocks that contain and can release a usable amount of water. Desertification- a form of land degradable that occurs when soil deteriorates to a desert-like condition. Food Desert - An area where residents lack access to healthy, nutritious foods because stores selling these foods are to far away Food security- reliable access to safe, nutritious food that can support a healthy and active lifestyle.