AFA Aquaculture PDF

AQUACULTURE & FISHING GEAR Defining Aquaculture and Its signifance in Global Food Security. Introduction Aquaculture - is also known as "aquafarming". - it is breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. Basically, it's farming in water. - the farming or cultivation o...

AQUACULTURE & FISHING GEAR Defining Aquaculture and Its signifance in Global Food Security. Introduction Aquaculture - is also known as "aquafarming". - it is breeding, raising, and harvesting fish, shellfish, and aquatic plants. Basically, it's farming in water. - the farming or cultivation of aquatic organisms. NEXT PAGE Introductio n SIGNIFICANCE IN GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY MORE JOBS AND HEALTHY ADAPTING TO FOOD ECONOMY FOOD CLIMATE CHANGE Aquaculture helps Aquaculture creates Fish and shellfish are Aquaculture requires provide a steady supply jobs and supports local packed with nutrients less land and water of seafood to meet the economies, especially in like protein, omega-3 than raising livestock, growing demand for coastal and rural areas fatty acids, and which makes it a good protein, especially as where fish farming is vitamins, which are option as the world wild fish stocks are common. important for a healthy faces climate change decreasing due to diet. challenges. overfishing. Introduction Fishing Gear - refers to the equipment and tools used to catch fish. Role of fishing gear in sustainable fishing practices. - Fish gear plays a crucial role in sustainable fishing practices by influencing the efficiency, selectivity, and environmental impact of fishing activities. Introductio n Importance of Aquaculture and fishing gear in Environmental AQUACULTU FISHING RE GEAR Reduced Pressure on Wild Fish Selective Fishing: Stocks: Aquaculture helps to meet The design and use of fishing gear global seafood demand without that minimizes bycatch (non-target over-exploiting wild fish species) and damage to populations. By farming fish in ecosystems is vital for preserving controlled environments, marine life aquaculture reduces the need for wild catch, which is crucial for preserving marine biodiversity. Introduction Importance of Aquaculture and fishing gear in Economical AQUACULTU FISHING RE GEAR Job Creation: Increased Efficiency and Aquaculture operations, from fish Profitability: farming to processing and Advanced, sustainable fishing gear distribution, create numerous jobs can make fishing operations more in local economies, particularly in efficient, leading to higher yields coastal or rural areas and reduced operational costs Introduction Importance of Aquaculture and fishing gear in Social AQUACULTU FISHING RE GEAR Food Security and Nutrition: Improved Health and Safety: Aquaculture is a key provider of The use of efficient and affordable protein in many parts of environmentally-friendly gear the world, helping to address reduces the health risks associated malnutrition and improve food with fishing, such as injury from security, particularly in regions entanglement in harmful nets or where access to other sources of exposure to toxic substances from animal protein may be limited polluted water. OVERVIEW: DEFINITION & SCOPE Fish Farming - Fish farming, also known as pisciculture, involves raising fish in controlled environments like ponds, tanks, cages, or raceways. This practice aims to produce fish for food, recreation, or other purposes. - Fish farming in the Philippines is diverse, encompassing both freshwater and saltwater species. OVERVIEW: DEFINITION & SCOPE Shellfish Farming - Shellfish farming, also known as mariculture, involves the cultivation of shellfish, such as oysters, mussels, clams, and crabs, in controlled aquatic environments. - Shellfish farming in the Philippines focuses on a variety of bivalves and crustaceans. OVERVIEW: DEFINITION & SCOPE Seaweed Farming - Seaweed farming, also known as algal culture, involves cultivating seaweed in controlled environments, typically in the ocean or in tanks. - Seaweed farming in the Philippines targets various species, primarily for food, biofuel, and bioproducts. TYPES OF AQUACULTURE: Marine Aquaculture - Marine Aquaculture: This type involves cultivating aquatic organisms in saltwater environments, such as oceans, seas, and coastal areas. Examples include farming of fish like salmon, shrimp, oysters, and seaweed. TYPES OF AQUACULTURE: Freshwater Aquaculture - Freshwater Aquaculture: This type focuses on raising aquatic organisms in freshwater sources like lakes, rivers, and ponds. Common examples include farming of fish like carp, catfish, tilapia, and freshwater prawns. TYPES OF AQUACULTURE: Integrated Multitrophic Aquaculture (IMTA) - Integrated Multi-trophic Aquaculture (IMTA): This innovative system combines the cultivation of different species within a single ecosystem. It involves raising multiple species at different trophic levels, such as fish, shellfish, and seaweed. KEY AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS: 1. POND CULTURE Pond culture is the most traditional and widely used aquaculture system, involving the cultivation of fish and shellfish in enclosed bodies of water. These ponds can be constructed from various materials, including earth, concrete, or plastic, and are typically designed to mimic natural aquatic environments. KEY AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS: 2. CAGE CULTURE Cage culture involves rearing fish and shellfish within enclosed structures, known as cages or net pens, submerged in natural water bodies like lakes, rivers, or oceans. These enclosures provide a controlled environment for fish growth while allowing for natural water flow. KEY AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS: 3. RECIRCULATING AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS (RAS) Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) are closed-loop systems that recirculate and treat water, minimizing water usage and environmental impact. These systems typically consist of tanks, filters, and other components that maintain optimal water quality for KEY AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS: 4. RACEWAY AND FLOW-THROUGH SYSTEMS Raceway and are semi-intensive systems that utilize a continuous flow of fresh water. Raceways are long, narrow channels that allow for efficient water flow and fish movement. Flow- through systems utilize a constant inflow of fresh water, typically from KEY AQUACULTURE SYSTEMS: 5. OPEN OCEAN AND OFFSHORE AQUACULTURE Open ocean aquaculture, also referred to as offshore aquaculture, represents a significant advancement in the field of marine aquaculture. This system involves cultivating marine organisms in deeper waters, away from the influence of coastal environments, TYPES OF FISHING GEAR AND THEIR USES PASSIVE GEAR 1. TRAPS AND POTS - are a stationary fishing method that uses submerged cages to catch fish and crustaceans. - are often used to catch crustaceans like lobsters and crabs, but can also catch fish like scup, black sea bass, and eels. TYPES OF FISHING GEAR AND THEIR USES PASSIVE GEAR 2. GILLNETS AND TRAMMELS NETS Gillnets is a single wall of netting Trammel nets is a three-layered net that hangs vertically in the water with a finer mesh sandwiched column. The mesh is designed to between two layers of coarser mesh. allow fish to get their head through Fish get trapped in pockets formed but not their body, trapping their gills. when they push a section of fine TYPES OF FISHING GEAR AND THEIR USES PASSIVE GEAR 3. HOOKS AND LONGLINES - are a type of fishing gear that involves attaching baited hooks to a long line, or mainline, that is trailed behind a boat. - Longlines can range in length from a few hundred meters in coastal fisheries to more than 50 km in large scale mechanized fisheries. TYPES OF FISHING GEAR AND THEIR USES ACTIVE GEAR 1. TRAWLS - is a cone-shaped net that's towed behind a boat to catch fish and other organisms: Trawling is a common fishing method that's been used for centuries. The net is towed through the water in different ways, depending on the type of trawl and the target species: Bottom Trawl: Midwater Trawl: Towed along the sea floor Towed through the water TYPES OF FISHING GEAR AND THEIR USES ACTIVE GEAR 2. SEINE NETS - is a long net used for fishing that is set from a boat or the shore to surround a specific area. - are one of the oldest types of commercial fishing nets and are used to catch demersal species. TYPES OF FISHING GEAR AND THEIR USES ACTIVE GEAR 3. DREDGES - is a machine or tool used to remove sediment, sludge, and debris from the bottom of bodies of water, or to catch shellfish.  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Best Practices in Aquaculture: 1. EFFICIENT FEED USAGE In aquaculture, it’s important to use the right amount of feed for the fish.  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Best Practices in Aquaculture: 2. WASTE MANAGEMENT Fish farms have systems to collect and properly dispose of waste from the fish.  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Best Practices in Aquaculture: 3. DISEASE CONTROL Fish farms use various methods to prevent diseases in fish, such as vaccinations, proper sanitation, and  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Eco-friendly Fishing Gears: 1. Bycatch Reduction Devices (BRDs) These are devices used in fishing nets to allow non-target fish or smaller fish to escape  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Eco-friendly Fishing Gears: 2. Reducing Habitat Damage Fishing gear that doesn’t damage coral reefs or the seafloor helps protect marine ecosystems  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Legal and Policy Aspects: 1. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) These are areas where fishing is prohibited to protect ecosystems  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Legal and Policy Aspects: 2. No-Fishing Zones These are areas where fishing is not allowed to provide a safe space for fish to grow and reproduce.  SUSTAINABILITY IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHING GEAR Legal and Policy Aspects: 3. Fishing Regulations There are laws that limit how many fish can be caught or what types of fishing gear can be used. Challenges in Aquaculture and Fishing Gear Use Environmental Impact: Pollution: Chemicals, waste, and excess feed from aquaculture operations can harm water quality and marine life. Habitat Fishing gear and aquaculture infrastructure can damage habitats, Destruction: such as coral reefs or seagrass beds. Invasive Non-native species introduced through aquaculture or ballast Species: water can outcompete native species and alter ecosystems. Challenges in Aquaculture and Fishing Gear Use Resource Management: Overexploitation of wild fish stocks for human consumption and Overfishing: Overexploitation of wild fish stocks for human feed for aquaculture. consumption and feed for aquaculture. Depletion of The use of wild-caught fish for feed in wild fish stocks for aquaculture can deplete wild populations feed: Challenges in Aquaculture and Fishing Gear Use Economic Constraints: High setupOverexploitation of wild fish stocks for human consumption and Sustainable aquaculture systems and and feed for aquaculture. Maintenance selective fishing gear can be expensive to Costs : establish and maintain. Market Price volatility and market fluctuations can Fluctuations: make it challenging for small-scale fisheries and aquaculture operators to operate profitably. Challenges in Aquaculture and Fishing Gear Use Health and Diseases: Overexploitation of wild fish stocks for human consumption and Fish Outbreaks of diseases like salmon anemia, feed for aquaculture. Diseases: shrimp white spot syndrome, and others can devastate aquaculture operations. Biosecurity The introduction of pathogens through Risks: contaminated water, feed, or equipment can compromise aquaculture operations. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IMPROVED AQUACULTURE 1 SYSTEM Recirculatory Aquaculture System (RAS) is a technology where water is recycled and reused after mechanical and biological filtration and removal of suspended TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IMPROVED AQUACULTURE 2 SYSTEM Offshore cage technology is a commercial practice that involves raising aquatic species in cages that are TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS IMPROVED AQUACULTURE 3 SYSTEM Biofloc technology is a system of aquaculture that uses "microbial biotechnology to increase the efficacy and utilization of fish feeds, where toxic materials such as nitrogen components are treated and converted to a useful product, like a protein for using as supplementary TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS ADVANCE FISHING GEAR 1 Selective gear, or gear selectivity is the ability of fishing equipment to capture certain fish while allowing TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS ADVANCE FISHING GEAR 2 Biodegradable materials is to reduce marine plastic pollution and protect marine life. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS ADVANCE FISHING GEAR 3 Escape windows for non- target species is a type of bycatch reduction device that can be fitted to fishing nets to allow non-target species to TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS MONITORING TOOLS 1 Satellite and GPS Tracking: using technology to find and track fishing locations. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS MONITORING TOOLS 2 Automated Feeders is a device that automatically feeds fish or other aquatic creatures at a set time. TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS MONITORING TOOLS 3 Water Quality Monitoring Systems is a device that measures and analyzes water quality parameters to assess THANK YOU!