End Use Of Catches - BIOL3305 Lecture - PDF

End use of catches Dirk Zeller Sea Around Us – Indian Ocean  So far We have covered: Basics of fisheries biology & stock assessment Catches Fishing effort Stock status (overfished/overfishing) Fishing gears Fishing...

End use of catches Dirk Zeller Sea Around Us – Indian Ocean  So far We have covered: Basics of fisheries biology & stock assessment Catches Fishing effort Stock status (overfished/overfishing) Fishing gears Fishing sectors Bycatch & discards IUU & DWF 2/23  ~ 100 Mt per year of fish caught…. Plus millions of tonnes of aquaculture production Lot of fish … What happens to it? How is the catch used, for what? “End Use” 3/23 4/23 5/23  Western-world style seafood markets 6/23  Asian seafood markets 7/23  African seafood markets 8/23  Aquaculture What are these fish farmers feeding their fish? 9/23  10/22 Aquaculture Commercially processed fish food (pellets): What exactly are these fish farmers feeding their fish? 10/23  Chicken farming What exactly are we feeding chickens? 11/23  Pig farming What exactly are we feeding pigs? 12/23  Cashion T (2016) The end use of marine fisheries landings. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 24(3), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. 108 p. 13/23 Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844  End use of marine fisheries landings Characterize the role of landed catches by 3 categories of end use DHC – Direct Human Consumption FMFO – Fish Meal and Fish Oil; reduction fisheries Other – e.g., direct feed (‘trash fish’), fertilizer, industrial use Considered: all commercial landings (industrial and artisanal) Not considered: Subsistence & recreational (DHC) Discards (discards) Large pelagic fisheries catches (data layer 3) all DHC or discards…. High value species Proportions of landings destined for DHC, FMFO and ‘other use’ by taxon, fishing country and year Annual variations exist and may be driven by market fluctuations and condition of landings Estimated catch input into End Use, not product output, thus “catches destined for FMFO production” not “FMFO product output” Ratio ~ 5:1 Cashion T (2016) The end use of marine fisheries landings. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 24(3), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. 108 p. 14/23 Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844  15/22 End use of marine fisheries landings Wide variety of secondary data and Information sources: Official national statistics News reports Company press releases Industry information Historical reports Scientific journal articles Specifically examined 62 countries for 1950 to 2010 Fishing countries categorized intro three types: 1. With dedicated reduction fisheries (e.g., Peru, Denmark) 2. Where FMFO production dominated by by-products (e.g., France) 3. With no FMFO production from by-products or reduction fisheries (e.g., Iraq, Sudan) Since 2010 massive changes for type 3 becoming type 1, mainly driven by Chinese activities: West Africa Cashion T (2016) The end use of marine fisheries landings. Fisheries Centre Research Reports 24(3), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver. 108 p. 15/23 Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844  Chinese FMFO factories in West Africa & Troubled fisheries in Africa Large number of Chinese fishmeal plants throughout West Africa Fed/supplied by Chinese & local trawlers (fish for biomass bulk) Buy fish in bulk from local artisanal fishers, bypassing local fresh fish markets Contribution of West Africa to global FM production has increased 10-fold between 2010 and 2019 Majority of FM exported to Asia and Europe…. W Africa historically extremely rich fishing grounds that supplied and fed regional populations & exported food-fish to other regions in Africa and internationally Now import fish for local food supply https://adf-magazine.com/2021/06/report-fishmeal-industry-depletes-west-african-waters/ https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210323-the-factories-turning-west-africas-fish-into-powder https://chinadialogueocean.net/11980-fishmeal-factories-threaten-food-security-in-the-gambia/ Read Belhabib et al. (2019) Belhabib et al. (2019) Marine Policy 101: 80-92 16/23  Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844 17/23  End use of industrial and artisanal marine landings (excluding discards, subsistence/recreational) Overall ~25% (~18 MT·year-1) for FMFO production During 2000s FMFO proportion had declined from 30% in mid-1990s to 18% by 2010 Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844 18/23  End use by geographic region 20/22 Europe S. America Decline in FMFO use in 2000s driven by reductions in such use in Europe (a) Last few years (2005 onwards) Africa Asia indicating growth of FMFO in Africa (c), massively increased after 2010 South America (b) dominated by Chile and Peru, massive reduction fisheries for Peruvian anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) Oceania N. America Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844 19/23  End use of industrial and artisanal marine landings (excluding discards, subsistence/recreational) Top ten species used for FMFO accounted for ~77% of FMFO destined catches, but reduced to ~53% by 2010 Implies growing diversity of taxa used for FMFO More catch of non-top 10 taxa are diverted to FMFO Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844 20/23  End use of industrial and artisanal marine landings (excluding discards, subsistence/recreational) Over 90% of catch destined for non-DHC use are food-grade or prime food-grade fish taxa Very little catch used for non-DHC uses are industrial-grade fish that have no DHC markets Cashion et al. (2017) Fish and Fisheries 18(5): 837-844 21/23  End use of catches Intensive feed-lot operations: aquaculture, chicken, pig farming Driving many global fisheries, especially in developing country waters… best use of fish resources? W Africa situation highlights a massive equity problem Redirecting food from the poor and food in-secure to the rich and food secure Watch (6-7 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F5P_0_kQnt4 Questions? Sea Around Us – Indian Ocean