Airside Driving Theory Handbook PDF

A IRSIDE D RIVING Theory Handbook 5th Edition  A IRSIDE D RIVING Theory Handbook...

A IRSIDE D RIVING Theory Handbook 5th Edition  A IRSIDE D RIVING Theory Handbook 5th Edition Copyright 2010 - 2024 Changi Airport Group (Singapore) Pte Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this handbook may be reproduced in any manner or medium, whether wholly or in part without the written permission of the copyright owner.  Contents SECTION I Introduction 1. Introduction 4 1.1. Purpose 5 1.2. Review and Revision of Contents 5 1.3. Legislation 5 1.4. Jurisdiction 6 1.5. Access Control 6 1.6. Suspension or Revocation of Airfield Driving 6 and Vehicle Permits 1.7. Surrender of Airfield Driving Permits 6 1.8. Notice of Offence (NOO) 7 1.9. Directions to CAG Airside Driving Centre (ADC) 7 2. Abbreviations and Definitions 8 Useful Contact Details 13 SECTION II Airside Driving 3. Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving 14 3.1. Requirements for Drivers 15 3.2. Requirements for Vehicles 23 4. Driving in the Airside 26 4.1. Pre-­Driving Checks 27 4.2. Passenger Load 27 4.3. High Visibility Vest/Raincoat Specifications 28 4.4. General Driving Conduct (Dos and Don’ts) 29 4.5. Speed Limits Around the Airside (Kilometres per hour) 32 4.6. Right of Way 32 4.7. Driving on Airside Roadways 35 4.8. Driving in Aircraft Stands 44 4.9. Baggage Handling Areas (BHA) 52 4.10. Taxiway Crossings 52 4.11. Safety Distances from Aircraft 55 4.12. Vehicle Refueling 57 4.13. Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities 57 4.14. Driving in Low Visibility Conditions 58 4.15. Towing 59 2 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Contents 4.16. Operation of Forklifts 60 4.17. Operation of Boom Lifts and Scissors Lifts 60 4.18. Operation of Baggage Handling Area Buggies 61 4.19. Vehicle Parking in the Airside 61 5. Escorting Vehicles in Airside 62 5.1. Objectives 63 5.2. Requirements for Escort Drivers 63 5.3. General Roles & Responsibilities of Escort Drivers/ 64 Drivers Under Escort 5.4. Escorting Vehicles on Airside Roadways 65 5.5. Briefing by Escort Driver 65 6. Traffic Markings and Signs 66 6.1. Airside Road Markings 67 6.2. Manoeuvring Area Signs and Roadway Markings 68 6.3. Traffic Signs 69 6.4. Work Zone Signs 72 6.5. Traffic Instruction by Authorised Officer 72 6.6. Speed Regulating Device 72 7. Incident Reporting 73 7.1. Vehicle Breakdown 74 7.2. Vehicle Incidents 75 7.3. Fuel and Hydraulic Oil Spillages 77 8. Airside Hotspots 78 SECTION III Enforcement 9. Enforcement 84 9.1. Suspension or Revocation of ADP 85 9.2. Suspension Framework 85 9.3. Drivers Involved in Incidents 86 10. Changi By-Laws Composition of Offences 87 CHANGI AIRPORT AIRSIDE MAP Airside Driving Theory Handbook 3 Introduction 1  Introduction Section I Introduction 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1. Purpose The Airside Driving Theory Handbook (ADTH) sets out the rules and regulations governing driving in the airside of Changi Airport. The contents of this handbook apply to all drivers who operate any vehicle within the airside. For the safety of drivers, passengers onboard aircraft and any other personnel operating in the airside, the rules and regulations set out in this handbook shall be complied with. All drivers operating in the airside shall possess a valid Airfield Driving Permit authorising him to drive vehicle(s) of the classification stated. Driving without a valid Airfield Driving Permit is an infringement of Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore By-Laws. 1.2. Review and Revision of Contents The contents of this handbook will be reviewed annually and on an as-required basis. Any supplement or revision to the contents of this handbook can be found on the Changi Airport Group website. CAG ADC Website: https://www.changiairport.com/corporate/e-services/documents.html An Airside Operations Notice (AON) or Airside Safety Notice (ASN) will also be published to inform the airside community of any supplement or revision. Drivers shall comply with all rules and regulations including any supplement or revision. 1.3. Legislation All personnel operating in the airside are governed by the following rules and regulations including any subsequent amendments: 1.3.1. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore Act 2009. 1.3.2. The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (Changi Airport) By- Laws 2009, in particular By-Laws 67 and 64 for Airfield Driving Permit and Airfield Vehicle Permit, respectively. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 5  Introduction Section I Introduction 1.3.3. Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (Composition of Offences) Regulations 2009. 1.3.4. Protected Areas and Protected Places Act (Chapter 256) (Note: In addition, the Penal Code is applicable in certain traffic accidents determined by the State Police). 1.3.5. Workplace Safety and Health Act. 1.4. Jurisdiction All vehicles and handling operations at the airside, apron, and designated roadways are under the control and jurisdiction of Changi Airport Group (S) Pte Ltd (“CAG”), the airport licensee. The control of aircraft taxiing from runways to aircraft stands and vice versa by Changi Tower is under the control and jurisdiction of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (CAAS). 1.5. Access Control All drivers and vehicles entering the airside shall have their Airfield Driving Permit (ADP), and Airfield Vehicle Permit (AVP) or Temporary Entry Permit (TEP) validated by the Auxiliary Police Officer at the entry point. 1.6. Suspension or Revocation of Airfield Driving and Vehicle Permits CAG may suspend or revoke an ADP if (a) There has been a contravention of any condition of the permit; (b) The person to whom the permit has been issued is not competent to drive the relevant vehicle; (c) It would not be in the interest of public safety for him to hold a driving permit. CAG may also at any time in its discretion suspend or revoke any AVP or ADP without assigning any reason therefore under By-Law 79 and 80 or the CAAS (Changi Airport) By-Laws 2009. 1.7. Surrender of Airfield Driving Permits The ADP holder must declare and return the ADP (if possess a physical copy) to CAG Airside Driving Centre (ADC) upon resignation, cessation 6 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Introduction Section I Introduction of driving duties for his employer or if ADP has been suspended or revoked. If the driver’s state driving license is revoked/expired, he/she must similarly declare to CAG ADC as the state driving license is a pre- requisite for holding the ADP. The employer must also ensure that the ADP holder complies with this clause. 1.8. Notice of Offence (NOO) Any person who contravenes the CAAS (Changi Airport) By-Laws 2009 or fails to comply with the conditions of any permit or pass issued under the CAAS (Changi Airport) By-Laws 2009 will be issued a Notice of Offence. See Section 10 of this handbook. The regulations do not restrict CAG from suspending an ADP when it is deemed necessary. 1.9 Directions to CAG Airside Driving Centre (ADC) Airside Driving Theory Handbook 7 Abbreviations and Definitions 2  Abbreviations and Definitions Section I Introduction 2 ABBREVIATIONS AND DEFINITIONS ACC means Airside Control Centre. Accident means an occurrence associated with the operation or handling of an aircraft in which a person is fatally or seriously injured, or the aircraft sustains damage (adapted from the definition in ICAO Annex 13). ABL means Apron Boundary Line. ADC means Changi Airport Group (S) Pte Ltd Airside Driving Centre. ADP or Airfield means an airfield driving permit issued by the airport Driving Permit licensee. ADSCT means Airfield Driving and Safety Compliance Test. Aerodrome means the Changi Aerodrome managed by the Authority and includes any road or uncovered area which is within the limits of the aerodrome, but does not include any road or uncovered area to which the public has access. AES means Airport Emergency Service. Aircraft Stand means an area on an apron for parking of aircraft. Airside means the movement area of the airport and the adjacent terrain and buildings or parts thereof, access to which is controlled, but does not include the cargo handling area. AMC means Airside Management Centre. APD means Airport Police Division. Apron means the part of the airport, other than the manoeuvring area, to be used for accommodating aircraft for the purposes of embarkation or disembarkation of passengers, loading or unloading of mail or cargo, or fuelling, parking or maintenance of aircraft. ARRC means Airfield Rules and Regulations Course. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 9  Abbreviations and Definitions Section I Introduction ARRRC means Airfield Rules and Regulations Refresher Course. ART means Airfield Rules Test. ASM means Airside Management. ATC means CAAS Air Traffic Control Authorised means: Person (a) Any other officer or employee of the airport licensee; or (b) Any person duly authorised by the airport licensee to act on its behalf. AV means Autonomous Vehicle, which are vehicles that are self-operated and without a Driver on Board AVP or Airfield means an airfield vehicle permit issued by the airport Vehicle Permit authority. BHA means Baggage Handling Area. CAAS means Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. CAG means Changi Airport Group (S) Pte Ltd. Category One is the airfield driving permit which allows the holder to Airfield Driving enter the taxiways, subject to approval from Changi Permit Tower. Refer to the Category One Airside Driving Theory Handbook for more details. Category is the airfield driving permit which allows the driver to 1R (CAT1R) enter the runways and taxiways, subject to approval Airfield from ATC Changi Tower. Refer to the Category One Driving Airside Driving Theory Handbook for more details. Permit Category One is the vehicle permit which allows the vehicle to enter Airfield Vehicle the runways and taxiways, subject to approval from Permit Changi Tower. Refer to the Category One Airside Driving Theory Handbook for more details. Driver means in relation to any towed object, includes a driver of a vehicle by which the towed object is drawn. The word “drive” shall be construed accordingly. 10 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Abbreviations and Definitions Section I Introduction EPA means Equipment Parking Area. ERA means Equipment Restraint Area. ESA means Equipment Staging Area. “Follow Me” means a vehicle used to guide aircraft or other vehicles. Vehicle GP means Glide Path. Incident means an occurrence, other than an accident as described above, associated with the operation or handling of an aircraft, which affects or could affect the safety of operations. ILS means Instrument Landing System. Keep Clear means zones in aircraft stands that are marked with Zone white hatched lines and “No Parking” signs painted on the ground. These zones shall be kept clear of personnel, vehicles, and equipment prior to arrival of aircraft and after departure of aircraft. Manoeuvring means the part of the airport to be used for the taking Area off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, but does not include areas set aside to accommodate aircraft, for the embarkation and disembarkation of passengers, for the loading or unloading of mail or cargo, or for fuelling, parking or maintenance of aircraft (i.e. the Apron). Movement means the part of the airport that includes both the Area Apron and the Manoeuvring Area. NOO means Notice of Offence, referring to Notice of Composition of Offences, which is a report of any violations of the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore (Composition of Offences) Regulations 2009. Perimeter means roadways within the airside that allow vehicles Roadway to move around the airport clear of the Apron and Manoeuvring Area. PLB means Passenger Loading Bridge. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 11  Abbreviations and Definitions Section I Introduction Primary means roadways in front of all aircraft parking stands Roadway and baggage handling areas meant for movement of vehicles and equipment. Runway means a defined rectangular area prepared for the landing and taking-off of aircraft. Secondary means roadways behind all aircraft parking stands Roadway meant for movement of vehicles and equipment that are not allowed to use the primary roadways or unable to access the primary roadways due to height limit restrictions. Taxiway means a defined path established for the taxiing of aircraft and to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome and another, including (a) Aircraft stand taxi-lane, where a portion of the apron designated as a taxiway and to provide access to aircraft stands only; (b) Apron taxiway, where a portion of the taxiway system located on the apron for the purposes of providing a through taxi route across the apron; (c) Parallel taxiway, where a portion of the taxiway system used for the purposes of providing a through taxi route to other parts of the aerodrome; (d) Exit taxiway, where a taxiway is connected to a runway for the purposes of providing a through taxi route into the runway; and (e) Rapid exit taxiway, where a taxiway is connected to a runway at an acute angle and is designed to allow landing aircraft to turn off at higher speeds than may be achieved on other exit taxiways, thereby minimising runway occupancy times. TEP means Temporary Entry Permit. 12 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Useful Contact Details Section I Introduction USEFUL CONTACT DETAILS CHANGI AIRPORT GROUP (S) PTE LTD Airside Control Centre (ACC) 6541 2151 Airside Management Centre (AMC) 6541 2275 Airport Emergency Service (AES) 6541 2525 Airside Driving Centre (ADC) [email protected] AIRPORT ORGANISATIONS Medical Emergency Hotline 6543 2223 Airport Police Division (APD) 6546 0000 Changi Airport Fuel Hydrant Installation (CAFHI) 6546 4316 Fault Management Centre (FMC) 6541 2424 CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF SINGAPORE (CAAS) AIR TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC) Changi Tower 6541 2416 Changi East Tower 6592 2295 Airside Driving Theory Handbook 13 Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving 3  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving 3 QUALIFYING REQUIREMENTS FOR AIRSIDE DRIVING 3.1. Requirements for Drivers 3.1.1. Eligibility for Airside Driving Personnel who are required to drive in the airside shall: (a) Possess a valid seasonal Airport Pass from Airport Police Division for access to the airside. IM EN EC SP (b) Possess a valid Class 3 Driving License issued by the Singapore N E Traffic Police (TP) or state licensing E CIM authority (outside Singapore), or an SP International Driving Permit equivalent to Class 3. Damaged or defaced licenses are not acceptable. IM EN Licenses and supporting documents EC not in English shall be supported SP by translation from recognised authorities. (c) Possess an Airfield Driving Permit (ADP) issued by Changi Airport IM EN EC Group (CAG) Airside Driving SP Centre (ADC) with authorised vehicle classes* displayed. No person shall drive vehicle of any description in the airside unless he is the holder of a valid ADP for the appropriate class of vehicle. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 15  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving *VEHICLE/EQUIPMENT CLASSIFICATION A Passenger Loading Bridge (PLB) B Passenger Loading Bridge (PLB) – For cleaning and maintenance contractors. F Forklift/Fork Truck 3 Motor Vehicle (Unladen weight ≤ 2,500kg). 3A Motor Vehicle with automatic transmission (Unladen weight ≤ 2,500kg). 3C Issued only to foreigners1 who wish to drive Class 3 vehicles after converting their foreign driving licence. Not valid for driving light goods vehicles, mini vans and small buses. 3CA Issued only to foreigners1 who wish to drive Class 3C vehicles with an automatic transmission. Not valid for Class 3 vehicles with manual gear transmission, light goods vehicles, mini vans and small buses. 4/4D Motor Vehicle constructed to carry load or passengers (Unladen weight > 2,500kg). 4T Motor Tractor Only (Unladen weight > 2,500kg but < 7,250kg). 5/5S Motor Vehicles not constructed to carry any load (Unladen weight > 7,250kg). Note: 4D, 4T and 5S are internal vehicle classes restricted for group of personnel authorised by CAG and certified by SATS, dnata and SIAEC only. Minimum age applies for these, in accordance with relevant Traffic Police requirements. 3.1.2. Passenger Loading Bridge (PLB) Operator Permit In order to operate a PLB, an operator must possess a PLB permit. To obtain this, operator shall undergo a PLB course provided by SATS, dnata or ShinMaywa and pass a practical test conducted by CAG. 1 For foreign state licenses, only Class 3 or equivalent are recognised. 16 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving 3.1.3. Access Zones ADP holders are only allowed to drive within the apron areas and airside roadways. A Category 1 or Category 1R ADP is required to drive in the manoeuvring area, which consists of the runway, taxiway, and taxi-lanes. Refer to the Changi Airport Airside Map in Appendix for roadways accessible by non-CAT1 drivers. For more information on qualifying requirements for Category 1 and Category 1R ADP, please contact CAG ADC or refer to the Category One (CAT 1) Airside Driving Theory Handbook. 3.1.4. Airfield Driving Permit (ADP) Application Process To register for a new ADP, application shall be submitted on APIES, the Airside Driving/Vehicle Permit Management System. The system can be accessed via https://apies3.changiairport.com/APIES/Login The general qualification process is described below: Prepare for 1 Prepare 2 Airfield Rules documentation Test Valid Class 3 Driving License/ Training at International Driving Authorised Permit (Class 3) Centres (ARRC)** Valid Airport Pass Self-­Study Other documentation* Apply for Airfield Rules 3 Test (ART), 5 4 Pass ART Apply for Airfield Driving Safety & Issue ADP Compliance Test (ADSCT), Pass ADSCT * For details on documentation required, refer to Conditions of Application available on CAG APIES website. ** SATS and DNATA Training Centres (refer to Section 3.1.4.4). Airside Driving Theory Handbook 17  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving Details of the process are described in the sections below. 3.1.4.1. Medical Declaration All drivers aged 65 years and above shall produce a medical declaration/certificate from any general practitioner stating that he or she is fit to drive. This declaration/certificate shall be produced when applying for a new ADP or renewing an existing ADP2. 3.1.4.2. Airfield Rules Test (ART) The ART is a computerised theory test to assess drivers on airside driving safety and regulations learnt from this ADTH. The test consists of multiple choice questions to be completed in one hour. The ART is offered in English, Chinese, Malay, Tamil and Burmese. 3.1.4.3. Airfield Driving and Safety Compliance Test (ADSCT) The ADSCT is a practical driving test to assess drivers on their competency to drive in the airside and adherence to airside driving safety and regulations. The test duration is approximately one hour. 3.1.4.4. Preparation/Training There are two ways to prepare for the ART and ADSCT: (a) Self-study Drivers can choose to download a copy of this ADTH and do self-study. The ADTH can be downloaded from CAG website (refer to Section 1.2 for the link). 2 Drivers who are 64 years old and above would be issued with ADP of 1-year validity. 18 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving Drivers shall not attempt the ART and ADSCT without studying the rules laid out in this ADTH. (b) Attend the Airside Rules and Regulation Course (ARRC) conducted by training centres authorised by CAG. The authorised training centres are listed below. CAG might request proof of attendance from those who attends the ARRC during course of ADP application. CONTACT TRAINING CENTRE ADDRESS NUMBER Singapore Airport SATS Maintenance Centre Terminal 34 Changi North Crescent +65 6548 2011 Services Limited Singapore 499614 (SATS) 50 Airport Boulevard DNATA Singapore Singapore Changi Airport +65 6511 0152 Pte Ltd Singapore 819658 The authorised training centres also conduct the Airside Rules and Regulations Refresher Course (ARRRC), which drivers are required to attend before renewal of ADP. It is the responsibility of the employers to ensure all drivers are properly trained and familiarised with the operating environment prior to undergoing the tests and official deployment thereafter. 3.1.5. Issuance of ADP Upon passing the ART and ADSCT, drivers shall be issued with an ADP valid for driving in the apron areas and airside roadways. This ADP is not valid for driving on manoeuvring areas, which require a CAT 1/1R ADP. For more information on driving in the manoeuvring areas, refer to the Category One (CAT 1) Airside Driving Theory Handbook. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 19  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving 3.1.6. SWEET Drivers may use the mobile application derived from CAG’s Service Workforce Empowerment and Experience Transformation (SWEET) initiative to view useful information related to airside driving and safety such as the Airside Operations Notices (AONs), Airside Safety Notices (ASNs), pushback procedures and flight schedules. As part of CAG’s Safety Management System which also aims to bring everyone in the airport community on board Changi Airport’s safety culture, drivers may also use SWEET to report hazards via the iFeedback module. For confidential reporting, drivers may also choose to report hazards via e-mail, safety@changiairport. com, or via internet on http://www.changiairportgroup.com.sg/. Prior to issuance of the ADP, it is mandatory for all drivers possessing smart mobile devices to download the SWEET mobile app. 3.1.7. Latest Aerodrome Chart The latest aerodrome chart issued by CAAS Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP) website should be located in the vehicle. This chart serves as a map to help drivers determine their location in the airfield. Subscribe to the website to receive alerts on the latest updates. TThe latest aerodrome chart may be found on SWEET app or downloaded here: https://aim-sg.caas.gov.sg/eaip.html 3.1.8. Validity of ADP and Renewal Process 3.1.8.1. ADP Validity Period Drivers may choose an ADP validity period of one or two years from the date of issuance, subject to prevailing CAG policy and/or regulations. Corresponding fees apply. 20 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving 3.1.8.2. Refresher Training and Renewal of Airfield Driving Permit If a driver wishes to renew his ADP, he shall attend the Airfield Rules and Regulation Refresher Course (ARRRC) conducted by the authorised training centres and fulfill other requirements as may be required by CAG within three months before the ADP expiry date. Drivers shall submit the Application for Renewal of Airfield Driving Permit via APIES. Drivers who do not fulfill all necessary requirements for ADP renewal and do not renew their ADP by the expiry date shall have their ADP voided. Drivers are advised to renew their ADP in a timely manner to avoid disruption of their daily duties. For example, if a driver’s ADP is issued on 31 Dec 2016 and expires on 31 December 2018, he should fulfill all necessary requirements for ADP renewal and renew his permit between October 2018 and December 2018. An example of the renewal process is as follows: Attend ADP issued ARRRC/ Produce on 1 January fulfill other ARRRC 2018 with 2 requirements certificate year validity before 1 and for ADP January 2020 renewal Drivers whose ADP had expired more than 2 years are required to retake his/her ART and ADSCT prior to ADP renewal. 3.1.8.3. Renewal of PLB Operator Permit If a PLB operator wishes to renew his PLB operator permit, he shall submit the refresher course certificate within three months before the permit expiry date, together with the application for renewal of ADP via APIES. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 21  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving Operators who do not fulfill all necessary requirements for PLB permit renewal and do not renew their PLB permit by the expiry date shall have their PLB permit voided, or PLB class removed from their ADP. Operators are advised to renew their permits in a timely manner to avoid disruption of their daily duties. 3.1.8.4. Change of Employment (a) The ADP is not transferable. Upon leaving his employer, the driver shall declare to CAG ADC either personally or through his employer and return his ADP (if holding a physical copy). Failure to do so is a violation of CAAS By-Laws. (b) If the driver is required to drive in the airside by his new employer, he shall proceed to CAG ADC and produce a proof-of-employment letter from his new employer as a supporting document to have his ADP details updated. 3.1.8.5. Expiry of ADP If a driver does not renew his ADP within two years of the ADP expiry date, he shall retake the ART and ADSCT to qualify for a new ADP. Example: ADP expires on 31 December 2018; Renew ADP Re-take ART, ADSCT Renew ADP 31 December 2018 ADP expires 2 years 31 December 2020 22 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving 3.2. Requirements for Vehicles 3.2.1. Airfield Vehicle Permit (AVP)* Vehicles operating in the airside must be issued an AVP. A Temporary Entry Permit (TEP) can be obtained for short-term operation of less than 60 days per calendar year, subject to ADC discretion. (a) AVP M EN E CI SP (b) TEP Vehicles with TEP must be escorted by an ADP holder driving a separate vehicle. Both the escorting and escorted vehicles must follow proper escort procedures. Refer to Section 5: Escorting Vehicles in Airside for more information on escort requirements and procedures. * e-AVP found in APIES would not bear any logo. The permitted access zones would be stated instead. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 23  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving 3.2.2. Types of Airfield Vehicle Permits, Access Zones* There are three types of AVP providing different levels of access in the airside. (a) No Aircraft Logo Airside Roadways Only. No access to manoeuvring areas N I ME and aircraft stands. EC SP (b) With Aircraft Logo Airside Roadways. Aircraft Stand (for ground N I ME handling/maintenance only). EC No access to manoeuvring areas. SP (c) With Aircraft Logo & CAT 1 Stamp Airside Roadways. Aircraft Stand (for ground N I ME handling/maintenance only). EC Manoeuvring Areas (refer to SP CAT1 ADTH). * e-AVP found in APIES would not bear any logo. The permitted access zones would be stated instead. 24 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Qualifying Requirements for Airside Driving Section II Airside Driving 3.2.3. AVP Application and Vehicle Safety Requirements 3.2.3.1. AVP Application To register for a new AVP or renew an existing AVP, an application shall be submitted on APIES, the Airside Driving/Vehicle Permit Management System. The system can be accessed via https://apies3.changiairport.com/APIES/Login 3.2.3.2. Vehicle Requirements To be issued with an AVP, vehicles shall comply with the requirements listed in the “Conditions of Application” which can be downloaded from the APIES website. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 25 Driving in the Airside 4  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4 DRIVING IN THE AIRSIDE 4.1. Pre-Driving Checks Before starting driving duties, drivers shall conduct pre-driving checks. This is to ensure that the vehicle is safe for driving. Several examples of pre-driving checks are as follows: 4 Check tires are in good condition and inflated to correct pressure. 4 Check steering and brakes are working normally. 4 Ensure no warning/fault lights (engine light, brake light, etc.) are on. 4 Ensure headlights, brake lights, signal lights, and flashing yellow lights are working normally. 4 Ensure serviceable fire extinguisher(s) is/are in easily accessible location. Vehicles experiencing any abnormal or unsafe operating conditions shall not be used. 4.2. Passenger Load 4.2.1. Passengers shall be seated in a passenger seat provided in the vehicle or standing in a section constructed for standing passengers. 4.2.2. Maximum Passenger Capacity (MPC) label shall be displayed on the vehicle to indicate the maximum number of passengers that can be transported. Lorries shall not carry more workers than approved by LTA. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 27  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.3. High Visibility Vest/Raincoat Specifications 4.3.1. High Visibility Safety Vest High visibility safety vest shall be worn and properly fastened when entering or performing work within the apron or BHA, unless the company uniform incorporates safety vest requirements. Vests shall have the following specifications: (a) Bright coloured (yellow, orange, lime green are recommended). (b) Meets minimally Class 2 of EN ISO 20471:2013, which requires a minimum 0.5m2 fluorescent surface and 0.13m2 reflective surfaces. (c) Imprinted with company logo for easy identification. 4.3.2. High Visibility Raincoat/Suit High visibility raincoat/suit shall be worn and properly fastened during inclement weather. If raincoat/suit does not meet the below requirements, a Class 2 high visibility vest shall be worn over the raincoat/ suit. Raincoats shall have the following specifications: (a) Meets minimally Class 3 of EN ISO 20471:2013, which requires a minimum of 0.8m2 fluorescent surface and 0.2m2 reflective surfaces. (b) Cover torso and have, as a minimum, either sleeves with retro reflective bands or full length trouser legs with retro reflective bands. 28 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.4. General Driving Conduct (Dos and Don’ts) (a) Always Carry Valid State Driving License All drivers shall carry their state driving license and show upon request by CAG authorised personnel. Drivers shall declare to CAG ADC immediately if their state driving license is no longer valid, i.e. revoked or expired. E N EN E CIM EC IM SP SP (b) Always Fasten Seat Belt Unless exempted by CAG, all vehicles shall be installed with seat belts. All drivers and all passengers shall fasten their seat belts when the vehicle is in motion. (c) Always Exercise Care and Vigilance When Driving All drivers shall be alert when driving in the airside. Drivers shall also be responsible for the safety of all passengers in the vehicle. Drivers are not allowed to overtake other vehicles unless the road is clear, and never do so at bends and corners. Drivers shall also signal early. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 29  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving (d) Always Maintain a Safe Following Distance All drivers shall maintain a safe following distance from the vehicle in front. The recommended following distance is at least a two-second gap. DO NOT Tailgate! (e) Always Check Before Reversing All drivers shall check their surroundings and ensure area is clear before reversing. (f) Always Check Blind Spots Before Moving Off/Changing Lanes All vehicles have blind spots which are not visible using the rear view/ side mirrors. Drivers shall check blind spots by physically turning and looking over shoulders, and ensure the vicinity is clear before moving off or changing lanes. (g) Always Secure Loads Properly To minimise risk of damage to infrastructure and vehicles and injury to persons, drivers shall ensure all loads and covers are properly secured, such as vehicle and baggage container tarps. 30 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving (i) Always Follow Road Markings and Signs All drivers shall follow road markings and signs in the airside. (i) No Alcohol and Drugs Drivers under the influence of alcohol, drugs, and medicine causing drowsiness shall not operate a vehicle in the airside. If feeling unwell or tired, drivers must not drive either. (j) No Eating and Drinking Consumption of food and drinks in any form in the airside is strictly prohibited. (k) Hand-Held Communication Devices While driving in the airside, use of mobile phones without hands-free devices (for example, holding a mobile phone with one hand while driving with the other hand) when the vehicle is in motion is strictly prohibited. (l) Driving Over Fuel Hydrant Pit Driving over fuel hydrant pits is strictly prohibited as this can cause damage to the fuel hydrant covers and the pit valves inside, and may impact safety of the refueling operations. Parking equipment on the fuel hydrant pit would also cause obstruction and delay to maintenance work or emergency response. Fuel hydrant covers in the airside must be kept clear at all times. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 31  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.5. Speed Limits Around the Airside (Kilometres per hour) In addition to the general speed limits in the areas indicated above, drivers shall adhere to speed limits displayed on the speed limit signs throughout the airside. Where speed limits indicated on signs and general speed limits indicated above are different, speed limits indicated on signs installed throughout the airside shall be adhered to. Drivers shall not operate vehicles with faulty speedometers, as they must be aware of the speed at which they are travelling. 4.6. Right of Way 4.6.1. Giving Way to Aircraft and Emergency Vehicles Drivers shall always look out for and give way to: (a) Aircraft taxiing, on tow, or on push-back. Drivers MUST NOT attempt to travel in parallel to the aircraft or to cut the path of the aircraft. 32 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving (b) Emergency Vehicles responding to emergencies. 4.6.2. Autonomous Vehicles (AV) Drivers should look out for and exercise caution around AV in operation, stationed or parked at the aircraft stand, roadways and BHA. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 33  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.6.3. Giving Way at Junctions There are unsignalised junctions in the airside. These refer to junctions where traffic flow is not controlled by traffic lights. At these junctions, drivers shall exercise safe driving and judgment, and give way to other vehicles in accordance with basic driving rules: (a) If going straight, driver shall give way to vehicle going straight from the right. (b) If turning right, driver shall give way to: Traffic going straight from all directions; Traffic turning right from the right; Traffic turning left from the opposite direction. (c) If turning left, driver shall give way to traffic going straight from the right. 34 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.7. Driving on Airside Roadways 4.7.1. Ground Markings Drivers shall only proceed in the directions shown by the road markings, unless the vehicle is operating inside an aircraft stand. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 35  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.7.2. Height Restrictions Refer to the Appendix for height limits in the airside. In addition to height limits in areas indicated in the Appendix, drivers shall look out for height limit, vehicle restriction signs and gantries in the airside. Drivers of tall vehicles or towing tall equipment (for example A-Frame, Pax Step, Maintenance Step, A380 Catering Truck) shall: 4 Be aware of overall height of vehicle being driven. 4 Observe height limit signs displayed in the airside. 4 Plan driving route and avoid roads with height limit lower than vehicle or towed equipment height. Only drivers of vehicles that exceed the height limits on primary roadways shall use the secondary roadways to complete their trip. 4.7.2.1. Movement of Vehicle/Equipment Exceeding 4.5m in Height To and From South Apron Aircraft Stands 36 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving For vehicles and equipment more than 4.5m in height, there is no roadway access between South Apron and Terminal 3. These vehicles and equipment shall use the Airside Operations Follow-Me-Service (FMS) to travel between South Apron and Terminal 3 using Taxiway V10. Request for FMS shall be made to the Airside Duty Manager at the Airside Management Centre at least 60 minutes before the intended crossing time. The designated holding points for FMS are: 463R ESA A18 ESA 4.7.3. Primary Roadways Primary roadways are located in front of aircraft stands. (a) Drivers shall not enter an aircraft stand as a short cut or to overtake vehicles. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 37  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving (b) Drivers shall observe height restrictions at aerobridges and other fixed structures at all times. 4.7.3.1. Primary Roadways in Front of Baggage Handling Areas There are primary roadways which are located in front of baggage handling areas. Drivers are to observe the speed limit and look out for tractors entering and exiting the baggage handling areas. Vehicles e.g. tow-tugs and heavy tractors weighing >45 tonnes (45,000kg) are not allowed to use the primary roadway in front of Terminal 3 baggage handling area. Drivers shall use an alternate route. 4.7.4. Secondary Roadways Secondary roadways are located behind aircraft stands. Because the secondary roadway lies in the path of aircraft taxiing in and out of the aircraft stands, as well as aircraft taxiing/ being pushed/ on tow on the taxiway/taxi-lane, vehicles using the secondary roadway are exposed to the risk of collision with aircraft. Therefore, secondary roadways shall only be used by vehicles or vehicles towing equipment (for example, maintenance steps) that exceed the height limits on primary roadways, or by vehicles that are authorised by CAG. Drivers shall not use the secondary roadway as short-cut to access aircraft stands. Instead, drivers shall enter and exit aircraft stands using the primary roadways as far as practicable. Misuse of secondary roadways is an offence and offenders will be subject to issuance of NOO and may have their ADP suspended. 38 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.7.4.1. Giving Way To Aircraft Drivers authorised to travel on secondary roadways shall exercise vigilance by keeping constant lookout and give way to aircraft moving in and out of aircraft stands. Failure to give way to aircraft may result in serious incidents, e.g. collision between aircraft and vehicles, injuries/damage arising from exposure to jetblast from aircraft with engines on. The figure above shows an aircraft on pushback moving across the secondary roadway. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 39  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving Aircraft ready for pushback out of the aircraft stand may have the following features: 4 Aircraft anti-collision light is on. 4 Passenger Loading Bridge (PLB) is not connected to aircraft. 4 Ground Support Equipment (GSE) removed from aircraft. 4 Safety cones, including cone at aircraft tail removed. 4 Tow-tug attached to aircraft. If an aircraft is about to taxi into an aircraft stand, the following may be observed: 4 Safety cones and pole positioned at the front of ERA. 4 Wheel chock placed next to stop line. 4 GSE staged in the ESA. 4 Apron staff, including ADGS operator on standby near PLB plinth. 4 ADGS pilot display panel lit up. 40 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving If any of the above conditions is met, or if there is an aircraft taxiing or being towed/pushed on the taxiway/ taxi-lane, drivers must not proceed onto the secondary roadway. Drivers who are already travelling on the secondary roadway shall immediately stop and move to the edge of the nearest available aircraft stand to give way to the aircraft. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 41  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.7.5. Perimeter Roadways Perimeter roadways are located near the perimeter fences surrounding the aerodrome boundary. As there are taxiway crossings at various points and access to Fire Stations, drivers shall exercise vigilance when travelling on perimeter roadways. Drivers shall obey all warning signs, markings and speed limits located along the roadways. When approaching the taxiway crossings, drivers shall also ensure they stop fully at holding position (before stop line), check the warning light AND visually scan the surroundings to confirm that there is NO AIRCRAFT on or approaching the taxiway before proceeding. 4.7.6. Tunnel Roadways Tunnel roadways allow drivers to traverse between Terminal 1 and the Cargo terminals. Drivers using the tunnel roadways shall observe the following: (a) Check the gantry at the tunnel entrance. Tunnel roadways shall not be used when the red light is on. (b) Height limit of tunnel roadways is 4.5m. (c) Waiting, parking, making a U-turn or reversing, and overtaking at the bends are strictly prohibited. There are certain vehicles which are not allowed to use the tunnel roadways; these vehicles and vehicles which exceed the tunnel 42 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving height limit shall use the taxiway crossings instead. Drivers must check for aircraft movement before moving onto the taxiway crossing. Refer to Section 4.10 for more details. The following vehicles are not allowed in tunnel roadways: (a) Joint Container Pallet Loaders (JCPL). (b) Main Deck Loaders. (c) Tankers/bowsers carrying flammable liquid with flash point ≤61oC (Jet A-1 fuel, Avgas, Petrol). (d) Vehicles transporting radioactive materials, chemicals, and explosive items. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 43  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.8. Driving In Aircraft Stands 4.8.1. General Driving Conduct Drivers operating in the aircraft stands shall observe the following: (a) Vehicle shall possess valid AVP with aircraft stand access. (b) Drivers shall perform brake test before entering ERA. The approach to an aircraft shall be such that collision will be avoided in the event of vehicle brake failure. Drivers shall additionally comply with procedures stipulated in the Ground Operations Safety Manual (GOSM) when positioning and removing equipment from an aircraft. (c) Drivers shall not drive over any hose or bonding cable used for refueling of aircraft. (d) Drivers shall not reverse towards aircraft unless under the direction of a vehicle marshaller. (e) Unless it is required for refueling/maintenance services, drivers shall not park vehicle under the aircraft wings or fuselage. (f) Drivers shall observe the speed limit of 5km/h. (g) Drivers shall not drive through an aircraft stand to reach other aircraft stands. Entry is only allowed for aircraft servicing or for other valid work purposes. Aircraft stands shall be accessed using the primary roadways as far as practicable and safe. 44 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.8.2. Layout of an Aircraft Stand 1 Holding Strip 7 Apron Boundary Line (ABL) 2 No Parking Area 8 Fuel Hydrant Pit Equipment Staging Area 3 9 Primary Roadway (ESA) Equipment Restraint Area 4 10 Secondary Roadway (ERA) Passenger Loading Passenger Loading Bridge 5 11 Bridge (PLB) Safety Zone (PLB) Equipment Parking Area 6 (EPA) Airside Driving Theory Handbook 45  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.8.3. Holding Strip The holding strip is used for vehicles conducting aircraft servicing, but do not have a valid AVP with aircraft stand access. Vehicles shall not be parked in the holding strip more than 20 minutes before arrival of aircraft. 4.8.4. No Parking Area This area is used for tow- tugs to manoeuvre and connect to aircraft preparing for pushback. Other vehicles shall not park here at all times. 46 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.8.5. Equipment Staging Area (ESA) The equipment staging area is for staging of ground handling equipment or vehicles conducting aircraft servicing. All vehicles and equipment shall be parked in an orderly manner at all times, with handbrakes engaged. Drivers shall additionally comply with procedures stipulated in the Ground Operations Safety Manual (GOSM). 4.8.6. Equipment Restraint Area (ERA) The ERA is defined as the area of the apron bordered by a red line. It shall be kept clear at all times for the safe movement of an aircraft in and out of the stand. Personnel, vehicles and/or GSE are only allowed to enter when servicing the aircraft or for other work purposes. Drivers shall enter the ERA only when it is safe to do so. 4.8.6.1. Procedure for Entering ERA The ERA shall be kept clear before an aircraft arrives or after an aircraft departs. After an aircraft has entered the aircraft stand, drivers shall confirm the following before entering the ERA: (1) Aircraft has come to a complete stop. (2) Aircraft engines switched off and are spooling down. (3) Aircraft anti-collision lights switched off. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 47  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving (4) Aircraft wheel chocks and grounding cables positioned. (5) Headset Man gives ‘thumbs-up’ signal. (6) Safety cones placed. 4.8.7. Passenger Loading Bridge (PLB) Safety Zone 48 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving The PLB safety zone is demarcated by the red hatched area. Drivers operating in the aircraft stand shall observe the following: (a) Keep clear of the PLB safety zone at all times. (b) After PLB has docked to aircraft, only vehicles and equipment authorised by CAG may be positioned in the PLB safety zone. (c) Alert the PLB operator if there is any obstruction in the PLB safety zone before PLB operations begin. In addition to the above, PLB operators shall not dock or retract the PLB when there is any obstruction between the parked aircraft and the PLB (refer to the blue area in the diagram). 4.8.8. Equipment Parking Area (EPA) The equipment parking area is reserved (via lease) for parking of vehicles and ground handling equipment. 4.8.9. Apron Boundary Line The apron boundary line demarcates the boundary between the aircraft stand and the aircraft manoeuvring area. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 49  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.8.10. Keep Clear Zone (KCZ) The KCZ is marked with white hatched lines and “No Parking” signs painted on the ground. During aircraft movement (including at the adjacent bay), the KCZ shall be kept clear of personnel, vehicles and/or GSE at all times. For avoidance of doubt, personnel and vehicles, during flight handling, are allowed to enter the KCZ for manoeuvring only, and only if there is no aircraft movement (including at the adjacent bay). Parking and staging are strictly prohibited at all times. 50 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.8.11. Layout of Multiple Aircraft Receiving Stand (MARS) MARS stands are configured to receive either one Code E/F aircraft or two Code C aircraft at any one time. The area between the Left and Right Code C ERAs is a KCZ and must be kept clear when there is an aircraft entering or exiting either Code C ERA of the MARS, as per the section above. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 51  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.9. Baggage Handling Areas (BHA) Vehicles operating in the Baggage Handling Areas shall observe the following: (a) Only vehicles authorised by CAG are allowed to operate in the BHA. (b) Only electric tractors are allowed to operate within the BHA. Petrol/ diesel tractors are prohibited from entering. (c) Height limit in the BHAs is 2.3m, except for T2 BHA where the height limit is 2.2m. (d) Towing of pallet dollies is not allowed. (e) Vehicles or towed equipment parked in the BHA shall not obstruct traffic flow. (f) Drivers shall always look out for pedestrians and perform blind spot checks when manoeuvring vehicles. (g) Drivers shall ensure sufficient clearance between equipment on tow and the structures within the BHA. (h) Drivers shall always check for oncoming traffic before exiting the BHA and joining the primary roadway. 4.10. Taxiway Crossings Drivers shall exercise extra vigilance when driving on roadways that cross taxiways, due to potential aircraft movement. Drivers shall give way to aircraft at all times and give maximum clearance to aircraft. Failure to give way to aircraft may result in serious incidents, e.g. collision between aircraft and vehicles, injuries/damage arising from exposure to jetblast from aircraft with engines on. The locations of taxiway crossings are shown in the Appendix. 52 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving The ‘Give Way to Aircraft’ ground marking warns drivers of taxiway crossing ahead. When approaching taxiway crossings, drivers shall: (1) Slow down. (2) Make a complete stop at the stop line (MUST DO!). This is regardless of the status of the warning lights (where provided). (3) At taxiway crossings where traffic lights are provided, drivers shall observe the following: Steady Red: Stop at the stop line. Do not cross. Flashing Amber: Stop at stop line. Check that there are no approaching aircraft before crossing. This includes taxiing aircraft, aircraft on tow and pushback. Even if taxiway crossing warning lights are not red, DO NOT PROCEED if an aircraft is approaching the crossing. This include aircraft that is taxiing, on tow or being pushed back. Drivers can only proceed after the taxiway/taxi-lane is clear of aircraft. Drivers are to remain in their holding positions, wait and give way even if the aircraft on the taxiway is stationary. At taxiway crossings where warning lights are not provided, drivers MUST STILL STOP at the stop line and VISUALLY CHECK that there are no approaching aircraft as per the point below. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 53  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving (4) Visually check for aircraft movement (taxiing, pushback and towing) on the taxiway / taxi-lane. Look left, right, left. (5) Confirm that the roadway ahead is not obstructed. (6) Proceed to cross within the speed limit, ONLY AFTER CONFIRMING THAT THERE IS NO APPROACHING AIRCRAFT (taxiing, on tow or being pushed back). When crossing taxiways, drivers SHALL NOT: 8 Attempt to cross in front of approaching aircraft. 8 Attempt to cross within 250m behind a taxiing aircraft. 8 Travel parallel to moving aircraft (taxiing, on tow or being pushed). 8 Stop on any part of the crossing. 8 Overtake or follow other vehicles without conducting own visual checks. 4.10.1 Mobile Enforcement Camera Locations To mitigate incidents where drivers fail to stop at designated taxiway crossing stop lines and perform proper scanning of aircraft before crossing taxiways, mobile cameras have been deployed at various locations. The aim is to deter drivers from failing to stop at holding positions and conducting proper checks for aircraft movement before crossing taxiway/taxi-lane. 54 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.11. Safety Distances from Aircraft 4.11.1. Stationary Aircraft Being Refueled Drivers shall not start vehicle engines when it is within an unsafe area around any refuelling point or fuel tank vent of an aircraft being refuelled An unsafe area is such area which is deemed to be at risk of fire or otherwise dangerous. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 55  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.11.2. Stationary Aircraft with Engine Running Drivers and airside personnel must be aware of the dangerous effects of jet/prop blast injuries that could be caused by being behind rotating propellers and jet/turbofan engines. There is also potential for engine ingestion when in close proximity to aircraft with its engines running. No driver shall drive a vehicle towards an aircraft when its engines are running. When an aircraft is stationary with its engines running, the following clear distances shall be adhered to: (a) 7.5m from front of aircraft engine. (b) 76m from rear of aircraft. (c) 5m from wingtip. 56 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.12. Vehicle Refueling If a vehicle runs out of fuel while operating, it shall be towed to a designated refueling location for refueling. Refueling shall only be done at designated refueling locations declared to AES. Fuel spillages shall be cleaned immediately. Spillages larger than 4m2 shall be reported to Airport Emergency Service at 6541 2525 and Airside Control Centre at 6541 2151. 4.12.1. Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Refueling Vehicle-to-Vehicle refueling using mobile bowser trucks is allowed in the airside subject to the following conditions: (a) Drivers of mobile refueling trucks shall have undergone fire patroller/Hazmat Transport Driver Permit (HTDP) training. (b) Mobile refueling trucks shall be equipped with firefighting equipment such as fire extinguisher(s) and spillage prevention kit, as a minimum. (c) Refueling of vehicles is not allowed within an aircraft stand (including holding strip) if an aircraft is parked within the stand or adjacent to the stand. 4.13. Electric Vehicle Charging Facilities Electric charging stations and charging bays are situated throughout the airside for charging of electric vehicles. These bays shall be kept clear at all times unless needed for electric vehicle charging. Vehicles shall be parked for charging purposes only and shall vacate the bays once charging is complete. Drivers are to exercise care when approaching these facilities and to look out for vehicles slowing down to enter or exit. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 57  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.14. Driving in Low Visibility Conditions 4.14.1. Vehicle Lighting During periods of low visibility (e.g. haze, heavy rain, at night), drivers shall observe the following: (a) Slow down to a safe speed. (b) Switch on headlights at low beam at all times. (c) Ensure flashing yellow lights at the highest point of the vehicle are switched on. 4.14.2. Category II Instrument Landing System (ILS) Operations In the event of prolonged low visibility (for example, haze), Changi Tower may declare CAT II ILS Operations to aid aircraft landings. Vehicle movement restrictions will take effect: (a) Vehicles shall keep clear of CAT II ILS Critical and Sensitive Areas (LSA) and CAT II ILS Out of Bound Area, unless instructed to enter those areas by Changi Tower. Failure to do so may result in interference with aircraft navigation systems and potentially serious aircraft incidents/accidents. (b) Vehicles including tow tractors shall turn on flashing yellow lights and/or headlights at all times. (c) Non-essential airside activities and vehicle movements shall be minimised. Refer to the Appendix for location of CATII ILS Out-of-Bound areas. 58 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.15. Towing Drivers shall ensure that all towed loads are properly secured and covers or tarps are securely lashed before moving off. If the towed loads cannot be properly secured, driver shall stop operations and notify his control centre for maintenance. Drivers shall also observe the following towing restrictions: Maximum No. of Towed Type of Towed Load Units Container Trailers or Baggage Trolleys 4 Pallet Dollies 3* * On designated routes, towing of 4 pallet dollies may be allowed subject to prior approval of CAG Airside Management. If problems are encountered during towing, drivers shall stop at a location that will not obstruct aircraft operations and traffic flow. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 59  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4.16. Operation of Forklifts Forklift drivers shall observe the following guidelines: 4 Drivers shall be Workforce Singapore (WSG) certified. 4 Conduct pre-driving checks to ensure forklift is fully operational. 4 Lower tynes to the ground as far as possible. 4 When approaching blind corners or intersections with obstructed view, stop and proceed with caution. 4 Observe the height limits of the surrounding structures. 8 Forklifts shall not be driven along airside roadways unless authorised by CAG. 4.17. Operation of Boom Lifts and Scissors Lifts Boom lift (left) and scissors lift (right) drivers shall observe the following guidelines: 4 Drivers shall be Workforce Singapore (WSG) certified. 4 Vehicles shall be annually certified by an approved person authorised by the Ministry of Manpower (MOM). 4 Drivers without a valid Class 3 ADP shall be escorted by a vehicle with a valid AVP driven by a driver with a valid Class 3 ADP and who is certified for escort duties. 4 Actual height of the boom lift or scissors lift shall be displayed prominently. 60 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Driving in the Airside Section II Airside Driving 4 Conduct pre-driving checks to ensure vehicles are fully operational. 4 When approaching blind corners or intersections with obstructed view, stop and proceed with caution. 4 Observe height limits of the surrounding structures. 4 Drivers shall look out for the height limits of the surrounding structures when operating the boom lift and scissors lift. 4.18. Operation of Baggage Handling Area Buggies Buggy drivers shall observe the following guidelines: 4 Buggy operation is only allowed in the Baggage Handling Areas. 8 Buggy shall not be driven in the airside. If required to be transported on the roads, it shall be towed using a trailer or flatbed truck. 4.19. Vehicle Parking in the Airside When parking vehicles in the airside, drivers shall observe the following: (a) Park only in designated parking lots approved by CAG Airside Management. (b) Ensure engine is switched off, gear set in “Parked”, engage handbrake and position wheel chocks, whichever are applicable. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 61 Escorting Vehicles in Airside 5  Escorting Vehicles in Airside Section II Airside Driving 5 ESCORTING VEHICLES IN AIRSIDE 5.1. Objectives During the course of work vehicles may need to enter the Airside temporarily. These vehicles may possess a valid TEP, but drivers of those vehicles may not possess a valid ADP. In this case, these vehicles must be escorted by drivers with a valid ADP. Only escort drivers briefed and endorsed by CAG Airside Driving Centre (ADC) may perform escort duties. This section covers procedures for escort in airside roadways only. 5.2. Requirements for Escort Drivers To be certified for escort duties, drivers shall: 4 Possess a valid ADP. 4 Successfully complete escort briefing by CAG ADC. 4 Be endorsed by CAG ADC. 4 Ensure vehicles of escort drivers possess a valid AVP. Escort briefings are conducted at the Airside Driving Centre. Briefings are conducted in English only. Attendees must sign up via https://adceb.youcanbookme.com/. Upon endorsement by CAG ADC, drivers will have their ADP endorsed with escort qualification. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 63  Escorting Vehicles in Airside Section II Airside Driving 5.2.1. Renewal of ADP Validity of the escort endorsement is concurrent with the ADP. Upon renewal of the ADP, drivers shall re-attend the escort briefing to ensure currency with escort procedures to obtain escort re-endorsement. 5.3. General Roles & Responsibilities of Escort Drivers/Drivers Under Escort Drivers are responsible for the following: Escort Drivers Drivers Being Escorted Have a clear understanding of Stay close to Escort Lead Driver purpose of escort and number of at all times. vehicles being escorted. Brief the escorted drivers on: Never drive in the airside without Route. an Escort Driver. Objective of task. Escort procedures. Means of communication. Airside rules and regulations. Contingency procedures. Have mobile telephone number(s) Do not: of all escorted driver(s) prior to Overtake. commencement of escort. Drive ahead of Escort Lead Driver. Break away from convoy. Be in a separate vehicle with a Comply with airside rules and valid AVP. regulations as briefed by the Escort Lead Driver. Be contactable at all times Have mobile telephone number throughout the duration of escort. of Escort Lead Driver prior to the commencement of escort. Be responsible and liable for safe In the event of a driver breaking operations of the driver(s) and away from the convoy: vehicle(s) under escort. Flash vehicle headlights. Sound vehicle horn to alert the Escort Lead Driver. 64 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Escorting Vehicles in Airside Section II Airside Driving Each escort driver shall escort a maximum of two (2) vehicles at any time. Stay close to the escort convoy and observe operations closely. Should any escorted driver break away from the convoy, the escort driver shall: Steer any remaining vehicle in the convoy to a designated approved holding/parking area. Contact the break-away driver immediately. Report incident to Airside Management Centre (6541 2275) by any means of communication. 5.4. Escorting Vehicles on Airside Roadways All escort vehicles shall possess a valid AVP. Vehicles under escort shall possess a valid TEP. Each escort vehicle may escort up to two vehicles with a valid TEP, for example: Number of Escort Vehicles Maximum Number of Escorted (with AVP) Vehicles (with TEP) 1 2 2 4 Vehicles without a valid AVP shall not be driven as a lead escort, even if the driver possesses a valid ADP with serialised ‘Escort’ sticker. 5.5. Briefing by Escort Driver Before proceeding with the escort, escort drivers shall brief all escorted vehicle drivers on their roles and responsibilities set out in paragraph 5.3. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 65 Traffic Markings and Signs 6  Traffic Markings and Signs Section II Airside Driving 6 TRAFFIC MARKINGS AND SIGNS 6.1. Airside Road Markings (a) Continuous/Broken White Line Centre of a two-way road. Vehicles shall keep left of this line. (b) Double Continuous White Line Centre of a two-way road. Vehicles shall not cross these lines at all times. Overtaking is not allowed. (c) Zig-Zag Lines Pedestrian crossing ahead. Vehicles shall not overtake, wait, or park within these lines. (d) Parallel White Broken Lines Prepare to give way to traffic ahead. (e) Single White Line Vehicles shall stop before this line. Airside Driving Theory Handbook 67  Traffic Markings and Signs Section II Airside Driving 6.2. Manoeuvring Area Signs and Roadway Markings (a) Entry into Taxiway Ahead Only authorised vehicles may enter. (b) Give Way to Aircraft Look out and give way to aircraft. (c) No Entry Runway Ahead Only drivers with CAT1 ADP may enter subject to clearance from Changi Tower. 68 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Traffic Markings and Signs Section II Airside Driving 6.3. Traffic Signs Airside Driving Theory Handbook 69  Traffic Markings and Signs Section II Airside Driving 70 Airside Driving Theory Handbook  Traffic Markings and Signs Section II Airside Driving Airside Driving Theory Handbook 71  Traffic Markings and Signs Section II Airside Driving 6.4. Work Zone Signs These signs indicate road works ahead. Drivers shall exercise vigilance and obey all traffic instructions and signals. 6.5. Traffic Instruction by Authorised Officer Drivers must comply with instructions given by an authorised officer. Authorised officers may be from the following organisations: (a) Changi Airport Group (b) Airport Emergency Services (c) Airport Police Division / Auxiliary Police 6.6. Speed Regulating Device To encourage safe driving, speed indicators have been installed at various locations. These display the real-time speed of the vehicle to alert drivers if they are approaching the speed limit. This is to help remind drivers to keep within the speed limits. To enforce speed limits, speed cameras may be installed at various locations. Drivers found to be exceeding the speed limits shall be issued with a Notice of Offence (NOO). 72 Airside Driving Theory Handbook Incident Reporting 7  Incident Reporting Section II Airside Driving 7 INCIDENT REPORTING 7.1. Vehicle Breakdown (a) Report In the event of a breakdown