Semiconductor Materials PDF

Date Page Seamiconduc toxDode 5eani conduc tox A Senicanductox Rs has xesistisáty Ca to aslan) a betaeeo lconductóxs and nsula...

Date Page Seamiconduc toxDode 5eani conduc tox A Senicanductox Rs has xesistisáty Ca to aslan) a betaeeo lconductóxs and nsulators E alsanîvn silicom, axbaa ete. No. Substonce Natoze Coppe gacd caductoz senico-acvcto 3 aloss insulatoX Nihoaexesis. oateaial 16N m The properties af seaicoducoss The sesisiity at a Seanicodectoz is less Rnsulatoz bt thon Cazcdcta thoaan Stoai Cooductoz have C2 Saitonductox nlgahve ca-efficiet suilable aetallic iapuziy  Date Page Thexe axe 2 Itinsic Seanitonductar ExinSic Senicondvetox satinsic SenaicozgdveBo A semicondutox hich is fn the extel. S Izatrinsic Sla lConductax. am Rimstsic serrniconductos Henpéahzt, hole electom patts SeoaicomdueBox , the pore by tuuo ocesses hnd holes Ne n0n2ly by foee elecha ot holes CoNaled honds At the cosh lent bonds the the Eximsic Seriondveton  Date Page SAmionductoe hen colled a5 ptinsìC SemRcordueta. he Seniconductoz The hoA to be cosol Contallduxing the EroD a on ot extinsi semiConducfoz The DUxpOSe 05e ePthe the holes Sermitonndue toy oysta Dependfng veon the matae lodded eXinsie sermicCndtoz oYe classia) Sernieondvctox slrnicosdvcs Bondsfn Seaitoadvctari he atorns of eNery elernent ae hela tagetheo bordi elea hams ac tiom ot valence endency by he Rs due to the This bondin last oht  Date Page bapds axe daxok by shonng Nalenee electrans Co- Na lennt bonds Such had he tNo maast eguenty used oatiole aatzials slConCs) aleat hoadss sexySroallfA being lahaut silcoa. A gesamin ato hos Ffxst oabit hos 2 cleChansond & thizd eleatams Qgno the taath locbit has electoms etrablesat eleroadnf Coale bonds ane  Dote Poge Nalence electons. *5licon (5:) The atomie 9umbey has proons Two electxo ns Rathe csecond oxbt ad tou alertsór5 thfxd thod sloon atom has tovs Nalence alectros. SOthnt KSlicom 6 Qon element Actyally Said and i5 s?-diofO? The llselRtaa comouds slfco SCaniconductans,coaductoas Exolanaton af sernicomducBans besed an bancl theoy Sasnitondueass.  Date Poge Supnose the czslol stauctuxe hasA atomms Each impotant xale Ths the shuaae has toBal SN enerau Thse leyels 4N 4N Anegy levels ith Sonol eneay tl toxn Nalence kom hile bN emxQy levels with band whee ensgyeNelsase tund. Eoch atom has Nalence electors  Date Page Nalemce band. So valence bond ?s nple lely elactons n conducion band, So sennitodutoz behaés ike insolaBox at oK tarnDêxatrg enpexa tvae,sae eleatzcons fusnp 1hese halis in valence bomel oodure electie Cord Dscuss the Conopt off hole he CooNgl ot ne electn aN25 a elecam ir he cavalet Na camly ise a cnising brd he issiog electxon95 olled a hale which posilve choge  Date Page while electxorn cuznemt happens Pn ducon bad the othez t4pe happ lns in the hole CuTTemt, happens Electxons that yerain în the valenreb i o a Teorby hole hey This movernta slalernce band Called the h e cunent athxoah the n-pe semicanducto whe intainsic sernilosductox s doped ith pentaaleat 1RHeAseiCA pe of Semi conductox. ttr tote etgeho Pentasalet  Date Poge Jmpisiy atorn akes place in crnsBal stsuctuxe wthout distuxbing the atoas in Coystal stauchur This ptntovalarnt atosn has f Ne valoce eed electons, Out of thlse axalarce celectxons The fth electxon s dvaable QaoSeV Thuseach, iropdatty aton daades asne frée elec Ho lcatleddonox inpuaffes lhS, im n-type semiconductox electxons axe age ompaxision ot ola as giaxity chasge caxieS hile heles airoaity Chazge P-type sezicondueton  Date Page whe atsie seoiconucox i5 doped with t?alerat impuxity (ike alvniniusoCA) the Fate elector Free ho6le spaçe fn Caystal sructe thot dRstihing the stetise czysta) ldeseoiezndy of elechom due to s ood fn this iznpuxy 6 Thys, hole placed, Thus, cach Laapiy aom Pavides Proides me hale Qnd hale hos tendea to the aectoomSo, thia znpuity s his,îrn pypeSêrionductoa  Date Page iness while im coAporissm fholes n longes aher Thus,e hales axe hnown as Caxxflss uhile electsans eßarity ninoniychaxge Thus in PHpe saionductor seaicdvc to is Suitable S0stace Seoaiconduatothe Contar Catled Thexe excess ot holes in -sec on ag fYcess of fsee electons n-seehon here Thexe between holes electoms  | Date Page semicanductoxS So fusió bee Free electonsARHEes trom to p seaf amd ree hales This ProCeSS Aeas the DepleHo Due Reld to dRstibutH¡n of chaxge mear vmchon This xo opposts the punchiom, when aleca feld 2s sufticentty stsong th dffusiom ot chaoge Meas the uonchon which cannpleky depleted tor they aafoiy chazge Caleal bsoally the aath Noxnally, f this hyen s p 4eagna)ithpogie diocde hon unc -n nleion of hals onwdnd Rstuss ReNEKSe made bais Ways dfern tws applíeol beCan diodle PNfinchioa diadle ?s hown sha pnjunchon otynbo banitr. pottnHal depleHon layers called Hon depe th the eottal pot elec. D'stibuiom o isNale This Poge bote  Date Page ngafve ermina af batHey thlsa this4pe of diode fasuodtois&o! Comnc Hom and elee.t oppasie in d'ec hion gn So, the aad the dtpleFon layex also deereases btort ofled S. thtre isdiffusian of tree electoná |So, son ntype to p-ype ancl halts tome p-ype to npe which pochces fxwazdl. bars CUaKent ThiaCuxxent ogieyg majatihy hoth stconductons chang  arpoo. blu lo to co Dote Poge of mA. P DisCUsS xeNense boais comnectidn of p-n uacon diode ahtn p-pe senicondutoz Qmd n-ype seaiCondueta 5Comn£cled ith gasitive eminal ott hatler Hh en this tpe of dide fs Knawn 9s biased Connlchiom, connecion, elechic freld ofivnchiao L such paBtntial difer ence lo-ad alechic field exdexnal lloge SomedixecHon So, the sesul}ont the depletin elecic Held in(nt0s25 0nd  Date Page fox afoiy 6 impassible to chosge But this Candi ion Rss helping cordiiom o ngaity choge oroitrS, Thus, ditfusion t imority chazge Canzier takes place, Thus, the electíc CusYlnt in the 9dey ot  Date Page L24-200o] - 4 o 20= 2o00J Oaol A Recitiexs - 1he pratess t abtaiaing af de valtage de CUxKent ac daltage catled xechticaHoH and fhe deece There KecHiie Half oNexectifrex (one diode) aEl): oNe xectifiex centre- tap Chia diode) thsidge ase Caux dide) Haltae etiex Cigeut diagxgzn fos halt nae Kectifex hawn hxe, lhe pzinan4  Date Page aYCOSS Kesisto R to get de volfage. half past tiue cycle, Dusig foswoKod uecis bixs inthee is Duxing halt 6 exsebias Connecon aad the autput  Date HEIrns Page Hext, requency ot input frequeny ot 2 2d1 23T 2JT atput powex 2 2 P  anhtived be e input ac q4cles of halt both This Ao adme the inloacd thethxosgh recHficaton, flows cuTlni nove tull- n Rentres Fll-waye R R 2 CAC) pawes input efficitc Page Date  biastd valtoge nput hah-cycle a nex fo A isA-D the oiasec sd |Dusingixst fsDa tofzor cycle hal4 Hxanstormey valtage AC aflof to fachVSeS Coamétttd so diocts two with ttueen AB D,and D, esdlod tulo consists of cixuit The oecex -top Centxe 22 bidye bzide ae Fu- Cir) tap Centxe Page Date  Date Page B-D,-sNR-C7- B hus, we get out put Noliqge which is D both cycles of output altog t D D otp votTy4 2teDis advotages I4 25 difficut to ocate the cente top the secamdary ioding The dc outut sgrnal) only one haf at the tanstosnes Slonda dioces Vse must have HPL  Date Page Ell- Wave Baicle RechifeyCa odlades) B It contang tou dicles DDa 2Da D anectd to toxo bzidge The ac G supply to be ecHted s applRec The diagsnallyappasiBe ends. heidg Dzing positve hali- cyce af see al toge, the |9atehis make s diode D, and Da tozuia s biased Thexefsyl only dodesD 0nd Dg uill cond wet sDC Nalta4e  Date Page Daing the negatiNe half yeje of stl yol töge end becomnes become5 pasfHNe. This Make5 diodes D 8 Dy toxord biosed only dols D, P + Advoniages The nee to Centxe- tappid taanath méx is The oett+ outpu 5 tatce thad afeate tap CiThe PJ V is one- hal that 6f (enthe-p Disodontoges diodes.  Dote Poge Hexe fregtny Patpt LaR 4In2 R 2 Dowio Dir trR. Recifen et?cieniy Pdc Pac RL O.sl2 341 R