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# Chapter 12 Notes **Tetracycline's action:** Binds to ribosomes and blocks protein synthesis. **Sulfonamides:** Antimicrobial drugs that interfere with the essential metabolic process of bacteria and some fungi. Also known as sulfa drugs. They block the synthesis of folic acid by bacteria. **Iv...

# Chapter 12 Notes **Tetracycline's action:** Binds to ribosomes and blocks protein synthesis. **Sulfonamides:** Antimicrobial drugs that interfere with the essential metabolic process of bacteria and some fungi. Also known as sulfa drugs. They block the synthesis of folic acid by bacteria. **Ivermectin:** A broad-spectrum antiparasitic used in the treatment of roundworm infections and lice. **Major Modes of Action:** * Barring penetration of a virus into a host cell. * Blocking replication, transcription, and/or translation of viral genetic material. * Preventing normal maturation of viral particles. **Reverse Transcriptase:** One of the most important targets is the reverse transcriptase (RT) enzyme. HIV carries this enzyme into the host cell. This enzyme is possessed by retroviruses that convert RNA to DNA. **Interferon:** A glycoprotein produced by fibroblasts and leukocytes in response to various immune stimuli. **Drug Resistance:** An adaptive response where microorganisms tolerate an amount of drug that previously inhibited their growth. **Multi-drug Resistant (MDR) pumps:** Many bacteria possess MDR pumps that actively transport drugs and other chemicals out of cells. These pumps are proteins encoded by plasmids or chromosomes. MDRs lack selectivity. **Biofilms:** About 60% of infections involve biofilms, which are complex communities of microorganisms growing within an extracellular matrix.