Biology Cell MCQs PDF

# Biology. Cell MCQs ## 1. Who among the following scientists discovered free-living cells in pond water for the first time? - a) Franz Bauer - b) Robert Hooke - c) Robert Brown - d) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek **Correct Answer**: d) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ## 2. What is the length of a bacterial cell? -...

# Biology. Cell MCQs ## 1. Who among the following scientists discovered free-living cells in pond water for the first time? - a) Franz Bauer - b) Robert Hooke - c) Robert Brown - d) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek **Correct Answer**: d) Anton Van Leeuwenhoek ## 2. What is the length of a bacterial cell? - a) 3 to 5 μm - b) 0 to 3 µm - c) 1 to 40 μm - d) 30 to 50 μm **Correct Answer**: a) 3 to 5 μm ## 3. What are the thin filamentous extensions that the motile bacterial cells have from their cell wall called? - a) Lamellae - b) Fimbriae - c) Flagella - d) Pili **Correct Answer**: c) Flagella ## 4. Identify the organelle present in plant cells that is not there in an animal cell. - a) Nucleus - b) Plastids - c) Neuron - d) Cytoplasm **Correct Answer**: b) Plastids ## 5. What is the fourth step in mitosis where non-kinetochore spindle fibers lengthen and elongate the cell? - a) Anaphase - b) Prophase - c) Metaphase - d) Telophase **Correct Answer**: a) Anaphase ## 6. Which bacteria have a thick cell wall with several layers of peptidoglycan and teichoic acid? - a) Salmonella enterica - b) Pseudomonas aeruginosa - c) Escherichia coli - d) Staphylococcus aureus **Correct Answer**: d) Staphylococcus aureus ## 7. In the context of movement of cells, exocytosis is the process by which: - a) Cell death is brought about through a heavily regulated sequence of events - b) A cell takes in fluids along with dissolved small molecules - c) Cells move waste materials from within the cell into the extracellular fluid - d) Cells absorb external material by engulfing it with the cell membrane **Correct Answer**: c) Cells move waste materials from within the cell into the extracellular fluid ## 8. Identify the INCORRECT pair of cell shape types and their examples: - a) Irregular – Amoeba - b) Oval – Chlamydomonas - c) Elongated – Muscle cells - d) Oblong – Nerve cells **Correct Answer**: d) Oblong – Nerve cells ## 9. What is called the powerhouse of the cell? - a) Chloroplast - b) Cytoplasm - c) Nucleus - d) Mitochondria **Correct Answer**: d) Mitochondria ## 10. A plant cell wall is mainly composed of: - a) Starch - b) Lipid - c) Protein - d) Cellulose **Correct Answer**: d) Cellulose ## 11. Which of the following cell organelles is involved in apoptosis? - a) Mitochondria - b) Lysosome - c) Golgi - d) ER **Correct Answer**: a) Mitochondria ## 12. One characteristic of viruses is that they do not show any signs of life unless they enter a living host and start multiplying using the host's cell. What is the main reason behind this? - a) They camouflage themselves as non-living to find a host - b) They lack cell membrane and other organelles - c) They lack DNA - d) They need the heat of the host's body to multiply **Correct Answer**: b) They lack cell membrane and other organelles ## 13. Which organelle contains enzymes for digesting cellular waste and foreign materials? - a) Nucleus - b) Mitochondrion - c) Lysosome - d) Vacuole **Correct Answer**: c) Lysosome ## 14. What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus? - a) Lipid production - b) Sorting and packaging of cellular products - c) Cellular respiration - d) Protein synthesis **Correct Answer**: b) Sorting and packaging of cellular products ## 15. In plant cells, which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis? - a) Chloroplast - b) Mitochondrion - c) Lysosome - d) Peroxisome **Correct Answer**: a) Chloroplast ## 16. When two nuclei fuse together forming one nucleus during cell fusion, it is known as: - a) Synkaryon - b) Eukaryon - c) Heterokaryon - d) Syncytium **Correct Answer**: a) Synkaryon ## 17. Which type of cell lacks a membrane-bound nucleus? - a) Prokaryotic cell - b) Eukaryotic cell - c) Animal cell - d) Plant cell **Correct Answer**: a) Prokaryotic cell ## 18. Which cell organelle is the energy factory of cells and is an important hub for intracellular interactions with other organelles? - a) Peroxisomes - b) Lysosomes - c) Mitochondria - d) Golgi apparatus **Correct Answer**: c) Mitochondria ## 19. What specialized nerve cells does the phylum Cnidaria have to capture and stun prey such as water fleas and plankton? - a) Collar cell - b) Stinging cell - c) Flame cell - d) Chief cell **Correct Answer**: b) Stinging cell ## 20. Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton? - a) Protein synthesis - b) Cell division - c) ATP production - d) Cell support and shape **Correct Answer**: d) Cell support and shape ## 21. The basophilic nucleoprotein granules that are scattered within the cytoplasm of a nerve cell and help in protein synthesis are known as: - a) Nissl bodies - b) Subunit of Parson - c) Oxisome - d) Golgi bodies **Correct Answer**: a) Nissl bodies ## 22. In which year did Rudolf Virchow develop his ideas by publishing his famous formula 'Omnis cellula-e cellula', which became a part of the foundation of cell theory? - a) 1830 - b) 1855 - c) 1890 - d) 1902 **Correct Answer**: b) 1855 ## 23. Besides the cell organelles, there are various types of non-living components within a cell, which are known as: - a) Cytoplasmic Inclusion - b) Plasmodesmata - c) Tubules - d) Microfibrils **Correct Answer**: a) Cytoplasmic Inclusion ## 24. The primary function of which globular structure is to produce and assemble the ribosomes of the cell? - a) Chromatin - b) Nucleolus - c) Centriole - d) Peroxisomes **Correct Answer**: b) Nucleolus ## 25. Which part of the cell is responsible for generating the primary energy molecule ATP in eukaryotic animals? - a) Cell wall - b) Endoplasmic reticulum - c) Mitochondria - d) Vacuoles **Correct Answer**: c) Mitochondria ## 26. What are the membrane-bound structures in eukaryotic organisms that keep functionalities separate within the cell? - a) Cytoplasm - b) Plasma gel - c) Organelles - d) Nucleoid **Correct Answer**: c) Organelles ## 27. Which organelle is responsible for producing ATP, the cell's energy currency? - a) Nucleus - b) Mitochondrion - c) Golgi apparatus - d) Endoplasmic reticulum **Correct Answer**: b) Mitochondrion ## 28. The Y-shaped proteinaceous structure produced by immune cells to defend the body against harmful bacteria and viruses is called: - a) Immunoglobulin - b) Amino acids - c) Collagen - d) Hemoglobin **Correct Answer**: a) Immunoglobulin ## 29. Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of an organism? - a) Nucleus - b) Cell - c) ATP - d) Mitochondria **Correct Answer**: b) Cell ## 30. Which organelle contains enzymes that help break down fatty acids and detoxify certain compounds in the cell? - a) Vacuole - b) Lysosome - c) Centriole - d) Peroxisome **Correct Answer**: d) Peroxisome ## 31. What is the difference between a somatic cell and a reproductive cell? - a) Somatic cells undergo mitosis while reproductive cells undergo meiosis. - b) Somatic cells have mitochondria, but reproductive cells do not. - c) Somatic cells do not contain chromosomes, but reproductive cells do. - d) Neither somatic nor reproductive cells are diploid or haploid. **Correct Answer**: a) Somatic cells undergo mitosis while reproductive cells undergo meiosis. ## 32. How do the muscle cells help in movement? - a) The blood flow of the cells helps in movement. - b) The thickness of the cell layer helps in movement. - c) The lining of the vessels inside helps in movement. - d) The contraction and relaxation of these cells result in movement. **Correct Answer**: d) The contraction and relaxation of these cells result in movement. ## 33. Which of the following enzymes is essential for DNA replication in an animal cell? - a) Reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, Ligase - b) Reverse transcriptase, RNA polymerase, Ligase - c) Topoisomerase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, DNA primase - d) Reverse transcriptase, DNA polymerase, DNA primase **Correct Answer**: c) Topoisomerase, DNA ligase, DNA polymerase, DNA primase ## 34. Which of the following causes enlargement and extension growth of cells? - a) Turgor pressure - b) Imbibition - c) Pressure potential - d) Osmotic pressure **Correct Answer**: a) Turgor pressure ## 35. The cell wall of bacteria is made up of: - a) Glycogen - b) Cellulose - c) Peptidoglycan - d) Peptone **Correct Answer**: c) Peptidoglycan ## 36. Which chromosomal behavior takes place at the leptotene stage of cell division? - a) Synapsis is complete - b) Homologous chromosomes pair - c) Chromosomes begin to condense - d) Chromosomes are unsynapsed **Correct Answer**: c) Chromosomes begin to condense ## 37. Which cell organelle is defined as the small round organelle that undergoes oxidation reactions to produce hydrogen peroxide? - a) Vacuole - b) Nucleus - c) Centrosome - d) Peroxisomes **Correct Answer**: d) Peroxisomes ## 38. Which of the following is an example of prokaryotic cells? - a) Leishmania - b) Plasmodium - c) Yeast - d) Bacteria **Correct Answer**: d) Bacteria ## 39. Which of the following pairs is INCORRECTLY matched? - a) Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell - b) Ribosomes: Protein factory - c) Nucleus: Lipid metabolism - d) Lysosomes: Suicidal bags **Correct Answer**: c) Nucleus: Lipid metabolism ## 40. Which researcher observed densely stained reticular structures surrounding the nucleus? - a) Louis Pasteur - b) Francis Crick - c) Camillo Golgi - d) William Harvey **Correct Answer**: c) Camillo Golgi ## 41. Which structural layer in some cell types is composed of carbohydrates like cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the ratio 4:3:3 and some fatty substances like wax? - a) Cell soluble - b) Cell wall - c) Plasma membrane - d) Nuclear envelope **Correct Answer**: b) Cell wall ## 42. The primary function of which channel protein is to transport water across the cell membrane in response to the osmotic gradient? - a) Aquaporins - b) Mucins - c) Transferrin - d) Cupredoxins **Correct Answer**: a) Aquaporins ## 43. Most centrioles have a structure of triple microtubules arranged in pairs orthogonally after duplication. What is the arrangement? - a) 9 + 3 - b) 6 + 1 - c) 9 + 0 - d) 8 + 0 **Correct Answer**: a) 9+3 ## 44. Which dye is a reversible, fluorescent red, acidic dye used to stain cytoplasm, red blood cells, collagen, and muscle fibers for histological examination? - a) Eosin - b) Safranin - c) Crystal violet - d) Alizarin **Correct Answer**: a) Eosin ## 45. Which cellular structure controls cell motility, adhesion, and polarity at interphase and facilitates spindle pole organization during mitosis? - a) Centrosomes - b) Peroxisomes - c) Lysosomes - d) Glyoxysomes **Correct Answer**: a) Centrosomes ## 46. The division of cytoplasm is known as: - a) Karyokinesis - b) Cytoskeleton - c) Cytosol - d) Cytokinesis **Correct Answer**: d) Cytokinesis ## 47. Which organelles are known as the cell's post office? - a) Nucleus - b) Golgi Apparatus - c) Ribosome - d) Plastid **Correct Answer**: b) Golgi Apparatus ## 48. During cell division, the formation of a new cell wall is followed by the accumulation of: - a) Peristome - b) Periplasm - c) Phragmoplast - d) Protoplast **Correct Answer**: c) Phragmoplast ## 49. What do you call a glycocalyx that is a loose sheath type? - a) Slime layer - b) Tubules - c) Capsule - d) Mesosomes **Correct Answer**: a) Slime layer ## 50. During which phase of the cell cycle do metabolic changes assemble the cytoplasmic material required for mitosis and cytokinesis? - a) G2 phase - b) G1 phase - c) M phase - d) S phase **Correct Answer**: a) G2 phase ## 51. Which cell organelles help in intercellular digestion and are known as the "Suicidal bags" of the cell? - a) Lysosome - b) Golgi bodies - c) Centrosome - d) Chloroplasts **Correct Answer**: a) Lysosome ## 52. Plant cells have a big central \_\_\_\_ unlike a number of small \_\_\_\_\_ in animal cells. - a) Vacuole, vacuoles - b) Cell wall, cell walls - c) Tissue, tissues - d) Cell membrane, cell membranes **Correct Answer**: a) Vacuole, vacuoles ## 53. What is the major function of a cell wall? - a) It works as a storage for material - b) It provides shape and rigidity to the cell - c) It is responsible for cell division - d) It helps in the synthesis of carbohydrates **Correct Answer**: b) It provides shape and rigidity to the cell ## 54. Which component of the cell contains the hereditary material of the cell, the DNA? - a) Cell wall - b) Nucleus - c) Cell membrane - d) Cytoplasm **Correct Answer**: b) Nucleus ## 55. Which cells, also called neurilemma cells, are the main glial cells in the PNS and play an essential role in the survival and function of neurons? - a) Bipolar cells - b) Ganglion cells - c) Schwann cells - d) Photoreceptor cells **Correct Answer**: c) Schwann cells ## 56. Which form of leucoplast specializes in oil synthesis and storage and is mainly found in pollen grains? - a) Gerontoplasts - b) Proteinoplasts - c) Chloroplasts - d) Elaioplasts **Correct Answer**: d) Elaioplasts ## 57. Which of the following statements is correct regarding cell membrane? I. The membrane is selectively permeable to some molecules. II. Water may also move across this membrane from lower to higher concentration. - a) Only II - b) Only I - c) Neither I nor II - d) Both I and II **Correct Answer**: b) Only I ## 58. Select the correct statement. - a) Mitochondria and nucleus are found in bacteria. - b) Ribosomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes are found in animal cells. - c) Chloroplast, ribosomes, and nucleus are present in fungal cells. - d) Mitochondria and nucleus are absent in plant cells. **Correct Answer**: b) Ribosomes, mitochondria, and lysosomes are found in animal cells. ## 59. In a plant, \_\_\_\_\_ is present in the middle lamella, primary, and secondary walls and accumulates in the early stages of development during cell expansion. - a) Chitin - b) Gelatin - c) Alginate - d) Pectin **Correct Answer**: d) Pectin ## 60. Which of the following cell organelles is made up of ribosomal RNA and protein? - a) Ribosome - b) Nucleus - c) Golgi Bodies - d) Lysosome **Correct Answer**: a) Ribosome ## 61. Which of the following cells are found in the liver of mammals? - a) Purkinje cells - b) Microglial cells - c) Kupffer cells - d) Sensory cells **Correct Answer**: c) Kupffer cells ## 62. Which type of haploid unicellular eukaryote cells have a diameter of ~10 µm and contain cup-shaped chloroplasts? - a) Hydrodictyon - b) Ulva - c) Chlamydomonas - d) Oedogonium **Correct Answer**: c) Chlamydomonas ## 63. Which cell organelles are known as the cell's post office? - a) Nucleus - b) Golgi Apparatus - c) Ribosome - d) Plastid **Correct Answer**: b) Golgi Apparatus ## 64. The division of cytoplasm is known as: - a) Karyokinesis - b) Cytoskeleton - c) Cytosol - d) Cytokinesis **Correct Answer**: d) Cytokinesis ## 65. Which cell analysis technique is used to rapidly analyze single cells or particles suspended in a buffered solution? - a) Mass spectroscopy - b) Flow cytometry - c) Electrochemical analysis - d) Multiple displacement amplification **Correct Answer**: b) Flow cytometry ## 66. During cell division, the formation of a new cell wall is followed by the accumulation of: - a) Peristome - b) Periplasm - c) Phragmoplast - d) Protoplast **Correct Answer**: c) Phragmoplast ## 67. What do you call a glycocalyx that is a loose sheath type? - a) Slime layer - b) Tubules - c) Capsule - d) Mesosomes **Correct Answer**: a) Slime layer ## 68. During which phase of the cell cycle does metabolic activity assemble the cytoplasmic material required for mitosis and cytokinesis? - a) G2 phase - b) G1 phase - c) M phase - d) S phase **Correct Answer**: a) G2 phase ## 69. Which is a reversible, fluorescent red, acidic dye used to stain cytoplasm, red blood cells, collagen, and muscle fibers? - a) Eosin - b) Safranin - c) Crystal violet - d) Alizarin **Correct Answer**: a) Eosin ## 70. The primary function of which channel protein is to transport water across the cell membrane in response to the osmotic gradient? - a) Aquaporins - b) Mucins - c) Transferrin - d) Cupredoxins **Correct Answer**: a) Aquaporins