a1office_Bio Technology PDF

# Growing Global Demands for Food, Bioenergy, and Specialty Products - Growing global demands for food, bioenergy, and specialty products are posing significant challenges to agricultural production. - The threat posed by various environmental changes add to these pressures. - Agricultural biotechn...

# Growing Global Demands for Food, Bioenergy, and Specialty Products - Growing global demands for food, bioenergy, and specialty products are posing significant challenges to agricultural production. - The threat posed by various environmental changes add to these pressures. - Agricultural biotechnology offers a promising solution to meet these challenges. - Ethical and sociocultural concerns must be addressed to ensure widespread public trust and uptake. - Ethically responsible, socially responsive, and relevant solutions must be developed. - These solutions should be tailored to different cultural and social backgrounds and communicated to the public clearly and convincingly. - Key strategies to guide responsible use of agricultural biotechnology: - Ethical approaches - Principled decision-making - Citizen-stakeholder participation - Effective science communication - Bioethics education # Advancements in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) - Advancements in the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Mass Spectrometry (MS) along with recent developments in omics sciences have improved our understanding of molecular mechanisms and pathways associated with the physiological state of animals. ## Metabolomics: A Powerful Tool - Metabolomics is a post-genomics tool that studies small molecular metabolites in a given time frame, providing insights into the status of an organism. - Recent research focuses on metabolomics studies due to their valuable information in various fields of livestock management and precision dairying. - Aims of the present review: - To provide insight into the current research output from different sources on metabolomics' application. - To cover various areas of livestock, including nutrition, disease diagnosis, advancements, reproductive disorders, pharmaco-metabolomics, genomics studies, and dairy production studies. - The goal is to simplify and clarify metabolomics methodologies and uses in livestock research. # Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP): Predicting Human Traits from DNA - Forensic DNA Phenotyping (FDP) predicts externally visible human traits from DNA. - This rapidly growing subfield within forensic genetics helps focus police investigations by providing intelligence from DNA traces. - FDP assists in finding unknown perpetrators who are generally unidentifiable through standard DNA profiling. - Previous efforts include: - IrisPlex DNA test system for eye color prediction. - HIrisPlex system for combined eye and hair color prediction. - This paper introduces and validates the HIrisPlex-S DNA test system (S for skin) for the simultaneous prediction of eye, hair, and skin color from trace DNA. - The HIrisPlex-S system consists of two SNaPshot-based multiplex assays targeting 41 SNPs. - It uses a novel 17-plex assay for 17 skin color predictive SNPs and incorporates the previous HIrisPlex assay for 24 eye and hair color predictive SNPs. - The HIrisPlex-S system further comprises three statistical prediction models: - IrisPlex model for eye color prediction (6 SNPs) - HIrisPlex model for hair color prediction (22 SNPs) - HIrisPlex-S model for skin color prediction (36 SNPs) - Testing has shown the 17-plex assay aligns with Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM) guidelines, as previously demonstrated with the 24-plex assay. - Sensitivity testing using the 17-plex assay revealed complete SNP profiles from as little as 63 pg of input DNA. - Successful testing with various forensic casework samples (blood, semen, saliva stains, inhibited DNA, low quantity DNA, degraded DNA samples) demonstrated the robustness, efficiency, and forensic suitability of the new 17-plex assay. - The publically available HIrisPlex website (https://hirisplex.erasmusmc.nl/) has been updated to allow estimation of individual probabilities for 3 eye, 4 hair, and 5 skin color categories from HIrisPlex-S input genotypes. - The HIrisPlex-S DNA test represents the first forensically validated tool for skin color prediction and is the first to provide simultaneous eye, hair, and skin color prediction from DNA.