Hepatitis: Types, Symptoms, and Prevention PDF

B y: S OL AV HU DA SKALA HEPATITIS PRZHA Table of content 01 Introduction 02 Types of Hepatitis 03 Symptoms of Hepatitis 04 Diagnosis of hepatitis 05 Preve...

B y: S OL AV HU DA SKALA HEPATITIS PRZHA Table of content 01 Introduction 02 Types of Hepatitis 03 Symptoms of Hepatitis 04 Diagnosis of hepatitis 05 Preventions INTRODUCTION Liver inflammation is known as hepatitis. Swelling that occurs when bodily tissues are damaged or infected is called inflammation. It may harm your liver. This swelling and damage might impact your liver's ability to function. There are two types of hepatitis infections: acute (short-term) and chronic (long-term). Only acute infections are caused by certain forms of hepatitis. Other kinds can cause acute and persistent infections. TYPES OF HEPATITIS: HEPATITIS A HEPATITIS B Hepatitis A is an easily treatable disease if detected early. Hepatitis B is a type of hepatitis that is cured automatically after two months of infection Once treated, the body gains immunity to prevent re-infection if the infection occurs during adulthood. However, if the infection occurs during childhood, with the virus. A vaccine is available to prevent the virus. it requires treatment with antiviral medications so that the condition does not worsen and The virus that causes hepatitis A is found in the stool of reaches the point of cirrhosis or liver cancer. infected people, so it is transmitted to others in the following A vaccine is available against the virus that causes it to prevent it. ways: The virus that causes hepatitis B is present in the blood of the infected person, so it is Drinking water contaminated with the stool of an infected transmitted in the following ways: person. Birth, where it is transmitted from the blood of the infected mother to her child. Eating food contaminated with the stool of an infected person. Exposure to needles contaminated with the virus, and this condition is common among addicts because they do not take any health precautions. Sexual contact. TYPES OF HEPATITIS: HEPATITIS C HEPATITIS D Hepatitis C is a type of chronic liver infection because it worsens in the body without any noticeable symptoms. The virus that causes it affects people with hepatitis B Its symptoms are similar to influenza and the infected because it needs the B virus to remain active, and the person cannot distinguish between them, so the condition virus is present in the blood of the infected person, so often worsens and leads to cirrhosis and liver failure. the methods of transmission are similar to the Hepatitis C can be treated with antiviral medications in transmission of viral hepatitis B and C. some cases, and health organizations recommend no Hepatitis D is certainly accompanied by hepatitis B, treatment, and there is currently no vaccine for it. which exposes the body to more serious diseases than The virus that causes hepatitis C is present in the blood them, such as: cirrhosis and liver cancer. of the infected person, so its transmission methods are There is no vaccine against this virus, but vaccines for similar to hepatitis B mentioned earlier. the virus that causes hepatitis B help somewhat in protecting against it. TYPES OF HEPATITIS: HEPATITIS E Hepatitis E is a type of hepatitis that is widespread throughout the world, and there are 4 genotypes of it, two of which are found in humans and two in animals. Type E is characterized by causing a serious disease known as acute hepatitis that leads to death for some infected people. The virus that causes hepatitis E is found in the stool of the infected person, so the methods of its transmission are as follows: Drinking water contaminated with the stool of the infected person. Eating food contaminated with the stool of the infected person. TYPES OF HEPATITIS How it spreads Prevention Treatment Hepatitis A virus From contaminated Improved hygiene No available treatment HAV food and water Vaccination Hepatitis B virus Blood screening Contact with infected Nucleoside analogs Improved hygiene HBV body fluids Vaccination pegylated interferon Hepatitis C virus Blood screening Direct-acting antiviral Intravenous drug use Sterile needles for drug agents (with or without HCV Not sterilised medical injections pegylated-interferon Hepatitis D virus Blood screening spread through contact Chronic hepatitis D can be Sterile needles for HDV with infected blood drug injections treated with interferon Hepatitis E virus spread through blood-to- Improved hygiene Chronic hepatitis E benefit blood contact, unsafe sex & Food sanitation from using ribavirin. an HEV during childbirth Practice safe sex antiviral drug SYMPTOMS OF HEPATITIS Fatigue Vomiting Fever Joint Pain Stomach Pain Dark Urine DIAGNOSIS OF HEPATITIS 01 BLOOD TESTS Liver function tests to assess liver damage PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) test to detect viral RNA (for Hepatitis C) Hepatitis serology to identify antibodies 02 IMAGING Ultrasound or liver biopsy to assess liver damage. General Preventive Measures: 01 03 Safe hygiene Safe blood practices (hand transfusions and washing, sanitation) medical procedures 02 04 Avoid sharing needles Screening of blood or personal items products and organ (razors, toothbrushes) donations  WHAT ABOUT HEPATITIS B? What is dormant hepatitis B? There is a large percentage of people who carry the hepatitis B virus in their blood, but without any symptoms, and these people can transmit the infection to those around them, and this condition is called dormant hepatitis B. The following is the most important information about this condition: Patients who carry the dormant hepatitis B virus need to be followed up at regular intervals so that the disease does not worsen, and also to maintain the virus's status during the dormant period. THANK YOU