9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints PDF

9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Movements are described in terms that reflect the – Plane or direction of movement – Relationship between structures  Planes of movement – Monaxial—1 plane (e.g., elbow) – Biaxial—2 planes (e.g., wrist) – Tr...

9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Movements are described in terms that reflect the – Plane or direction of movement – Relationship between structures  Planes of movement – Monaxial—1 plane (e.g., elbow) – Biaxial—2 planes (e.g., wrist) – Triaxial—3 planes (e.g., shoulder) 1 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Types of movement at synovial joints – Gliding movement – Angular movement – Circumduction – Rotational movement – Special movements 2 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9–2 Joint Movement (Part 6 of 12). Axes of Motion Movement of joints can also be described by the number of axes that they can rotate around. A joint that permits movement around one axis is called monaxial, a joint that permits movement around two axes is called biaxial, and one that permits movement around three axes, is called triaxial. Superior–inferior axis Lateral–medial axis Anterior–posterior axis 3  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Gliding movement – When two flat surfaces slide past each other – Example: between carpal bones 4 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Angular movement – Flexion and extension are movements in the anterior– posterior plane – Flexion Decreases angle between articulating bones – Extension Increases angle between articulating bones – Hyperextension Extension past anatomical position 5 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Angular movement – Abduction and adduction are movements in the frontal plane – Abduction Movement away from longitudinal axis – Adduction Movement toward longitudinal axis 6 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Circumduction – A complete circular movement without rotation 7 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Rotational movement – Rotation in reference to anatomical position Example: left or right rotation of head – Limb rotation is relative to longitudinal axis of body Medial rotation (internal rotation toward long axis) Lateral rotation (external rotation away from body) 8 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Rotational movement – Pronation Rotates forearm so that radius rolls across ulna Results in palm facing posteriorly – Supination Turns palm anteriorly Forearm is supinated in anatomical position 9 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Special movements – Inversion Twists sole of foot medially – Eversion Twists sole of foot laterally – Dorsiflexion Flexion at ankle (lifting toes) – Plantar flexion Extension at ankle (pointing toes) 10 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Special movements – Opposition Movement of thumb toward palm or other fingers – Reposition Opposite of opposition – Protraction Anterior movement in horizontal plane (forward) – Retraction Opposite of protraction (pulling back) 11 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Special movements – Depression Moving a structure inferiorly (down) – Elevation Moving a structure superiorly (up) – Lateral flexion Bending vertebral column to the side 12 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Classification of synovial joints – Plane (gliding) – Hinge – Condylar (ellipsoid) – Saddle – Pivot – Ball-and-socket 13 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc.  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Plane joint (gliding joint) – Flattened or slightly curved surfaces – Limited motion (nonaxial)  Hinge joint – Angular motion in a single plane (monaxial)  Condylar joint – Oval articular face within a depression – Motion in two planes (biaxial) 14 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9–2 Joint Movement (Part 7 of 12). Plane joint Plane joints, or gliding Movement: Examples: Gliding. icle Acromioclavicular and joints, have flattened or Clav slightly curved surfaces Slight claviculosternal joints that slide across one nonaxial Intercarpal joints another, but the amount of Manubrium Vertebrocostal joints movement is very slight. Sacro-iliac joints 15 Figure 9–2 Joint Movement (Part 8 of 12). Hinge joint Hinge joints permit angular Movement: Humerus Examples: motion in a single plane, Angular. Elbow joint like the opening and Monaxial Knee joint closing of a door. Ulna Ankle joint Interphalangeal joint 16 Figure 9–2 Joint Movement (Part 9 of 12). Condylar joint Movement: Examples: Condylar joints, or ellipsoid Angular. Radiocarpal joint joints, have an oval articular face Biaxial Scaphoid Metacarpophalangeal nestled within a depression on bone joints 2–5 the opposing surface. Metatarsophalangeal Radius Ulna joints 17  9-3 Movements at Synovial Joints  Saddle joint – Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle – Biaxial  Pivot joint – Rotation only – Monaxial  Ball-and-socket joint – Round head in a cup-shaped depression – Triaxial 18 © 2018 Pearson Education, Inc. Figure 9–2 Joint Movement (Part 10 of 12). Saddle joint Saddle joints have complex Movement: Metacarpal Examples: articular faces and fit together Angular. III II First carpometacarpal bone of like a rider in a saddle. Each Biaxial thumb joint face is concave along one axis and convex along the other. Trapezium 19 Figure 9–2 Joint Movement (Part 11 of 12). Pivot joint Movement: Examples: Pivot joints only Rotation. Atlas Atlanto-axial joint Monaxial Proximal radio-ulnar permit rotation. joint Axis 20 Figure 9–2 Joint Movement (Part 12 of 12). Ball-and-socket joint Movement: Examples: Angular, Shoulder joint In a ball-and-socket Scapula circumduction, Hip joint joint, the round head and rotation. of one bone rests within Triaxial a cup-shaped depression Humerus in another. 21