Innovative Low-Carbon Energy Conversion Systems CHEG 403 Fall 2024 PDF

Innovative Low-Carbon Energy Conversion Systems CHEG 403 – Fall 2024 3 - Standard thermodynamic processes and cycles Faisal Abdulla AlMarzooqi TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2024 2 ku.ac.ae Heat Engines and Heat Pumps Heat En...

Innovative Low-Carbon Energy Conversion Systems CHEG 403 – Fall 2024 3 - Standard thermodynamic processes and cycles Faisal Abdulla AlMarzooqi TUESDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2024 2 ku.ac.ae Heat Engines and Heat Pumps Heat Engine = Convert Heat Heat Pump = Convert Work into Work into Heat 3 ku.ac.ae Heat Engines and Heat Pumps 4 ku.ac.ae Carnot Cycle 5 ku.ac.ae Chemical Rate Processes: the release of heat through burning (combustion) Combustion: fuel + oxidant → products + heat Chemical rate of the burning of fuel: k(T) is the rate constant and sometimes called the reaction velocity, it is commonly found through the Arrhenius rate expression: k0 is related to how many times the molecules collide per unit time Ea has been shown to be equal to the difference between the average energy of those molecules that actually react and the (smaller) average energy of the entire collection of molecules 6 ku.ac.ae Chemical Rate Processes The above Arrhenius rate expression tells us that the rate of chemical reaction rises exponentially with temperature. We can understand this better if we differentiate the equation: Quantifying the release of heat, 𝑄:ሶ 7 ku.ac.ae Nuclear Rate Processes In nuclear process, species get converted from one from to another and release heat during the process. To make it simple, let us consider a simple first-order chemical reaction: A→B The rate of disappearance of A 𝑚ሶ 𝐴 with a = 1 and b = 0 (slide 5) gives: To solve this equation, we need one initial condition. This requirement is met if we know the initial concentration, [ A ( t = 0)]: Thank You ku.ac.ae