Understanding The Self (UTS) PDF

REVIEW INTEGRATED FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (UTS) Discuss the concept of suffering and selfish desire in connection with EASTERN PHILOSOPHERS...

REVIEW INTEGRATED FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS UNDERSTANDING THE SELF (UTS) Discuss the concept of suffering and selfish desire in connection with EASTERN PHILOSOPHERS life. LAO TZU Dukkha: Life is full of suffering. Father of Eastern Philosophy Samudaya: Suffering is caused by The founder of Taoism, his popular desire and attachment. philosophy in the “TAO TE CHING” Nirodha: There is an end to YIN AND YANG THEORY suffering. , CONFUCIUS Magga: The path to end suffering is the Eightfold Path. CONFUCIANISM Civil Service Exam EIGHT-FOLD PATH ANALECTS Set of guidelines in Buddhism that the GOLDEN RULE Buddha taught as part of the Four Noble FILIAL PIETY Truths. He was able to establish the art of Right View: Understanding the teaching as a vocation. Four Noble Truths. SIDDHARTA GAUTAMA BUDDHA Right Intention: Cultivating good intentions like kindness and Also known as Buddha renunciation. FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS Right Speech: Avoiding lies, harsh EIGHTFOLD PATH words, and gossip. NIRVANA  Right Action: Acting ethically, PLATO avoiding harm to others. Great student of Socrates Right Livelihood: Choosing a Author of The Republic moral and ethical way to earn a He is an Idealist living. Theory of Forms Right Effort: Maintaining focus on Allegory of the Cave positive thoughts and actions. PLATO: ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE Right Mindfulness: Being fully aware and present in the moment. Plato explains the allegory of the Right Concentration: Developing cave using theory of forms and the deep focus through meditation. beauty of seeking the truth and thinking deeply. WESTERN PHILOSPHERS ARISTOTLE SOCRATIC PHILOSOPHERS Father of Political Science Father of Logic Socrates Plato Aristotle Goldean Mean SOCRATES ARISTOTLE Father of Western Philosophers Logical Reasoning: Syllogism Concerned with questioning the Example “All men are mortal; Human Ethics Socrates is a man: Therefore, Socratic Method Socrates is mortal” Know thyself ARISTOTLE For Locke, reason and learning are shaped by observation and THREE DISTINCTIONS OF SOUL interaction with the world. 1. VEGETATIVE 2. SENSITIVE soul is a philosophical theory that states 3. RATIONAL soul knowledge comes primarily from ARISTOTLE sensory experience. It emphasizes Aristotle disagreed with Plato’s theory of observation, experimentation, and forms. For him, all ideas and views are evidence gathered through the based on perception, and our reality is based senses, rather than relying on innate on what we can sense and perceive. ideas or pure reasoning. Key proponents include John Locke, JOHN LOCKE George Berkeley, and David Hume. TABULA RASA “EMPTY MIND” CHARLES HORTON COOLEY The human mind is a blank slate, or LOOKING GLASS SELF tabula rasa, at birth. people develop their self-image EMPERICISM based on how they think others John Locke believed that all perceive them knowledge comes from experience. , RENÉ DESCARTES He argued that the mind is a "tabula rasa" (blank slate) at birth, and Father of Modern Philosophy understanding is built through Dualism sensory experiences and reflection. - reality is divided into two parts  Mind: A non-extended, thinking 3. GAME STAGE - Begins in the early thing school years; about 8 or 9 years old. Body: An extended, non-thinking - At this point, children understand not thing only their own social position but “Cogito, ergo sum” - I think, those around them. therefore I am SIGMUND FRUED GILBERT RYLE CONSTRUCTION OF SELF AND Rejects Dualism PERSONALITY I act therefore I am Id: The primitive, unconscious part GEORGE HERBERT MEAD driven by desires and instincts (pleasure principle). THEORY OF SOCIAL SELF Ego: The rational part that balances - This explains that self has two the Id and reality (reality principle). division: “I” and “Me” Superego: The moral conscience, GEORGE HERBERT MEAD representing societal and parental standards. 1. PREPARATORY STAGE - Start at 0-3 years old, The Children SIGMUND FRUED imitate people around them. Three Levels of Mind 2. PLAY STAGE - Start at 3 to 5 years 1. The Conscious Mind old, 2. The Preconscious Mind - children here learn to communicate 3. The Unconscious mind through language and other symbols. Oral Latent Age 0-1 Age 6-puberty Focus on oral activities, sucking, Peer/social relationships and gender tasting roles Problems: Addiction to smoking or Problem: Critical stage to develop eating- oral fixation social skills and confidence Anal Genital Age 1-3 Puberty- adult Focus on controlling bowels/ Sexual desires and urges bladder (toilet training) directed toward others Problem: Anal retentive or anal Problem: Transfer of fixations from expulsive earlier stages Phallic ERIK ERIKSON Age: 3-6 8 stages of psychosocial Focus on genitals and development differences between sexes Personality develops through eight Problem: Vanity, envy, passivity. stages from infancy to old age confused identity 8 STAGES OF PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 1. Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy, 0-1 year) Virtue: Fidelity Key Question: "Can I trust the 6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young world?" Adulthood, 19-40 years) Virtue: Hope Key Question: "Can I love and be 2. Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt loved?" (Early Childhood, 1-3 years) Virtue: Love Key Question: "Can I do things 7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle myself, or must I rely on others?" Adulthood, 40-65 years) Virtue: Will Key Question: "Can I make my life 3. Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool, 3-6 count?" years) Virtue: Care Key Question: "Is it okay for me to 8. Integrity vs. Despair (Maturity, 65+ do, move, and act?" years) Virtue: Purpose Key Question: "Is it okay to have 4. Industry vs. Inferiority (School Age, been me?" 6-12 years) Virtue: Wisdom Key Question: "Can I make it in the world of people and things?" Virtue: Competence 5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (Adolescence, 12-18 years) Key Question: "Who am I, and what can I be?" MASLOW HIERARCHY OF NEEDS 1. Physiological Needs (PYRAMID) Basic survival needs such as food, Maslow's theory states that our water, air, shelter, sleep, and warmth. actions are motivated by VIKTOR FRANKL psychological needs that progress LOGOTHERAPHY from basic to complex. Emphasize the meaning of life even 5. Self-Actualization in the face of suffering Fulfillment of potential, personal ST. AUGUSTINE growth, creativity, and meaning. The Human Person, being the 4. Esteem Needs creation of God is always geared Recognition, respect, self-esteem, towards good. confidence, and achievement. The self is only known through 3. Love and Belonging Needs knowing god. Relationships, friendships, family, OTHER IMPORTANT CONCEPT intimacy, and social connections. EUDAIMONIA 2. Safety Needs A Greek word that means Protection, security, stability, "happiness" or "well-being". It can freedom from fear, order, and law. also be translated as "flourishing" or "good spirit" DUALISM environmental factors (nurture) in shaping a person's characteristics. - reality is divided into two parts Mind: A non-extended, thinking thing Body: An extended, non-thinking thing MATERIALISM Materialism states that everything that truly exists is matter; everything is material, thus all phenomena we see are a result of material interactions. TABULA RASA The human mind is a blank slate, or tabula rasa, at birth. SUMMUM BONUM The supreme good from which all others are derived. NATURE VS. NURTURE a discussion about the relative importance of genetics (nature) and