Post Guptas - Chalukyas PDF

## Post Guptas - Chalukyas ### Post Gupta Era **Pushyabhuti/Vardhana Dynasty** * Founder: Pushyabhuti * In Thaneswar, Haryana * Son: Prabhakarvardhan * Rajyavardhana (Sister) * Rajyashri (Husband) * Saved by Harshavardhana * Kannauj (Or Kanyakubja) * Ruling over Graha...

## Post Guptas - Chalukyas ### Post Gupta Era **Pushyabhuti/Vardhana Dynasty** * Founder: Pushyabhuti * In Thaneswar, Haryana * Son: Prabhakarvardhan * Rajyavardhana (Sister) * Rajyashri (Husband) * Saved by Harshavardhana * Kannauj (Or Kanyakubja) * Ruling over Grahavarman * Killed by Shashanka (Gauda King of North Bengal) * Formed alliance with Harshavardhana * Killed by Deva Gupta (Ruling over Malwa) * Son: Rajyavardhana (eldest), Harshavardhana (youngest) * Married his daughter to Dhruvasena II of Maitraka Dynasty * Harshavardhana (606-647 AD) * Capital: Kannauj * Defeated: Dhruvasena II (Vallabhi ruler, Gujarat) * Traveler visited by: Hiuen-Tsang (Xuang-Zang) - 1400 yrs (2nd Chinese traveller) * Assemblies organized: 1. Kannauj: to honour Hiuen-Tsang 2. Prayag: organized every 5 yrs (confluence of Ganga, Yamuna, Saraswati) * Origin of Kumbh (First historic evidence of Kumbh) * Was a Shaivite * Patronised Buddhist religion * Author of 3 books: * Ratnavali * Nagananda * Priyadarshika * Biography: Harshacharitra - By his court poet: Banabhatta * He was defeated by Pulakeshin II (Chalukyan King) on the banks of Narmada river * Wrote: Kadambari * Title taken by Pulakeshin II after defeating Harshavardhana: Dakshinapatheshwara (Lord of South) * Other title: Parameshwara ### Chalukyas - Feudatory of Kadamba of Banvasi * 3 distinct dynasties: * Badami Chalukya (Early Chalukya) * Western Chalukya (Later Chalukya) - Capital: Kalyani * Eastern Chalukya - Capital: Vengi **Badami Chalukya** * 1st ruler: Jayasimha (Founder) * Capital: Vatapi * Most powerful ruler: Pulakeshin I (543-566 AD) * Son: Kirtivarman I (died) * Pulakeshin II (son) * Killed: Mangalesha (brother of Kirtivarman I) **Pulakeshin II (610-642 AD)** * Greatest of his dynasty * Defeated Harshavardhana * Defeated Mahendravarman I (Pallava ruler) - Battle of Pullalur * Son * Was defeated by Narasimhavarman I * Title taken: Vatapikonda (conqueror of Vatapi) * Vikramaditya I → Kirtivarman II (great grandson) → Defeated by: Rashtrakuta **Chalukyan Architecture** * Aihole Pillar Inscription: description about Pulakeshin II - Composed by: Ravikriti (court poet) * Style: Vesara style (Nagara + Dravida style) | Style | Description | |-------------|-----------------------------------| | North Indian | Nagara | | South Indian | Dravida | | Vesara | Nagara + Dravida | * Ravana phadi caves, Aihole * Lad Khan Temple (Aihole) ### Pallava - Feudatories of Kalabhras * Founder: Simha Vishnu * Greatest ruler: Mahendravarman I * Son: Narasimhavarman I (Title: Mahamalla and Vatapikonda) * Defeated Pulakeshin II * Founded port city: Mahabalipuram * Capital: Kanchipuram **Architecture** * Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram * Built by: Narasimhavarman II * Dedicated to Lord Shiva * Added in 1984 * Kailasanathar Temple * Built by: Narasimhavarman II * Seven Ratha Temples * Built by: Narasimhavarman I ### Rashtrakutas (753-982 AD) * Founder: Dantidurga * Son: Krishna I * Built: Kailasha Temple at Ellora * Dhruva → Govinda III * Amoghavarsha * Indra III (defeated Pratihara) * Dantidurga performed Hiranyagarbha ritual (golden womb) **Amoghavarsha (814 –878 AD)** * Great Grand son of Krishna I * Capital: Manyakheta * He was converted to Jainism * Books written by Amoghavarsha I * Kavirajamarga * Prashnottara Ratnamalika * Krishna III of Rashtrakuta Dynasty defeated Cholas **Architecture** * Temples from Hindu, Jainism and Buddhism * Ajanta and Ellora (Aurangabad, Maharashtra) * Satvahanna * Rashtrakuta * Ellora caves * Ellora Elephanta caves built by Rashtrakutas * Ajanta caves ### Hoysalas * They were feudatory to Chalukyas of Kalyani (Later Chalukyas) * Capital: Dwarasamudra (Halebidu) * Founder: Nripa Kama II **Architecture** * Dashavatara Temple * Dedicated to Lord Vishnu * Chennakeshava Temple * Star-shaped temple * Built by: King Vishnuvardhana * Bhumija style of architecture * Dedicated to Lord Vishnu * Hoysaleswara Temple * 42nd UNESCO World Heritage site * Dedicated to Lord Vishnu * There are 3 Jain Basadis here