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# Lab 5: Coin Flip Simulation ### Objective The objective of this lab is to simulate coin flips using Python and explore the concepts of randomness, probability, and data visualization. ### Materials * Python 3.x * Jupyter Notebook or any Python IDE * Libraries: `random`, `matplotlib.pyplot...

# Lab 5: Coin Flip Simulation ### Objective The objective of this lab is to simulate coin flips using Python and explore the concepts of randomness, probability, and data visualization. ### Materials * Python 3.x * Jupyter Notebook or any Python IDE * Libraries: `random`, `matplotlib.pyplot` ### Procedure 1. **Setting up the Environment** * Make sure you have Python 3.x installed. * Install the necessary libraries using pip: ```bash pip install matplotlib ``` 2. **Creating the Coin Flip Function** * Write a function that simulates a coin flip. The function should return either "Heads" or "Tails" randomly. ```python import random def coin_flip(): if random.random() >= 0.5: return "Heads" else: return "Tails" ``` 3. **Simulating Multiple Coin Flips** * Write a function that simulates flipping a coin multiple times. The function should take the number of flips as an argument and return a list containing the results of each flip. ```python def multiple_flips(num_flips): results = [] for i in range(num_flips): results.append(coin_flip()) return results ``` 4. **Analyzing the Results** * Write a function that takes the list of flip results and calculates the number of heads and tails. ```python def analyze_results(results): heads = results.count("Heads") tails = results.count("Tails") return heads, tails ``` 5. **Visualizing the Results** * Use `matplotlib.pyplot` to create a bar chart showing the number of heads and tails. ```python import matplotlib.pyplot as plt def visualize_results(heads, tails): labels = ['Heads', 'Tails'] counts = [heads, tails] plt.bar(labels, counts) plt.ylabel('Number of Flips') plt.title('Coin Flip Results') plt.show() ``` 6. **Main Function to Run the Simulation** * Combine all the functions into a main function that takes the number of flips as input, simulates the flips, analyzes the results, and visualizes the results. ```python def main(num_flips): results = multiple_flips(num_flips) heads, tails = analyze_results(results) print(f"Heads: {heads}, Tails: {tails}") visualize_results(heads, tails) if __name__ == "__main__": num_flips = int(input("Enter the number of coin flips: ")) main(num_flips) ``` ### Expected Output * The program should output the number of heads and tails. * A bar chart should be displayed showing the counts of heads and tails. ### Analysis Questions 1. What happens to the ratio of heads to tails as the number of flips increases? 2. How does the bar chart change as you increase the number of flips? 3. What are the limitations of this simulation? How could it be improved to more accurately reflect real-world coin flips? ### Submission * Submit your Python script or Jupyter Notebook containing all the functions and the main program. * Include a brief write-up answering the analysis questions. --- The image contains the instructions for Lab 5: Coin Flip Simulation, including the objective, materials, procedure (setting up the environment, creating functions for coin flip, multiple flips, analyzing results, visualizing results, and a main function), expected output, analysis questions, and submission details. The code snippets are provided in Python.