Baking: A Basic Concept in Bread and Pastry Production PDF

# Basic Concept in Bread and Pastry Production ## History of Baking Baking is as old as human existence. Since then, grains have dominated the human diet. During the early centuries, wild grains were toasted and pounded hallowed stones. Then, the water was poured into the coarse meal to make a pa...

# Basic Concept in Bread and Pastry Production ## History of Baking Baking is as old as human existence. Since then, grains have dominated the human diet. During the early centuries, wild grains were toasted and pounded hallowed stones. Then, the water was poured into the coarse meal to make a paste and this mixture was laid on a heated flat stone to be cooked. It was then were flatbread started and this flatbread is still evident today. ## What is Baking? - It is a method of preparing food that uses dry heat, normally in an oven, but can also be done in hot ashes, or on hot stones. - Is the process of cooking food by indirect heat or dry heat in a confined space usually in an oven using gas, electricity, charcoal, or wood at a temperature from 250°F to 400°F. It is considered the best method of cooking to retain the nutritional value of food ## The Most Common Baked Item - The most common baked item is **bread** but many other types of foods are baked. - Heat is gradually transferred "from the surface of cakes, cookies, and breads to their center. As heat travels through, it transforms batters and doughs into baked goods and more with a firm dry crust and a softer center." - When production was industrialized, baking was automated by machines in large factories. The art of baking remains a fundamental skill and is important for nutrition, as baked goods, especially breads, are a common and important food from an economic and cultural point of view. ## Baker - Is called to a person who prepares baked goods as a profession ## Who Introduced Baking to Filipinos? - One school of thought is that Spanish missionaries introduced baking to the country. ## Who is the Father of Modern Baking? - Georges-August Escoffier (1847-1935), the greatest chef of his time, is still revered by chefs and gourmets as the father of twentieth-century cookery. ## Baking in Ancient Times ### **Stone Age** - The first evidence of baking occurred when humans took wild grass grains, soaked them in water, and mixed everything, mashing it into a kind of broth-like paste. - The paste was cooked by pouring it onto a flat, hot rock, resulting in an a bread-like substance. Later, when humans mastered fire, the paste was roasted on hot embers, which made bread-making easier, as it could now be made any time fire was created. - The world's oldest oven was discovered in Croatia in 2014 dating back 6500 years ago. ### **The Romans Baked Bread In An Oven With Its Own Chimney And Had Mills To Grind Grain Into Flour** - A bakers' guild was established in 168 B.C. in Rome. - The Roman art of baking became known throughout and eventually spread to Eastern parts of Asia. ## The History of Baking in the Philippines - The use of enclosed ovens, to produce bread and pastry, was probably introduced by European explorers and colonizers. - Pies, and cakes, were prevalent in Europe during the 17th century, and as the continent spread its reach across the seas, they brought the art of baking along with it. - The importance of baked goods in Philippine tradition is undeniable. With so many foreign influences that made their mark on how baking developed in the Philippines, there is no definitive answer really, to how it all began. What we do know, is the importance of this wonderfully delicious art, and how it has since been vital in every Filipino's life. **Gardenia Bakeries Philippines** - Gardenia Bakeries Philippines Inc. is a privately owned bread company based in the Philippines. It was founded by Simplicio Umali in 1978 in Singapore as an in-store bakery. *Gardenia produces different types of cake and bread. One of its products is Pandesal.* *A common bread roll in the Philippines* ## Different Types of Bread - **Kababayan** - **Ensaymada** - **Spanish Bread** - **Pandesal** ## Baking Tools and Equipment: Classification and Its Uses ### **Baking Pans and Cutting Tools** 1. **Baking sheet** - also known as sheet pan, 34 inch deep and is used to bake products that are thick or stiff enough to stand on their own like cookies or biscuits. 2. **Bundt pan** - heavy-walled baking pan formed with a decorative indented curvature and a hollow tube in the center. It is used in baking elegant cakes. The tube in the center allows the cake to bake evenly. 3. **Cake pans** - comes in different sizes and shapes used in baking cakes like chiffon cakes. 4. **Custard Cup** - it is used to bake custard, usually made of glass or porcelain. You can remove the custard in the cup or serve it directly. 5. **Griddle pans** - a flat pan with a long handle designed to be place over stovetop or burners to cook food. 6. **Jelly roll pan** - it is similar to baking sheet but usually 1 inch deep used in baking cake rolls. 7. **Loaf pan** - it is rectangular in shape and deep walled used to bake single loaf of bread. 8. **Macaroon molders** - it has 24 small formed cups used for baking coconut macaroons. 9. **Muffin pan** - it typically has 6 or 12 individual round pockets or holders connected to the tin and formed in the shape of a muffin or cupcakes. 10. **Pop over pan** - specifically designed to hold popover batter, as it bakes, the batter "pops" up and over the cup. 11. **Tube center pan** - it has a tube in the center that allows uniform baking. It is used for baking cake such as angel cake or sponge cake. ### **Cutting Tools** - used for cutting, peeling or chopping ingredients 1. **Biscuit and Doughnut Cutter** - typically made form stainless or plastic, used to cut evenly the doughnut or cookies dough before baking. 2. **Chopping boards** - a hard surfaced kitchen tool usually made of wood or plastic in which foods are cut or sliced. 3. **Kitchen shears** - more versatile than a standard scissors are used to cut foods/ingredients for preparation. 4. **Paring Knife** - a small knife typically 3-5 inches in length used for peeling or mincing and cutting small ingredients. 5. **Pastry blender** - also called pastry cutter, used to cut butter or solid fat to easily blend in flour for making pastry dough. 6. **Pastry wheel** - a single wheel that are wooden or metal, the wheel has a straight edge for scoring, marking, and cutting the dough. ## Activities: *Identify the tool/s in the picture. Write the name and uses on the space provided.* ## Valuing: **Reflection:** Selecting the proper baking pan and using the correct cutting tool is essential for achieving the right consistency, flavor, and appearance of your baked goods. *What could possibly happen if we don't select the proper baking pan?*