Philosophy Final Exam 19.12.23 PDF

Philosophy final exam 19.12.23 1. When did philosophy begin? a) 6 th Century B.C. b) 17th Century B.C. c) 4th Century B.C. d) 19th Century B.C. e) 9th Century B.C. 2. Where did philosophy begin? a) in Ancient Egypt b) in Ancient England c) in Ancient Spain d) in Ancient Greece e) in Middle East 3...

Philosophy final exam 19.12.23 1. When did philosophy begin? a) 6 th Century B.C. b) 17th Century B.C. c) 4th Century B.C. d) 19th Century B.C. e) 9th Century B.C. 2. Where did philosophy begin? a) in Ancient Egypt b) in Ancient England c) in Ancient Spain d) in Ancient Greece e) in Middle East 3. The first "scientists" in Ancient Greece were called… a) thinkers b) clever men c) natural philosophers d) ideal philosophers e) speakers 4. Complete the sentence. Philosophy is … a) mathematical science. b)the form of human spiritual activity c) the way of the death d) the form of the art e) the form of the exercises 5. What does philosophy involve? a) reflection about computer programmer b) reflection about pronunciation skills c) funny stories d) detectives 6. The main peculiarity of philosophy is: a) study relationship between personality and society or objective reality. b) study animal’s life c)study the nature d) study television programmers e) study student activity 7. What schools the fundamental question of philosophy connected with? a) pragmatism and naturalism b) deconstruction and hermeneutics c) materialism and idealism d) rationalism and theocentrism e) cosmocentrism and scientism 8. Why does philosophy differ from mythology very much. a) because mythology involves the belief to the God, explanation of our reality’s by the God’s will. b) because mythology uses rational thinking c) because mythology involves oral explanations d) because mythology involves new scientific methods e) because mythology tries to explain the origin of the objective reality through human consciousness 9. Choose the right sentence. a) mythology helped humanity to investigate the atom. b) mythology relied upon scientific methods c) mythology is new form of thinking d) mythology is a part of theoretical philosophy. e) mythology consist of notions of an all – powerful God is in control of everything. 10. What philosophical school claims that origins of our world is an idea (God, God’s mind, universal intelligence, universal reason or absolute spirit ). a) materialistic b) empiricist c) rationalistic d) idealistic e) scientistic 11. What discipline tries to explain that moral principles have an objective foundation. a) philosophy b) biology c) mathematics d) theosophy e) history 12. The main function of philosophy is: a) to bring a happiness to humanity b) to preserve spiritual values and to form scientific worldview (philosophy). c) to discover religious doctrines d) to make the world beautiful e) to solve mathematical tasks 13. Complete the sentence. Philosophy is humanitarian discipline, it learns students to… a) develop their physical ability b) improve their pronunciation c) develop their technical skills d) strengthen their passion e) develop their thinking and speech. 14. What does philosophy usually use? a) scientific methods of cognition. b) religious dogmas c) human intuition d) will of power e) power of love 15 Complete the sentence. By the materialism - our reality is made of … a) Divine ideas b) water c) cosmo energy d) material staff e) human energy 16. The fundamental question of the human is: a) essence of his life b) how much does my life cost c) how much will I have children? d) have I will of love e) essence of his passion 17. Call the scientific methods of cognition. a) analysis, synthesis, intuition b) theory, analogy, analysis, power of the will c) experiment, theory, analogy, analysis, synthesis. d) power of the passion, analysis, synthesis e) analysis, synthesis, discussion 18. Culture is: a) form of religion b) division of psychology c) spiritual and material values of the humanity d) form of science e) spiritual matter of humanity 19. Function of philosophy is: a) generalize all theological form of thinking and makes up common notion (representation) of the world b) summarize all scientific achievements of different sciences and makes up common notion (representation) of the world c) generalize all physical abilities of the human and makes up common notion (representation) of the humanity d) discover the essence of absolute in the universe e) discover the relations between human and animals 20. Experiment is: a) theory of values b) scientific instrument of thinking c) scientific way of living d) scientific method of cognition. e) form of behavior 21.Call the oldest major world religion. a) Islam b) theosophy c) anthroposophy d) dianetica E) Hinduism 22.What culture has Hinduism its origin at least as far back as 3000 BC. a) in ancient Vedic culture b) in ancient chinese culture c) in ancient greek culture d) in ancient japanese culture e) in ancient Buddhist culture 23. What does moksha mean? a) power b) liberation c) reincarnation d) karma e) passion 24. Where do many streams of hinduistic thought flow from? a) Vedic/Hindu schools, Buddhist schools b) Vedic/Hindu schools, taoist schools. c) Tantra Agamic schools, Shacty sects and Mantra Agamic schools d) Dharma schools, Shiva sects. E) Vedic/Hindu schools , Bhakti sects and Tantra Agamic schools 25. What does ahimsa mean? a) not to think b) non-violence c) non-activity d) liberation e) reincarnation 26. What things are common to all Hindus? a) belief in Tao, reincarnation, and moksha b) belief in shamanism, God’s power and moksha c) belief in Trama, reincarnation, sathya and moksha d) belief in Dharma , reincarnation , karma , and moksha e) belief in Vedic culture, narthy and love 27. Call fundamental principles of hinduism. a) ahimsa (non-violence), the primacy of the Guru , the Divine Word of Aum and the power of mantras , love of Truth b) ahimsa (non-violence), the primacy of theBuddha, the Divine Word of Brakhma and the power of will. e) spark of the Divine (Atman/Brahman), belief in shudra, love to the kshatry d) the primacy of the individual soul, the power of Guru and liberation f) ahimsa (non-violence), the primacy of theBuddha, belief in Shiva 28. What classical text is Confucianism based on? a) Taoist b) Buddhist c) chinese d) Moist e) indian 29. What was the mainstream ideology in China? a) Confucianism b) Tao Te Ching c) Zen-Buddhism d) Brahmanism e) jingoism 30 Call Taoism's central books? a) Vedas books b) Tao Te Ching , c) book of Taoism d) book of divine Tao e) Tao centrism 31. What does Taoism emphasize? a) divine nature, individual power, refusal of life b) physical freedom, refusal of ahimsa, power of will c) Nature, divine freedom, development of cosmo energy d) Nature, individual freedom, refusal of social bounds e) Nature, individual passion, power of the love 32. Call main principle of Taoism. a) moksha (“liberation”) b) ahimsa (“non – violence”) c) kharma d) reincarnation e) Wuwei ("non-action"). 33. What does Legalism advocate? a) strict interpretation of the law in every respect b) reincarnation of animal’s soul c) power of woman d) independence of idea from the matter e) power of Buddha 34. What religion claims that morality is not important? a) Confucianism b)Legalism c) Buddhism d) Taoism e) Islam 35. Choose the right sentence. a) Jainism was found by Buddha b) Buddhism was founded by Mahavira, c) Brahmanism was founded by Djuan-zy d) Taoism was founded by Mahavira, E) Machiavelli, D. Bruno 36. Choose the right sentence. a) Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha Gautama b) Buddhism was founded by Mahavira c) Buddhism was founded by Crishna d) Taoism was founded by Mahavira, e) Jainism was found by Buddha 37 Choose the right sentence. a) By Dukkha all worldly life is unsatisfactory, disjointed b) Buddhism was founded by Mahavira c) Buddhism was founded by Crishna d) By Dukkha our world consist of water e) By Dukkha all animal’s soul is unsatisfactory, disjointed 38. Where does the word Jaina come from? a) the title Jina, b) the title Jana c) the title Jani d) the title Jainasy e) the title Jagasy 39. Complete the sentence. Jainism teaches: a) freedom of spirit, self-liberation and self-examination - as the way to enlightenment. b) asceticism - acts of self-discipline, self-deprivation, and self-denial - as the way to enlightenment. c) scientism - acts of self-discipline, self-deprivation, and self-development - as the way to enlightenment. d) asceticism - acts of self-discipline, self-deprivation, and self-denial - as the way to enlighten e) development of divine culture, self-devastation, and self-denial - as the way to enlightenment. 40. Complete the sentence.Buddhism is: a) non-theistic religion, b) atomistic religion c) scientistic religion, d) ancient greek religion, e) monoteistic science 41.Choose the wrong sentence: a) most Buddhist sects believe in karma b) shinto is the indigenous religion of Japan c) Confucionism consist of Toaism divine book d) Buddhist soteriology is summed up in the Four Noble Truths e) Zen is a fusion of Mahayana Buddhism with Taoist principles 42. Choose the wrong sentence: a) Brahmanism is ancient religion of Korea b) shinto is the indigenous religion of Japan c) Buddhism is non-theistic religion, d) Legalism advocate strict interpretation of the law in every respect e) Confucianism was the mainstream ideology in China 43. Complete the sentence. Bodhidharma was a: a) legendary Indian monk who traveled to Russia in the 5th century b) semilegendary Indian monk who traveled to China in the 5th century. c) semilegendary Chinese monk who traveled to China in the 15th century d) semilegendary Indian monk who traveled to Egypt in the 12th century e) legendary Korean monk who traveled to China in the 5th century 44. Describe the Shinto religion. a) Shinto is the indigenous religion of India, a sophisticated form of Brahmanism that holds that spirits called kami inhabit all things. b) Shinto is the indigenous religion of Japan, a sophisticated form of animism that holds that spirits called kami inhabit all things. c) Shinto. is the indigenous religion of Japan, a sophisticated form of taoism that holds that spirits called kami inhabit all things. d) Shinto is the indigenous religion of Japan, a sophisticated form of confusionism that holds that spirits called kami inhabit all things. e) Shinto is the indigenous religion of Korea, a sophisticated form of maoism that holds that spirits called kami inhabit all spirit. 45. Where do Zen practitioners engage in? a) aum (self-deprivation) meditation b) gagen (just slipping) meditation. c) jajen(just standing) meditation. d) mantra - humor meditation e) zazen (just sitting) meditation. 46. Choose the right sentence. a) Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy focused on the role of death and theosopohy. b) Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. c) Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and meditation. d) Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and depression e) Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy focused on the development of will and technical skills. 47.. Complete the sentence. The history of philosophy in the West begins with: a) Swedish philosophy b) German philosophy c) Spanish philosophy d) Greek philosophy e) English philosophy 48. What did the pre-Socratic philosophers reject? a) heliocentrism b) cosmo centrism c) critical method of thinking d) mathematical model of the world 49. Complete the sentence. Early greek philosophers depended on reason and observation to…, a) discover true nature of the God’s soul b) illuminate the true nature of the world around them c) investigate energy of universe d) improve knowledge of language e) observe activity of the electron 50. Complete the sentence. Ancient greek philosophers used rational argument… a) to prove the existence of Brahma b) to advance their views to others c) to discover the origin of protons d) to retell the beauty of the dog e) to prove the existence of Jesus 51. Choose the wrong sentence. a) Heraclitus of Ephesus Heraclitus is an excellent example of the Pre-Socratic philosopher. b) Socrates , an Athenian philosopher, became one of the most important icons of the Western philosophical tradition. c) As it turns out, nearly all of the various cosmologies proposed by the early Greek philosophers are profoundly and demonstrably false, d) transcendental idealism – the philosophy of Plato and later Greek Idealist philosophers; e) Plato wrote several dozen philosophical dialogues 52. Choose the wrong sentence. a) Heraclitus of Ephesus Heraclitus is an excellent example of the Pre-Socratic philosopher. All of his existing fragments can be written in 45 small pages. b) Greek philosophy took their origin in the works of Augustus c) Classical (or "early") Greek philosophy focused on the role of reason and inquiry. d) Plato wrote several dozen philosophical dialogues—arguments in the form of conversations, usually with Socrates as a participant—and a few letters. e) Method the Greek philosophers followed in forming and transmitting their answers became just as important as the questions they asked. 53. Choose the wrong sentence. a) Philosophy is humanitarian discipline, it learns students to develop their thinking and speech. b) Socrates is a teacher of Plato c) Plato is a teacher of Socrates d) Heraclitus had a unique view of reality. e) Aristotle was one of Plato's students 54. What did Socrates make his most important contribution to Western thought through? a) his method of enquiry b) his mathematical method of thinking c) his method of fast answering d) his method of wrong arguments e) his method of strong discussion 55. What philosopher considered that change is the most important fact about the world? a) Augustus b) Heraclitus c) Erasmus d) Gerodot e) Aquinatus 56. What form did Plato write his philosophical dialogues—arguments in? a) in the form of conversations b) in the form of right answers c) in the form of right jests d) in the form of short essays e) in the form of long texts 57. Choose the right sentence. a) Shinto is the indigenous religion of Korea. b) Buddhism is a system of beliefs based on the teachings of Siddhartha Gautama , c) Heraclitus of Ephesus Heraclitus is an excellent example of the German philosopher. d) Socrates ,became one of the most important icons of the Chinese philosophical tradition. e) Socrates came from Aristotle as Socrates wrote everything down. 58. Why by Heraclitus the river where you set your foot just now is gone? a) because water has material origin b) because those waters giving way to this, now this. c) because water has divine origin d) because human foot consist of water e) because the human has divine origin. 59. Who set the stage for what would eventually develop into the scientific method centuries later in Europe. a) Augustus b) Aquinatus c) Lao-zi d) Aristotle e) Snina 60. Call the most famous pupil of Socrates? a) Augustus b) Ksenofan c) Aristotle d) Plato e) Parmenides 61. Call the most important works of Aristotle. a) Mathematics, Biology, Ethics, Universe b) (Diocletian) Ethics, Politics, De Anima (On the Soul), Music. c) Ethics, Economy, De Anima (On the Soul), Sculpture, Philosophy. d) Ethics, Politics, Transendental philosophy, Poetics, Thinkers. Physics, Metaphysics, (Nicomachean) Ethics, Politics, De Anima (On the Soul), Poetics, and many others. 62. Which of these philosophers are not idealist? a) Plato, I. Kant b) Aristotle, Democritus c) Fichter, Shelling d) Lao-zi, Buddha e) Hegel, Aquinatus 63. Which of them are belonged to the period of Medieval philosophy? a) Hegel, I. Kant b) Plato, Aristotel c) Jina, Buddha d) Augustus, Aquinatus e) Voltaire, Russo 64. Which of them are belonged to the period of German classical philosophy? a) Diderote, Russo b) Plato, Aristotle c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Augustus, Aquinatus e) Derrida, Shelling 65. Which of them are belonged to the period of Greek philosophy? a) Diderote, Russo b) Plato, Aristotle c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Augustus, Aquinatus e) Derrida, Shelling 66. Which of them are belonged to the period of Enlightenment’s philosophy ? a) Diderote, Russo b) Plato, Aristotle c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Augustus, Aquinatus e) Derrida, Shelling 67. Which of them are belonged to the period of Renaissance’s philosophy? a) Diderote, Russo b) Plato, Aristotle c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Augustus, Aquinatus E) Machiavelli, D. Bruno 68. Whom has “Critique of pure reason” written by? a) Russo b) Plato c) I. Kant, d) Aristotel e) Machiavelli 69. Whom have “ Metaphysics”, (Nicomachean) “Ethics”, written by? a) Russo b) Plato c) I. Kant, d) Aristotel e) Machiavelli 70. Which of them are belonged to Neoplatonic philosophy? a) Johannes Scotus Eriugena , Saint Anselm b) Russo, Voltaire c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Aristotel, Plato e) Machiavelli, Derrida 71. What period of philosophy are nominalism and realism belonged to? a) Enligtenment b) Ancient Greek c) Medieval d) Contemporary e) Renaissance 72. What period of philosophy is transcendentalism. belonged to? a) Enligtenment b) Ancient Greek c) Medieval d) German classical e) Renaissance 73. What philosophical school followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas? a) Thomism b) Atomism c) Aquinaism d) Totism e) Animism 74. What philosophical direction denotes a life which is characterised by refraining from worldly pleasures (austerity) ? a) thomism b) atomism c) animism d) criticism E) asceticism 75. –What philosophical notion states that the efforts of man to find meaning in the universe will ultimately fail because no such meaning exists (at least in relation to man)? a) thomism b) animism c) theocentrism d) absurdism e) scientism 76. What philosophical notion expreses a condition of being without theistic beliefs and absence of belief in the existence of gods? a) theism. b) atheism c) thomism b) animism e) theocentrism 77. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us? a) theocentrism b) thomism c) transcendental idealism d) theism. e) criticism 78. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter? a) nominalism b) rationalism idealism c)scientism d) existentialism E) materialism 79. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements? a) neotomism b) cosmism c) atomism d) elementism e) objectism 80. Call the philosophical notion according which any system of thought which denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance (not in the mathematical but in the popular sense)? a) accidentalism b) theism c) actionism d) modelism e) eregism 81. What philosophical direction denies the reality of the universe, seeing it as ultimately illusory, (the preffix "a-" in Greek meaning negation; like "un-" in English), and considers the infinite Unmanifest Absolute as real? a) theism b) acosmism c) elementism d) modelism e) eregism 82. What philosophical view considers tha truth values of certain claims — particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities — are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life? a) coherentism b) animism c) agnosticism d) materialism > Rakhmatulla Kuanysh: e) nominalism 83. Call the philosophical view according which everything is of an all-encompassing immanent God; or that the universe, or nature, and God are equivalent? a) agnosticism b) materialism c) coherentism d) pantheism e) thashism 84. Call the form of theism that holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. So the universe is part of god? a) panentheism b) pantheism c) thashism d) agnosticism e) idealism 85. What philosophical view also called Homocentrism, is the practice, conscious or otherwise, of regarding the existence and/or concerns of human beings as the central fact of the universe? a) humancentrism b) universalism c) existentialism d) humanism E) anthropocentrism 86. Call a form of personification (applying human or animal qualities to inanimate objects) and similar to prosopopoeia (adopting the persona of another person), which is the attribution of human characteristics and qualities to non-human beings, objects, or natural phenomena? a) phenomenalism b) criticism c) deism d) anthropomorphism e) universalism 87. What philosophical view claims that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God? a) deism b) atomism c) materialism d) modelism e) agnosticism 88. What philosophical doctrine claims that all human knowledge ultimately comes from the senses and from experience? a) deism b) universalism c) materialism d) empiricism e) abstractionism. 89. Call the belief in one or more gods or goddesses? a) theism b) atheism c) pancreatism d) etheism e) abstractionism. 90.What philosophical view contains belief in, or worship of, multiple gods or divinities? a) deism b) polytheism c) atheism d) atomism e) empiricism 91. Call the belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them? a) nominalism b) realism c) pantheism d) atheism e) pluralism 92. What metaphysical and theological viewconsiders that there is only one principle, essence, substance or energy in universe? a) atheism b) pantheism c) pluralism d) existentialism E) monism 93. What philosophical movement views human existence as having a set of underlying themes and characteristics, such as anxiety, dread, freedom, awareness of death, and consciousness of existing, that are primary? a) humanism b) existentialism c) homocentrism d) pluralism e) pantheism 94. What philosophical movement views the area of philosophy of the mind, and distinguishes a position where one believes there to be ultimately many kinds of substances in the world, as opposed to monism and dualism? a) Pluralism b) pantheism c) monotheism d) humanism e) deism 95. Call the philosophical position according which the only authentic knowledge is scientific knowledge. a) feminism b) empiricism c) positivism d) humanism e) sophism 96. What philosophical direction has been originated in the United States in the late 1800s. and has been characterized by the insistence on consequences, utility and practicality as vital components of meaning and truth? a)positivism b) humanism c) feminism d) pragmatism e) structuralism 97. How do you call the devotion to a single god while accepting the existence of other gods? a) scientism b) genotism c) vitalism d) naturalism E) henotheism 98. Call the school of philosophy taught by the academics (or schoolmen) of medieval universities circa 1100 - 1500. a) peripatetism b) aristorelism c) scholasticism d) Platonism e) atomism 99. How have the many various social and political movements, and a significant body of religious and secular literature which based upon the idea of paradise on earth been called? a) cosmocentrism b) utopianism c) peripatetism d) rationalism e) naturalism 100. Call the the doctrine according which "vital forces" are active in living organisms, where the life cannot be explained solely by mechanism. a) vitalism b) pragmayism c) poststructuralism d) deconstruction e) hermeneutics e) nominalism 101. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discretetraditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity. a) scientism b) discretism c) disparatism d) syncretism e) politism 102. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. a) atheistic atomism b) agnostic pluralism c) social existentialism d) agnostic atheism – e) pragmatism 103. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false. a) truth b) evil c) falsificationism d) empiriocriticism e) scientism 104. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs). a) foundationalism b) systematism c) structuralism d) monism e) vitalism 105. In medieval philosophy the belief that properties, usually called Universals, exist independently of the things that manifest them. a) rationalism b) atheism c) theism d) realism e) nominalism 106. The typology employed by political scientists to describe modernregimes in which the state regulates nearly every aspect of public and private behavior. a) democratism b) monarchy c) communism d) socialism E) totalitarianism 107. An epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition. a) vitalism b) verism c) verificationism – d) propositionism e) activism 108.The various mystical initiatory religions, sects and knowledge schools, which were most prominent in the first few centuries CE. a) gnosticism b) atheism c) monism d) pluralism e) theism 109. The philosophical view according which the meaning and value of human beliefs and behaviors have no absolute reference. a) realism b) relativism c) cognitivism d) dualism e) monism 110. Political theory which argues that one person should hold all power. a) political absurdism b) political power c) political democracy d) tneism E) political absolutism 111. Call the Enlightenment philosophers. a) Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire b) I. Kant, Hegel, Fichter c) Plato, Lenin, Aristotle d) Socrates, Pythagoras, Voltaire e) Derrida, Nitscher, Plato 112. Call the philosopher which is belonged to structuralism. a)Voltaire b) Lenin c) Nitscher d) Aristotle E) Ferdinand de Saussure 113. The famous I. Kant’s work. a) “The philosophical analyses” b) “The Metaphysics of Ethics” c) “The critics of Greek philosophy” d) “The philosophy of will” e) “The will of power” 114. What does Renaissance mean? a) strong philosophy b) dark age c) rebirth or recovery. d) light age e) enlightenment 115. The famous Kazakh philosopher. a) Shakarim. b) Ablay-khan c) Avicenna d) al-Gazaly e) al-Biruni 116. In philosophy a rigorous discipline dealing with such concepts as: object, state of affairs, property, genus, species, identity, unity, plurality, number, relation, connection, causation, series, part, whole, dependence, existence, magnitude, boundary, manifold, set, class, etc. a) atheism b) ontology c) feminism d) rationalism e) criticism 117. Complete the sentence. Renaissance has its origins… a)in Germany and is associated with the rebirth of Buddhist civilization b) in China and is associated with the rebirth of Indian and Greco-Roman civilization c) in Spain and is associated with the rebirth of Egypt civilization d) in Russia and is associated with the rebirth of French civilization e) in Italy and is associated with the rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization 118. What school of philosophy attempted to prove God's existence? Many medieval thinkers greatly influenced future philosophers and rationalists who What century did philosophy begin? a) atomist b) materialist c) rationalists d) communistic e) nominalistic 119. Call the Gilson’s book. a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages". b) Beauty and the evil c) Will of power d) Philosophy and metaphysic e) Democritus and epicures 120. Call the Thomas Aquinas’ book. a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages". b) "Metaphysical Themes in Thomas Aquinas" c) Philosophy and metaphysic d) Absolute spirit e) Will of power 121. What philosophers are belonged to medieval century? a) Voltaire, Russo b) Hegel, Kant c) Augustine, Ancelm d) Lao-zy, Buddha e) Diderote, Derrida 122. Complete the sentence. Middle Ages associated with: a) the rebirth of Buddhist civilization b) the rebirth of antiquity or Greco-Roman civilization c) the Black Death, economic, political and social crises and with “Dark Ages” d) rise of art, culture and science e) nature, music and development of technologies 123. What great changes from the fifteenth century took place affecting public and social spheres of Europe and then the rest of the world? a) the basis of the modern European civilization and capitalist system were founded. b) the basis of the Egypt civilization and communism system were founded. c) the basis of the Asian civilization and feudalistic system were founded. d) the basis of the modern European civilization and feudalistic system were founded. e) the basis of the modern American civilization and communistic system were founded. 124. Complete the sentence. Humanism was a form of … a) structuralism b) materialism based on the study of theism c) geography based on the study of Bible d) religion E) education and culture based on the study of classics. 125. Choose wrong statement. a) in Renaissance philosophy a change was expressed through an assimilation of Platonic philosophy into Christianity by means of translation and interpretation. b) social philosophy is characterized by what could be called a new anthropocentrism. c) Thomism – the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. d) I. Kant is an transcendental idealist E) atomism the theory that all the ideas in the universe are composed of very small, destructible words. 126. Choose wrong statement. a) Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel b) Thomism – the philosophical school that followed in the legacy of Thomas Aquinas. c) philosophy of science, branch of philosophy that emerged as an autonomous discipline in the 11th cent., especially through the work of Augustus, Ancelm, Plato and I. Kant d) structuralism is the theory that uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves. e) philosophy of science, branch of philosophy that emerged as an autonomous discipline in the 19th cent., especially through the work of Auguste Comte, J. S. Mill, and William Whewell 127. Choose wrong statement. a) accidentalism claims that any system of thought denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance b) Pragmatism originated in the United States in the late 1800s. c) Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel c) panentheism a form of theism that holds that god contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. d) Enlightenment philosophy is a period marked by significant changes. Montesquieu, J. J. Rousseau, Voltaire, Diderot are the representatives of Enlightenment. 128. Choose wrong statement. a) Chinese philosophy has its origin in France b) science draws conclusions about the way the world is and the way in which scientific theory relates to the world. c) scientism is a synonym of positivism, a common ideology in the 19th and 20th century which places its trust in scientific progressand only in scientific progress. d) deism – the view that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God. e) vitalism – the doctrine that "vital forces" are active in living organisms, so that life cannot be explained solely by mechanism. 129. Choose right statement. a) I. Kant is German materialist. b) Plato is Indian philosopher c) Hegel is an idealist d) Russo is German scientist e) Lenin is a teacher of I. Kant 130. Choose right statement. a) materialism is the view that reason, rather than revelation or tradition, should be the basis of belief in God. b) materialism – the philosophical view that the only thing that can truly be said to ' exist ' is matter ; c) materialism is form of idealism d) materialism is form of religion e) materialism is the doctrine that "vital forces" are active in living organisms. 131. Choose right statement. a) verificationism – an epistemic theory of truth based on the idea that the mind engages in a certain kind of activity: "verifying" a proposition. b)religion draws conclusions about the way the world is and the way in which scientific theory relates to the world. c) monism is the theory that uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves. d) monism – the metaphysical and theological view that there are million principles, essences, substances or energies. e) by helenism any system of thought denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance 132. The age of the Renaissance is: a) approximately from 1350 to 1550. b) from 1250 to 1850 c) approximately from 1550 to 1800 d) approximately from 1100 to 1300 e) from 1000 to 1800 133. Which of these philosophers championed deism.? a) Plato b) Derrida c) I. Kant d) Hegel E)Voltaire 134. Who considers that early Greek philosophers do have important things to tell us about the world? a) Abay b) Albert c) Democritus d) Heraclitus E) Epicures 135. Complete the sentence. The origins of the Enlightenment are closely associated with… a) England and its philosophers as I. Kant and Hegel b) Greece and its philosophers as Marx and Ancelm c) France and its philosophers such as Voltaire, Rousseau and others. d) Greece and its philosophers as Plato and Aristotle e) Spain and its philosophers as Augustus and Ancelm 136. Complete the sentence. Hegelianism – a philosophy developed by Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel which can be summed up by a favorite motto by Hegel… " a) The immanent is real b) The world made of air c) All worldly life is unsatisfactory, disjointed, containing suffering. d) The river where you set your foot just now is gone- those waters giving way to this, now this. e) The rational alone is real". 137. Complete the sentence. The Enlightenment has been fostered by the … a) remarkable thoughts of Indian philosophers b) remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. c)remarkable discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventh century. d) distinguished Chinese philosophers of discoveries of the Scientific Revolution of the seventeenth century. e) remarkable discoveries of the Glorious Revolution of the eighteenths century. 138. Complete the sentence. Reason – was the word used the most frequently during the… a) Modern period b) Renaissance c) Ancient Greek century d) Enlightenment e) Medieval period 139. Who made a great contribution to the Enlightenment with creation of the famous Encyclopedia (Classified Dictionary of Science, Arts and Trades)? a) Russo b) I. Kant c) Hegel d) Diderot, e) K. Marx 140. Complete the sentence.  The term "German Idealism" refers to a phase of intellectual life that had its origin in the … a) Enlightenment b) Modern period c) Antiquity d) Renaissance e) Russia philosophy 141. Whom the conceptual framework of German Idealism was provided by? a) Russo b) Deidre c) Linnets d) Immanuel Kant e) Marx 142. Who considered that phenomenal world, is produced a priori by the activity of consciousness? a) Plato b) Aristotle c) Marx d) Hegel E) I. Kant 143. Which of philosophers considered that phenomenal world takes its rise in the absolute, self-determined will of God? a) Marx b) Aristotle c) Schelling d) Democritus e) Feuerman 144. Who interpreted the process of development in a purely idealistic manner as the unconscious opposition of the Absolute to itself? a) Fichte b) Plato c) Democritus d) Socrates e) Lenin 145. In philosophy devotion to a single god with accepting the existence of other gods. a) atheism b) materialism c) atomism d) henotheism e) elementism 146.The Moslem holy book is: a) Bible b) Koran c) Vedas d) Taidus e) The book of change 147. What century of philosophy is determinated by the activities of Sören Kierkegaard, Karl Barth, Friedrich Nietzsche? a) Medieval period b) nineteenth century c) Ancient Greek d) Enlightenment e) Ancient East 148. Who professed himself to be “a follower of Dionysus, the god of life’s exuberance”, and declared that he hoped Dionysus would replace Jesus as the primary cultural standard for future millennia? a) I. Kant b) Abay c) Derrida d) Lenin E) Nietzsche 149. Who considered that we are all part of a vast single will which is the entire universe, and any sense of individuality is pure illusion? a) Aristotle b) Schopenhauer c) Abay d) Engels e) Marx 150. How do we call the idea that two or more moral values may be equally ultimate (true), yet in conflict? a) etimologism b) scientism c) value pluralism d) nominalism e) Hegelianism 151. Contemporaryphilosophy is represented by following schools: a) rationalism, nominalism, idealism b) existentialism, scientism, structuralism, pragmatism, positivism. c) materialism, theism, deism, seminarism, systemalism, voluntarism d) aristotelism, Platonism, atomism, dualism, monism. e) structuralism, deism, phofism, atheism, critcism 152. What philosophical theory uses culturally interconnected signs to reconstruct systems of relationships rather than studying isolated, material things in themselves? a) atheism b) structuralism, c) deism d) ethics e) aesthetics 153. Call the philosophers of modern period. a) R. Barthes, M. Foucault, J. Derrida b) Hegel, Kant, Fichter, c) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates d) Augustus, Anselm, Ibn-Cina e) Buddha, Lao-zy, Jina 154. Which of them is belonged to poststructuralism? a) Derrida b) Augustus c) Ancelm d) Ibn-Cina e) Plato 155. What philosophical direction refers to the ideology of science as the only legitimate truth and to a conception of social progress as necessary and brought forth by technological development? a) monism b) Platonism c) theism d) scientism e) atheism 156. Who has created the theory of deconstruction? a) Marx b) Derrida c) Russo d) Kant e) Bruno 157 Through the work of what philosophers is philosophy of science emerged as an autonomous discipline? a) Ibn-Cina, al-Faraby, al-Gazaly b) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates c) Bruno, Diderote, Russo d) Lenin, Marx, Engels 158. Call the Arabian philosophers. a) Ibn-Cina, al-Faraby, al-Gazaly b) Plato, Aristotle, Socrates c) Derrida, Marx, Kant d) al-Gazaly, Hegel, Russo e) Aristophanes, al-Gazaly, Abay. 159. Who was the second teacher after Aristotle? a) Augustus b) al-Gazaly c) al-Faraby d) Ibn-Cina e) Kant 160. Who was the first teacher of philosophy ? a) Aristotle b) Socrates c) Plato d) Aristophanes e) Pythagoras 161. Which of these philosophers was an idealist? a) Marx b) Engels c) Lenin d) Aristotle E) Plato 162. Which of these philosophers was a materialist? a) Plato b) Hegel c) Kant d) Marx e) Fichter 163. Which of these philosophers was a subjective idealist ? a) I. Kant b) J.J. Russo c) Plato d) Hegel e) Lenin 164. Which of these philosophers was a objective idealist ? a) Voltaire b) Marx c) Hegel d) Engels e) I. Kant. 165. Which of these Kazakh philosophers was the great scientist-historian, ethnographer, geographer, economist, traveller? a) Abay b) al-Farabi c) Yassavi d) Valihanov – e) Shakarim. 166. Who singled out three main tasks for metaphysics? a) Aristotle b) Socrates c) Plato d) Aristophanes e) Voltaire 167. How is a group of new ideas in literature, religion, culture, and philosophy that advocates that there is an ideal spiritual state is named? a) transcendentalism b) idealism c) materialism d) deism e) scientism 168. What philosophical notion claims that our experience is not about the things as they are in themselves, but about are the things as they appear to us? a) theocentrism b) thomism c) transcendental idealism d) theism. e) criticism 169. What philosophical view explains that the only thing that can truly be said to 'exist' is matter? a) nominalism b) rationalism idealism c)scientism d) existentialism E) materialism 170. Call the theory according which all the objects in the universe are composed of very small, indestructible elements? a) neotomism b) cosmism c) atomism d) elementism e) objectism 171. Call the philosophical notion according which any system of thought which denies the causal nexus and maintains that events succeed one another haphazardly or by chance (not in the mathematical but in the popular sense)? a) accidentalism b) theism c) actionism d) modelism e) eregism 172. What philosophical direction denies the reality of the universe, seeing it as ultimately illusory, (the preffix "a-" in Greek meaning negation; like "un-" in English), and considers the infinite Unmanifest Absolute as real? a) theism b) acosmism c) elementism d) modelism e) eregism 173. What philosophical view considers tha truth values of certain claims — particularly theological claims regarding the existence of God, gods, or deities — are unknown, inherently unknowable, or incoherent, and therefore, (some agnostics may go as far to say) irrelevant to life? a) coherentism b) animism c) agnosticism d) materialism e) nominalism 174. The attempt to reconcile disparate, even opposing, beliefs and to meld practices of various schools of thought. It is especially associated with the attempt to merge and analogize several originally discretetraditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity. a) scientism b) discretism c) disparatism d) syncretism e) politism 175. The philosophical notion that encompasses both atheism and agnosticism. a) atheistic atomism b) agnostic pluralism c) social existentialism d) agnostic atheism – e) pragmatism 176. The apparently paradoxical idea that a proposition or theory cannot be scientific if it does not admit the possibility of being shown false. a) truth b) evil c) falsificationism d) empiriocriticism e) scientism 177. Philosophical notion according which any justification or knowledge theory in epistemology holds beliefs are justified (known) when they are based on basic beliefs (also called foundational beliefs). a) foundationalism b) systematism c) structuralism d) monism e) vitalism 178. What school of philosophy attempted to prove God's existence? Many medieval thinkers greatly influenced future philosophers and rationalists who What century did philosophy begin? a) atomist b) materialist c) rationalists d) communistic e) nominalistic 179. Call the Gilson’s book. a) "Reason and Revelation in the Middle Ages". b) Beauty and the evil c) Will of power d) Philosophy and metaphysic e) Democritus and epicures 180. Which of them are belonged to Contemporary philosophy? a) Diderote, Russo b) Plato, Aristotle c) I. Kant, Hegel d) Derrida, Heidegger. e) Machiavelli, D. Bruno 181 verificationism – an epistemic theory of truth 182. monism – the metaphysical and theological view 183 Through the work of what philosophers is philosophy of science emerged as an autonomous discipline? Auguste Comte, J. S. Mill, and William Whewell