Neurological Conditions & Brain Parts PDF

# Neurological Conditions ## Types of Neurological Conditions 1. **Cerebral Palsy** - Neurological situation - Symptoms: Childish, delayed development - Causes: Bleeding in the brain, infection in pregnancy - Effects: Seizures, vision and hearing problems - Prevention: Vaccina...

# Neurological Conditions ## Types of Neurological Conditions 1. **Cerebral Palsy** - Neurological situation - Symptoms: Childish, delayed development - Causes: Bleeding in the brain, infection in pregnancy - Effects: Seizures, vision and hearing problems - Prevention: Vaccinate during pregnancy. 2. **Epilepsy & Tourette Syndrome** - **Epilepsy:** Abnormal electrical activity in the brain. - Causes: Genetic influence, head trauma, infection. - **Tourette:** Repetitive and involuntary movements (tics). 3. **Alzheimer Disease** - Brain condition - Symptoms: Declining memory, learning, memory problems, change in language - Causes: Age, lifestyle, genetics, environment - Stages: - Mild Symptoms - Moderate Stage - Severe Stage - Prevention: Eat healthily, physically, socially, and mentally active. 4. **Bell's Palsy** - Acute peripheral facial palsy. - Symptoms: Sudden weakness in the muscles, swelling and irritation of nerves, weakness to total paralysis on one side of the face. - Cause: Virus ## Parts of the Brain ### Parts of the Brain - Frontal Lobe - Parietal Lobe - Occipital Lobe - Temporal Lobe - Cerebellum - Brain Stem - Spinal Cord ### Brain Structures - **Precentral gyrus:** Body - **Central sulcus** - **Postcentral gyrus:** - **Central sulcus:** - **Lunate sulcus:** - **Superior frontal longitudinal fissure:** - **Superior frontal sulcus:** - **Precentral gyrus:** - **Central sulcus:** - **Postcentral gyrus.** - **Postcentral sulcus:** - **Lunate sulcus:** ## Nervous System and its Divisions ### Brain Facts - Always active even when sleeping - Intelligence determined by the number of connections - Only uses 10% of the brain ### General Functions of the Nervous System - Receiving sensory input - Integrating information (e.g., brain tells color) - Controlling muscles and glands - Maintaining homeostasis (temperature) - Serving as the center of mental activity ### Major Divisions - **Central Nervous System** - Main processing center - **Spinal cord:** Controls simple musculoskeletal reflex - **Peripheral Nervous System** - Organs and limbs - **Somatic nervous system:** Voluntary control - **Automatic nervous system:** Involuntary control - **Sympathetic:** Fight or flight response - **Parasympathetic:** Rest/digest response ### Cranial Nerves - Carry information into/out of the brain ### How to Boost Your Brain Power - Get a fast start with breakfast - Exercise your muscles and strengthen your brain - Teach that old dog some new tricks ## Diseases 1. **Motor Neuron Disease (MND)** - Affects brain and nerves over time and worsens. - Causes: Weakens the muscles - Issues with protein - Difficulty speaking 2. **Parkinson's disease** - Brain condition, causes problems with movement (health issues) - Causes: Loss of cells in the brain, dopamine - Effects: Changes speech, slow movement, dementia, fatigue, mental condition - Prevention: Exercise