CNS Terms 2024 PDF

CNS Terms DR JARED NII OBLITEY CONSULTANT RADIOLOGIST/ SNR LECTURER UG – KORLE BU  Main parts Brain Cerebrum – Largest portion of brain. Ventricles – Spaces within cerebrum that contain Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebellum – (Hindbrain) Located under posterior...

CNS Terms DR JARED NII OBLITEY CONSULTANT RADIOLOGIST/ SNR LECTURER UG – KORLE BU  Main parts Brain Cerebrum – Largest portion of brain. Ventricles – Spaces within cerebrum that contain Cerebrospinal fluid Cerebellum – (Hindbrain) Located under posterior portion of cerebrum. Responsible for coordination and balance Cerebral Thrombosis or Embolism  CNS Simplified Central and Peripheral Nervous systems  Neural Foramen and Spina Bifida  Brainstem – stemlike portion of brain which connects brain and spinal cord Pons – Literally means bridge. Connects Cerebrum with Cerebellum and brainstem  Medulla Oblongata – located between Pons and spinal cord. Contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, muscles in blood vessels. Spinal cord – passes through vertebral canal to level of second lumbar vertebra Meninges – three layers of membrane that cover brain and spinal cord Dura – Outer meninges Arachnoid – Delicate middle meninges Pia - Thin inner layer of meninges Nerve Ganglion – group of nerve cells outside the CNS  Combining forms Cerebell/o - Cerebellum Cerebr/o - Cerebrum Dur/o - Dura Encephal/o - Brain Gangli/o, Ganglion/o – Ganglion  Mening/i, Meningi/o - Meninges Myel/o – Spinal Cord Neur/o – nerve Radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o – nerve root Esthesi/o – sensation, sensitivity, feeling  Mon/o – one Phas/o – speech Poli/o – grey matter Psych/o, ment/o, phren/o – mind Quadr/i - four  Prefixes Hemi- half Pre- Before Tetra - four  Suffices -iatry - Treatment, Specialty - ictal - seizure, attack -paresis - Slight Paralysis - plegia – Paralysis  Procedural Terms Computed Tomography of the Brain A procedure that uses X-rays and Computers to generate series of images of brain at any desired level. Procedure is non – invasive and painless.  Why do some say CAT scan? Is it same as CT?  Magnetic Resonance Imaging A procedure that uses magnetic waves to produce multiplaner images. Does not involve the use of ionising radiation.  Positron Emission Tomography Procedure which gives information about brain function. Patient is injected with a radioactive material and gamma cameras used to record the radioactive decay. Information is transmitted unto television monitors. POSITRON EMMISSION TOMOGRAPHY  Procedures Lumbar puncture Insertion of needle into subarachnoid space between L3 and L4. Procedure may be done for the purpose of sampling cerebrospinal fluid or to inject radiological contrast medium (Myelography). LP  CNS TERMS Cerebellitis – Inflammation of Cerebellum Cerebral Thrombosis – Abnormal condition of clot in cerebrum Duritis – Inflammation of the dura mater Encephalitis – Inflammation of the brain  Encephalomalacia – Softening of the brain Encephalomyeloradiculitis – Inflammation of the brain, spinal cord and nerve roots Gangliitis – Inflammation of the ganglion  Meningocoele – Protrusion of the meninges through a skull or vertebral defect Meningomyelocoele – Protrusion of meninges and cord through the vertebral column  BELLS PALSY Named after Sir Charles Bell. It’s a paralysis of Muscles on one side of face. Usually temporary. Mouth may sag on affected side  Neurasthenia – Nerve weakness Rhizomeningomyelitis – Inflammation of the nerve root, meninges and spinal cord  Further reading for IA Alzheimers Disease Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Cerebral Palsy Cerebrovascular accident Epilepsy Hydrocephalus Multiple sclerosis  Further Reading Neurosis Parkinsons disease Reyes Syndrome Sciatica Shingles Transient ischaemic attack  Thank you