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# 7G The Particle Model ## 1. Solids, Liquids and Gases | States of Matter | Description | |---|---| | Solid | The three forms that a substance can be in; solid, liquid or gas. Do not flow. | | Liquid | No fixed shape, fixed volume, cannot be compressed. Can flow | | Gas | No fixed shape, no fixe...

# 7G The Particle Model ## 1. Solids, Liquids and Gases | States of Matter | Description | |---|---| | Solid | The three forms that a substance can be in; solid, liquid or gas. Do not flow. | | Liquid | No fixed shape, fixed volume, cannot be compressed. Can flow | | Gas | No fixed shape, no fixed volume, can be compressed. Can flow | ### Solid Properties | Property | Description | |---|---| | Do not flow | | | Fixed shape | | | Fixed volume | | | Cannot be compressed | | | Can Flow | | ### Liquid Properties | Property | Description | |---|---| | No fixed shape | | | Fixed volume | | | Cannot be compressed | | | Can flow | | ### Gas Properties | Property | Description | |---|---| | No fixed shape | | | No fixed volume | | | Can be compressed | | | Can flow | | ### Flow | Description | |---| | To move and change shape smoothly. | ### Volume | Description | |---| | The amount of room something takes up. Measured in cubic centimeters (cm³).| ### Compressed | Description | |---| | Squashed into a smaller volume. | ### Pressure | Description | |---| | The amount of force pushing on a certain area.| ## 2. Particles ### Particle Theory | Description | |---| | A theory used to explain the different properties and observations of solids, liquids, and gases. | ### Particles | Description | |---| | Tiny pieces of matter that everything is made out of. | ### Forces | Description | |---| | Tiny forces of attraction that hold the particles together. | ### Solid Particle Properties | Description | |---|---| | Fixed arrangement of particles held closely together that cannot move over each other but vibrate.| ## 3. Brownian Motion | Description | |---|---| | An erratic movement of small specks of matter caused by being hit by the moving particles that make up liquids or gases. | ## Trace | Description | |---|---| | Used to plot the movement of a particle and used as evidence for Brownian motion. | ## Molecule | Description | |---| | Two or more atoms joined together in a group. | ## 4. Diffusion | Description | |---|---| | The movement of particles spreading out and mixing with each other without anything moving them. Occurs quickly in gases because they are able to move freely in all directions. | ### Particle Theory and Diffusion | Description | |---|---| | Diffusion is slower in liquids because the particles are still moving but not as freely as in a gas. Diffusion cannot occur in solids because the particles are in a fixed position. | ### Small Intestine | Description | |---| | Diffusion of particles of essential substances in our food pass through the wall of the small intestine. | ## 5. Air Pressure ### Nanometre | Description | |---| | A unit of measurement. 1 nanometre (nm) is 0.000 000 001 metres (m). | | Description | |---|---| | The force on a certain area caused by air molecules hitting it. | ### High Air Pressure | Description | | Makes sure tyres are inflated. Can also affect the weather making it dry and settled.| ### Vacuum | Description | |---| | A completely empty space containing no particles (not even air). | ### Straws | Description | |---| | Straws work because when you suck, you reduce the pressure inside the straw so the air pressure outside the straw is greater and the liquid is pushed up. |