Q2.docx

**LITERATURE REVIEW** **What is Literature Review?** A Literature Review is a systematic and comprehensive analysis of books, scholarly articles, and other sources relevant to a specific topic providing a base of knowledge on a topic. Literature reviews are designed to** identify** and **critique*...

**LITERATURE REVIEW** **What is Literature Review?** A Literature Review is a systematic and comprehensive analysis of books, scholarly articles, and other sources relevant to a specific topic providing a base of knowledge on a topic. Literature reviews are designed to** identify** and **critique** the existing literature on a topic to justify your research by **exposing gaps** in current research. **The purpose of a literature review is to**: a. Provide a foundation of knowledge on a topic b. Identify areas of prior scholarship to prevent duplication and give credit to other researchers c. Identify inconstancies: gaps in research, conflicts in previous studies, open questions left from other research d. Identify the need for additional research (justifying your research) e. Identify the relationship of works in the context of their contribution to the topic and other works f. Place your own research within the context of existing literature, making a case for why further study is needed. **Process of Writing Literature Review** The process of writing a literature review is not necessarily a linear process, you will often have to loop back and refine your topic, try new searches and altar your plans. The info graphic on the right side illustrates this process.  It also reminds you to continually keep track of your research by citing sources and creating a bibliography. 1. **Topic **- Decide on a research topic or question. The formulation of a thesis will help get your process started. This may have to be revisited as you work on your research. - Know what the review is for; each assignment will offer the purpose for the review.  For example, is it for "background", or a "pro and con discussion", \"integration\", "summarizing", etc. - Create a "search plan", decide where you will search for information, what type of information you will need. 2. **Research**  - Preform Searches; choose sources and collect information to use in your paper. Make sure you cite the sources used. 3. **Think** - Analyze information in a systematic manner and begin your literature review (e.g., summarize, synthesize, etc.). Make sure you cite the sources used. 4. **Complete** - Write your paper, proof & revise and create your finished bibliography. **Types Of Literature Review** **Chronological** In the ***chronological approach***, literature and studies are presented according to the year when they were written. When using this approach, the review can be presented following the outline below. **Thematic Or Variable** In the ***thematic or variable approach**,* literature and studies with the same findings or themes are grouped together. When using this approach, research and conceptual literature can be presented following the outline below. ***Country Of Origin*** In the ***country of origin approach**,* literature and studies are categorized by the country where they came from. In most colleges and universities in the Philippines, this scheme is popularly used. When using this model, literature and studies can be presented based on the following outline. **Historical Review** Few things rest in isolation from historical precedent. Historical reviews are focused on examining research throughout a period of time, often starting with the first time an issue, concept, theory, phenomenon emerged in the literature, then tracing its evolution within the scholarship of a discipline. The purpose is to place research in a historical context to show familiarity with state-of-the-art developments and to identify the likely directions for future research. **Methodological Review** A review does not always focus on **what** someone said \[content\], but **how** they said it \[method of analysis\]. This approach provides a framework of understanding at different levels (i.e. those of theory, substantive fields, research approaches, and data collection and analysis techniques), enables researchers to draw on a wide variety of knowledge ranging from the conceptual level to practical documents for use in fieldwork in the areas of ontological and epistemological consideration, quantitative and qualitative integration, sampling, interviewing, data collection and data analysis, and helps highlight many ethical issues which we should be aware of and consider as we go through our study. **Theoretical Review** The purpose of this form is to concretely examine the corpus of theory that has accumulated in regard to an issue, concept, theory, phenomenon. The theoretical literature review help establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested. Often this form is used to help establish a lack of appropriate theories or reveal that current theories are inadequate for explaining new or emerging research problems. The unit of analysis can focus on a theoretical concept or a whole theory or framework. Note: Whether the approach is chronological, thematic or country of origin, an introduction and a synthesis are needed. It is in the Introduction, where you have to make your reader aware of how you are going to present the reviewed literature and studies. On the other hand, it is in the synthesis of the review where you have to stress the uniqueness of your study concerning the literature and studies you include in the review.