Environmental Science Exam 2024 PDF

# Environmental Science Exam ## Program: All 4th year students **All programs** **Subject: Environmental Science** **No. of pages: 6** **Time allowed: Two hours** **Total marks: 45** **Date: 23/1/2024** ## I- Multiple Choice Questions **Choose ONE answer for each of the following** 1. The...

# Environmental Science Exam ## Program: All 4th year students **All programs** **Subject: Environmental Science** **No. of pages: 6** **Time allowed: Two hours** **Total marks: 45** **Date: 23/1/2024** ## I- Multiple Choice Questions **Choose ONE answer for each of the following** 1. The two major atmospheric gases that cause acid rains are: * Nitrogen & sulfur oxides * Nitrogen and hydrogen * Hydrogen and CO2 * Oxygen and nitrogen 2. Group of species with different trophic levels & different taxonomical rank is * Individuals * Community * Ecosystem * Biosphere 3. Which factor is the primary control of productivity in aquatic ecosystems? * Temperature * Precipitation * Light * Salinity 4. Proportion of individuals of species i in ecosystem refer as: * Relative abundance * Diversity * Richness * Structure 5. The species which create or modify habitats and influence interactions among other species is: * Dominant * Abundant * Keystone * Daggered 6. The descriptive diagram representing the flow of energy from the consumed to the consumer is: * Exponential curve * Macroconsumer * Top predator * Food web 7. The organism feed on intermediate and sometimes basal species but are not eaten is: * Top predator * Producer * Microconsumer * Macroconsumer 8. The Basic Unit of Ecology is: * Individual * Species * Population * Community 9. Common structure of biogeochemical cycles: * Internal cycling * Input, output, internal cycling * Input, internal cycling * Output, internal cycling 10. A more meaningful measure of community structure is: * Species richness * Density of spp * Relative abundance * Species evenness 11. Most light energy transformed into heat energy in biosphere which controls the: * Photosynthesis * Water currents only * Wind currents * Wind and water currents 12. Energy Fixed in the Process of Photosynthesis is: * Kinetic energy * Potential energy * Oxidation energy * Secondary productivity 13. The ................. is the highest level of organization in ecological system. * Biomes * Biosphere * Ecosystem * Community 14. It seeks to ensuring environmental sustainability of the oceans and coastal areas. * Green economy * Sustainability * Biodiversity * Blue economy 15. The environmental problems represented graphically by: * Food chain * Normal curve * Planetary boundaries * Eco-pyramids 16. The amount of pressure that humans put on the natural resources available to them in their surroundings refer to: * Blue economy * Niche * Eco pyramids * Eco foot print 17. The average of net radiation of Earth= * <1 * Zero * >1 * 1 one 18. The strategies tend to focus on the sectors of energy, transport, agriculture and forestry. * Green economy * Sustainability * Biodiversity * Blue economy 19. Greenhouse's gases absorb ................. radiation, help to keep the surface of the Earth warm * Short wave * Long wave * Visible light * Red wave 20. The Earth's axis has a tilt or slop of: * Zero° * 25.5° * 23.5° * 20.5° 21. When the Earth is facing the sun (its axis is parallel), the sun is directly overhead at the: * Equator * Tropic of Cancer * Tropic of Capricorn * North Pole 22. The regions at the ................. show very little seasonal variation in temperature. * North hemisphere * South pole * Equator * North pole 23. When solar radiation falls directly on the Tropic of Capricorn, increase radiation input and day length in: * Tropic of cancer * Equator * North * Southern 24. If Earth was not tilted on its axis, the length of day and night around the world would be the same during: * Summer * Autumnal equinox * Winter * Vernal equinox 25. The space in which life exists or life can exist is * Atmosphere * Troposphere * Biosphere * Lithosphere 26. The ozone layer found in: * Magnetosphere * Mesosphere * Stratosphere * Troposphere 27. Sources of water pollution include: * Municipal Waste Water * Industrial Wastes * Agricultural Wastes * All 28. The amount of the oxygen that can be dissolved in water depend on: * Atmospheric pressure * Water temperature * Water is salt or not * All of them 29. ................. is the branch of pharmacology that deals with the nature, effects and treatments of poisons or toxic chemicals present in the environment. * Toxicology * Biology * Physiology * Embryology 30. All of them Eichornia crassipes is a: * Free floating * Free-sinking * Free-drowning * Non 31. Intensity of Noise or sound is measured on a scale: * AQI * By decibel * Roentgen * Curie and becquerel 32. ................. pollution is the modification of the natural characteristics of the atmosphere by a chemical, particulate matter, or biological agent. * Soil * Water * Air * Physical 33. The causes of fish mortality: * Toxins * Oxygen depletion * Biological decay * All 34. ................. is a particular toxin compound that has been used to poach fishes. * Cyanide * Chlorine * Lime * All 35. ................. it is about 30km in thickness and is very important zone of atmosphere as it contains the vital ozone layer * Stratosphere * Troposphere * Ionosphere * Thermosphere 36. The major source of water pollution is caused by? * Agricultural wastes * Industrial waste * Organic Pollutants. * Marine Pollution 37. ................. is characterized as the region of planet where organisms live. * Biosphere * Atmosphere * Hydrosphere * Non 38. Excess of ................. consumed through contaminated water causes disease of bones and teeth. * Calcium * Iron * Flouride * Nitrate 39. All biotic factors or living forms like plants, animals and micro-organisms called ................. environment. * Physical * Biological * Social * Micro 40. Dry air consists of approximately ................. Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% Argon and other inert gases. * 75% * 88% * 78% * 21% 41. Green day: * 4th May * 5th December * 5th June * 5th Jan 42. ................. agents refers to the pathogens or disease causing organisms present in the environment * Chemical * Physical * Biological * Radiations 43. Excess consumption of ................. causes blue baby syndrome. * Calcium * Iron * Flouride * Nitrate 44. Using natural predators to control water hyacinth falls under: * Biological control * Mechanical removal * Community engagement. * Research and innovation 45. A disease called ‘............ disease' caused deaths and permanent paralysis of hundreds of people in Japan due to consumption of Methyl Mercury through fish. * Blue baby * Minamata * Diabetes * Cardiovascular 46. Lake ................. it is consider the main reservoir for agriculture drainage water in fayoum * Al- Manzala * By Qarun. * Naser * Both a&c 47. Common causes of disturbance in ecological balance of nature include: * Introduction of new species * Sudden death of some species * Natural hazards * All 48. Chemical control methods for water hyacinth involve: * Regular mechanical removal. * Natural predators. * Application of herbicides. * Raising awareness among local communities 49. ................. is an unwanted sound that causes discomfort and psychological irritation to individuals. * Air * Biology * Noise * Embryology 50. ................. Blue-green algae release toxic elements leading to: * Skin damage * Liver damage * Nervous system disturbance * All 51. Detection of Biological Contamination depends to a great extent on other fields as: * Food Safety and Healthy * Quality assurance and control * Both a & b * None of the above ## Choose (a) for true statements and (b) for false statements 52. Precipitation is higher in tropical than in temperate and polar regions ✓ 53. Albedo describes the absorptivity of a surface. 54. Basal species is autotrophs that do not feed other species but are fed on by other species. ✓ 55. The blue economy including established traditional ocean industries such as fisheries, tourism, and maritime transport. ✓ 56. Vegetation is usually denser and more vigorous on the windward side of mountains than on the leeward side. ✓ 57. Omnivorous feed on intermediate species only in food web. X 58. With increasing altitude air density decreases. ✓ 59. All carnivorous are eaten by no other species within the food web. X 60. Ecological processes must obey physicals laws. ✓ 61. Sustainability not includes pollutants, groundwater levels and salinity. X 62. Parasites increase their fitness by draw resources from the host. ✓ 63. One of the highest levels of per capita greenhouse gas emissions, one of the lowest ecological footprints. ✓ 64. Climate occurs at a specific limited place within short time. X 65. Ecological sustainability sometimes includes human health. ✓ 66. Shading by vegetation can reduce the range of temperature variation by 7 to 12°C. X 67. Abundance alone is always a sufficient measure of dominance. X 68. The removal of a keystone species leads to changes in community structure. ✓ 69. Stratification of vegetation is vertical layers that are often distinct. ✓ 70. Shorter solar radiation wavelength = lower energy ✓ 71. Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual decrease in the average temperature of the Earth's atmosphere and its oceans. X 72. Biodiversity is just what it sounds like biological variety ✓ 73. The lower most region of atmosphere which is in contact with earth's surface is called troposphere. ✓ 74. Herbicides treatment requires environmental considerations ✓ 75. Microorganisms can attack our food causing chemical contamination. ✓ 76. Environmental pollution leads to loss of biodiversity. X 77. The presence of water hyacinth increased economic activities such as fishing, agriculture and transportation. ✓ 78. Hydrosphere refers to the total mass of water on the earth that includes water surface of the planet, underground, and in the air. ✓ 79. The water hyacinth block sunlight and reduce oxygen levels in water and this leading to balances in ecosystem ✓ 80. Damage caused by different types of radiations depends on the penetration power and the presence of the source inside or outside the body. X 81. Bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms cause infectious diseases in humans and other animals. ✓ 82. The innermost layer is called as crust whereas middle region is named as mantle and the outermost part of the earth is known as core. ✓ 83. The study which covers different aspects of environment is known as environmental science. ✓ 84. Sedimentary Rocks are formed as a result of metamorphosis of igneous and sedimentary rocks under high pressure and extreme heat. ✓ 85. Soil is the most important feature of lithosphere from life's point of view and provides substratum to most of the life forms on the earth. ✓ 86. The frozen part of the hydrosphere is also known as the cryosphere. ✓ 87. Environmental Science involves biology, geology, chemistry, physics and computers to study and deal with environmental issues that directly relate to mankind. ✓ 88. Aquatic environment where air is the dominant environmental factor. ✓ 89. Genetic damage is caused by radiations, which induce mutations in the DNA, thereby affecting genes and chromosomes ✓ 90. Adaption to the biosphere's climate is expected for non-Living organism. ✓ ## انتهت الاسئلة **نرجو لكم التوفيق** **ا.د/ عبد الكريم محمد** **د/ سامح علي امين**