Triangular Trade & Exploration (PDF)

# Triangular Trade - 1518-1800 - Marked slaves to work on plantations in South America, North America, and the Caribbean. ## Outward Passage: - Ships left Europe with guns, tools, textiles, and manufactured goods. - Crews with guns went ashore to capture and procure slaves. - Slaves were gotten...

# Triangular Trade - 1518-1800 - Marked slaves to work on plantations in South America, North America, and the Caribbean. ## Outward Passage: - Ships left Europe with guns, tools, textiles, and manufactured goods. - Crews with guns went ashore to capture and procure slaves. - Slaves were gotten by: - Kidnapping - Trading - People in debt - Criminals - Prisoners - Tributes (gifts) ## Homeward Passage - Africans sold at auctions to America. - Money from the sales would buy cotton, spices, rum, chocolate, or tobacco. - Went back to Europe and converted raw materials into finished products. ## Middle Passage - Voyage from Africa to America. - Ships sailed across the Atlantic Ocean. - 6-12 week journey with 10 million slaves taken. - Slaves refused to eat, tried to jump off ship, and rebelled. **Loose Packing**: Less slaves were taken to prevent sickness and death. **Tight Packing**: Captains took as many slaves as they could, but many died on their voyage. # Exploration and Expansion: The Atlantic Slave Trade ## Reasons for It: - High demand for labor. - Indentured servants cost too much. - European diseases killed most of the Native American workers. ## Slave Trade Statistics: - 6-10 week long journey - 20-30% of Africans died on voyage (2 million) - Over 10 million slaves were taken between 1500-1800 ## Auctions: - At docks, families were broken into auctions. - Males (age 18-25 were expensive). - Woman were also prized because they could reproduce and add to their master's wealth. ## The Worked In: - Plantations - Mines - Towns - Countryside Woman were usually cooks or servants and reproduced. # Columbian Exchange 90% of the Americas died from disease due to the exchange. ## Old World: - Rice - Olives - Wheat - Coffee - Sugar - Cow - Sheep - Chickens - Bananas - Yellow fever - Malaria - Smallpox - Onions - Melons - Honey - Grapes - Barley - Pigs - Cattle - Goats - Daisies - Flu ## New World: - Avocados - Beans - Peanuts - Potatoes - Corn - Chocolate - Pineapple - Guavas - Pumpkins - Squash - Vanilla - Tobacco - Alpacas - Guinea pigs - Hepatitis - Tuberculosis # Age of Exploration: MOTIVES: - Primary Motive: **Gold** (wealth) - **Glory** (fame) - **God** (Spreading Christianity) - If you complete and survive you have glory. ## Inventions: ### Caravel: - Sturdy ship, Portuguese invention, - Only needs 1/8 of water to sail, closer to beach and sail on rivers. ### Sextant: - Maps showing ocean currents, use stars also. ### Astrolobe: - Invented in 1530s - Use stars to get the latitude # Vikings: - 1st Europeans to sail across the Atlantic Ocean. - Landed in Newfoundland/Canada. - They didn't claim land, so they were forgotten. - They were from current-day Scandinavia. # Treaty of Tordesillas - Spain and Portugal argue about land. - The Pope draws an imaginary line (line of demarcation). ## Portugal ## Spain - Portugal got less land because they were on Asia's side and were able to invade their territory as well. # Ponce de Leon - Spanish explorer. - Landed in current-day Florida and Puerto Rico. - Claimed it for Spain. # Hernan Cortez - Landed in current-day Mexico. - Led a large Spanish group. - Fought Aztecs and claimed land for Spain # Vasquez Coronado - Spanish explorer. - Traveled to the Netherlands and discovered the Grand Canyon (1st to see). - Present day Texas - Searched for the 7 cities of gold. # Henry Hudson - Englishman who sailed for the Dutch. - Claimed Hudson Bay River. # Hernan Cortez - Led a large Spanish group. - Conquered. # Christopher Columbus - Born in Italy. - Spanish explorer. - Made a shortcut to spice Island but ends up in the Bahamas and dosen't even realize. # John Cabot - Made three voyages. - Claimed England. # Amerigo Vespucci - Wrote a book about travels. - Made a map different than Marco Polo. - Discovered America and named it after Americano. # Vasco Ninez Balboa - Spanish explorer. - Discovered new land and goes on a mountain and sees a whole other ocean. - 1st American to see the Pacific Ocean. # Jacques Carter - French exlporer. - 3 voyages to Canada. - France took land and named it Canada after Carter. # Francisco Pizarro - Led a Spanish group in the Inca empire in South America. # Robert de La Salle - Discovered Great Lakes. - Claimed the Luis river and named it after the king of France. - Sailed for France. - Mississippi River. # Prince Henry - Made a navigation school to teach sailing in 1419. - Began sailing West Africa. # Barthalameule Diaz - Prince Henry Student. - Makes it to the far end of Africa. - Names it Cape of Storms. - 1st European to sail to African West Coast (Southern tip). - King said to rename it (Cape of Good Hope). # Vasco de Gama - From Portugal. - Sailed to India. - 2 Years. - Mapped out East Coast. - Tried to go to spice Island but accidentally bumps into India. # Fernand Magellon - Circumnavigate. - Died on the ship, but he gets credited. - 3 years (most men starve to death) # Pedro Cabral - Caught in a storm. - Bumps into Brazil and claims it. # Alfonso de Albuquerque - 1st European to actually makes it to the Spice Islands. REBELLION: - Slave owners didn't teach their slaves how to read or the Bible because that could lead to rebellion and reading the Bible. ## Harsh Punishments for minor offenses - Rebellion normally failed. - Run away! - Attack slave holders' families. - Destroy Tools and farm equipment. - Turned to religion. ## Effects of the Slave Trade: - African warfare increased. - Atlantic Slave Trade continues for 300 years. - 10-15 million slaves shipped to America. - Slave labor helped build economies of America - African Diaspora.