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# 1st Semester - 1st Year Nursing_Anatomy and Physiology ## Body Planes and Sections - **Sagittal Plane:** Divides the body into right and left parts. - **Frontal (Coronal) Plane:** Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. - **Transverse Plane:** Divides the body into super...

# 1st Semester - 1st Year Nursing_Anatomy and Physiology ## Body Planes and Sections - **Sagittal Plane:** Divides the body into right and left parts. - **Frontal (Coronal) Plane:** Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. - **Transverse Plane:** Divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts. ## Body Cavities - **Dorsal Body Cavities** located along the back (posterior) side of the body. It is divided into two main sub-cavities: - **Cranial Cavity:** This is the space inside the skull that houses the brain. It provides protection to the brain, encased by the cranial bones. - **Spinal (or Vertebral) Cavity:** This cavity runs down the back and contains the spinal cord. It is formed by the vertebral column (spine), protecting the spinal cord from injury. - **Ventral Body Cavity** The ventral body cavity is located along the front (anterior) side of the body and is much larger than the dorsal cavity. It is subdivided into: - **Thoracic Cavity:** This cavity is located above the diaphragm and houses the heart and lungs. It is further divided into: - **Pleural Cavities:** Two cavities surrounding each lung. - **Mediastinum:** A central region that includes the heart, esophagus, trachea, and major blood vessels. The heart is specifically enclosed within the pericardial cavity. - **Abdominopelvic Cavity:** Located below the diaphragm, this cavity is further divided into: - **Abdominal Cavity:** Contains digestive organs like the stomach, liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, and most of the large intestine. - **Pelvic Cavity:** Houses the urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum. It is positioned below the abdominal cavity. ## Abdominopelvic Quadrants - **Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ):** Includes the liver, gallbladder, part of the stomach, and part of the small and large intestines. - **Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ):** Contains the stomach, spleen, pancreas, and part of the liver and intestines. - **Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ):** Houses the appendix, part of the small intestine, right ovary (in females), and right ureter. - **Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ):** Contains parts of the small intestine, left ovary (in females), and left ureter.