PMP Final Exam No. 2 PDF

PMP Final Exam No.2_ Time:230 Minuit's _ Score Pass:85% Ques on 1 Your organization's PMO is periodically asking for project artifacts from all projects and checking whether corporate standards of project management are being adhered to or not. They are also supportive in providing templates and guidelines related to project management when asked. Which type of PMO are we referring to here? Answer A. Directing PMO B. Governing PMO C. Controlling PMO D. Supporting PMO Correct answer C Feedback Explanation: Explanation: Though the PMO is assisting with templates and guidelines like a supportive PMO, they are playing the bigger role of a controlling PMO here. Ques on 2 A project manager is performing the scrum master role for a project team of developers. At the daily standup, a couple of developers complain about the noise from a neighboring team, the performance of their laptops, and the difficulty in booking meeting rooms. What should the project manager do? Answer A. Note the impediments and escalate them to the product owner. B. Acknowledge the impediments and facilitate their resolutions. C. Note the impediments and work on addressing them later. D. Assign actions to all stakeholders and oversee their implementation. Correct answer B Orange Restricted Feedback Explanation: Acknowledge the impediments and facilitate their resolutions. Ques on 3 You are leading a massive knowledge work project. Some team members have complained they have to work overtime in order to complete some of the assigned work. What should you do to resolve this issue? Answer A. Launch a root cause analysis B. Call a team for a retrospective meeting C. Establish a Kanban board and set WIP limits D. Establish working agreements Correct answer D Feedback Explanation: The problem in unmanageable WIP. The solution is to limit the WIP based on team capacity. A Kanban board can be really helpful in setting this up. A Kanban board provides a means to visualize the flow of work, make impediments easily visible, and allow flow to be managed by adjusting the work in process limits. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 31] Ques on 4 A team member is continuously improving. This team member has been a role model and mentor to others in the organization. How should the project manager acknowledge this team member's commitment? Answer A. The team member should negotiate the scope with the client. B. Appreciate this team member's performance throughout the project life cycle. C. Promote this team member to a coaching role after this project is completed. D. Document it in the team member's end of year performance review. Correct answer B Orange Restricted Feedback Explanation: The project manager should Appreciate this team member's performance throughout the project life cycle. The project manager should Provide constructive feedback to team members on a frequent basis. Team members need to know they are either on track or need to take steps to get back on track. Ques on 5 "The most efficient and effective method of conveying information to and within a development team is face-to-face conversation". Which of the following Agile techniques help achieve this? Answer A. Backlog refinement B. Daily standups C. Team composition D. Backlog preparation Correct answer B Feedback Explanation: Daily standups require collocated team members to meet face-to-face, share progress and make team commitments. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 98] Ques on 6 You have been assigned a new project. The project involves disruptive technologies. The project scope is not clear which has introduced a lot of risk into the project. You have requested to use Agile to manage this project. Why? Answer A. Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies. B. Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk. C. Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage scope changes. D. Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage project risk. Orange Restricted Correct answer B Feedback Explanation: Agile techniques and approaches effectively manage disruptive technologies, scope changes, and project risk. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 2] Ques on 7 A lead business analyst on a large project has consistently been working late to finalize requirements for the next sprint. In the weekly team lead meeting. The project manager learns there are several business analysts on the team who have free cycles. What should the project manager do to ensure an even workload? Answer A. Review the list of open requirements and reassign them to team members with free cycles. B. Facilitate a discussion within the team to redistribute the work within the project team. C. Delay the start date of the next sprint to allow more time for gathering requirements. D. Direct the business analysts with free cycles to take more ownership of the project. Correct answer B Feedback Explanation: Since there are several business analysts on the team who have free cycles, the project manager should Facilitate a discussion within the team to redistribute the work within the project team. Ques on 8 System requirements have been collected and the project scope has been defined. If one of the major project's success factors is delivering within the budget, which of the following approaches would you recommend to be used on this project? Answer A. Predictive B. Incremental Orange Restricted C. Agile D. Iterative Correct Answer A Feedback Since the project requirements are fixed and the goal is to manage cost, a predictive approach is most suitable in this case. [PMBOK® Guide 6th edition, page 19] Ques on 9 The product owner has requested some major changes that will have a significant impact on the project and require reprioritizing the remaining backlog items. What should you do? Answer A. Terminate the current sprint and reprioritize the entire project. B. Complete the started stories but do not bring any more "Ready" stories into "WIP". C. Cancel the current sprint and immediately call a retrospective. D. Complete the current iteration, reprioritize the backlog and adapt the new plan for the next iteration. Correct answer B Explanation: Agile teams typically don't adjust their long term plan during a sprint unless all of the items being developed are dropped from the backlog. It is recommended to complete the current sprint and then re-plan and adjust accordingly. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 25] Ques on 10 A project manager working with a risk-averse financial firm has just started a new project. The project sponsor is extremely concerned that the project may run over budget and is looking to the project manager for confirmation that this won't happen. In order to alleviate the sponsor's concerns, what should the project manager do? Orange Restricted Answer A. Run a Monte Carlo simulation. B. Perform a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) analysis. C. Create the probability and impact matrix. D. Use historical data analysis. Correct answer B Explanation: The project manager should first identify the risk and update the risk register then analyze the risk... (SWOT) analysis is one of the T&T in identify risk process to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organization, focusing on either the project, organization, or the business area in general. SWOT analysis then identifies any opportunities for the project that may arise from strengths, and any threats resulting from weaknesses. The analysis also examines the degree to which organizational strengths may offset threats and determines if weaknesses might hinder opportunities. PMBOK 6th edition page, 415 Ques on 11 Adam has just taken over a construction project. The project is currently in the planning phase of the project lifecycle. Adam realizes that a stakeholder engagement approach will not suffice. One of the client representatives, who is not a key decision-maker, is extremely opinionated. This client representative could become a roadblock to progress due to their perceived level of authority during meetings. How should Adam handle this situation? A. Allocate time to gain buy in from the stakeholder prior to key decision meetings. B. Ask that only key decision makers attend the project meeting. C. Update the risk register to consider the possible project impacts. D. Update the project schedule to cater to this particular stakeholder. Correct Answer A The best answer here is A. Allocate time to gain buy-in from the stakeholder prior to key decision meetings. Here's why: Orange Restricted Understanding the Situation: Adam is facing a situation where a non-key decision- maker is creating potential roadblocks due to their perceived authority. This can be disruptive to the project's progress. Why Option A is the Best: Gaining buy-in from the stakeholder before key meetings addresses the root cause of the issue. By understanding their concerns and addressing them proactively, Adam can reduce the likelihood of the stakeholder becoming a roadblock during meetings. This approach fosters a more collaborative environment. Why Other Options Are Less Effective: B. Ask that only key decision-makers attend the project meeting: While this might seem like a quick fix, it could alienate the stakeholder and potentially create further issues down the line. It's important to manage all stakeholders, even those who are not key decision-makers. C. Update the risk register to consider the possible project impacts: This is a good practice, but it doesn't address the immediate issue of the stakeholder's potential to disrupt meetings. D. Update the project schedule to cater to this particular stakeholder: This approach could be inefficient and create unnecessary delays. It's better to address the root cause of the issue rather than accommodating it. Ques on 12 A software vendor has recently hired you to manage some of its key projects. During your orientation at the organization, you were told that the organization has recently adopted Agile practices for project management. A chart was then shown to you where Agile and Kanban were shown as a subset of Lean. What is your view on this? Answer A. Agile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking. B. The chart is wrong because Agile, Kanban and Lean are three different approaches to project management. C. The chart is wrong because Agile is a subset of Lean while Kanban is not. D. The chart is wrong because Kanban is a subset of Lean while Agile is not. Orange Restricted Correct answer A Feedback Agile and Kanban are subsets of Lean because they are named instances of Lean thinking that share Lean concepts such as "focus on value", "small batch sizes", and "elimination of waste". [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 11] Ques on 13 A large matrix organization is adopting a new communications approach. This is necessary because their projects often require the resourcing of expert knowledge in the form of specialists from various departments and divisions. What should the project manager do to set up effective communications? Answer A. Ensure that messages sent to the recipients are delivered. B. Use the highest possible technical language and avoid using metaphors. C. Plan on transmitting the information in an easily understandable manner. D. Focus on the recipients' needs and not the information itself. Correct answer D Feedback Explanation: Focus on the recipients' needs and not the information itself. Ques on 14 You are managing a software upgrade project for your company. One of the key stakeholders has a great deal of authority regarding project decisions, but resistant to any changes that may occur as a result of the work or outcomes of the project. To complete the project successfully, you need his continuous support. What stakeholder management strategy should you use with the key stakeholder? Answer A. Manage the key stakeholder closely Orange Restricted B. Keep the key stakeholder satisfied C. Keep the key stakeholder informed D. Monitor the key stakeholder actions Correct Answer A A. Manage the key stakeholder closely In this scenario, where the key stakeholder holds significant authority but is resistant to changes that may result from the project, it is crucial to adopt a strategy that actively engages and manages this stakeholder. Here's why option A is the correct approach: - **Active Engagement**: Managing the key stakeholder closely involves understanding their concerns, motivations, and objections regarding the project. By actively engaging with them, you can address their resistance and work towards gaining their support. - **Influence and Alignment**: Since the stakeholder has authority over project decisions, closely managing them allows you to influence their perspective and align their interests with the project's goals. This might involve personalized communication, addressing their specific concerns, and demonstrating how the project benefits them or the organization. - **Continuous Support**: To ensure the project's success, continuous support from this key stakeholder is essential. Managing them closely helps in maintaining a positive relationship and addressing any issues or objections promptly, thus securing their ongoing commitment to the project. While keeping the key stakeholder informed (option C) is important, it alone may not be sufficient if the stakeholder is resistant to changes. Keeping them satisfied (option B) could be challenging if their concerns are not effectively managed. Monitoring their actions (option D) is passive and may not actively address their resistance or secure their support. Orange Restricted Therefore, managing the key stakeholder closely is the most effective stakeholder management strategy in this situation, as it focuses on actively engaging with them to address concerns, gain their support, and ensure their continuous involvement in the project's success. Ques on 15 A project manager works in a matrix organization and is managing an internal software development project that is intended to reduce conflicts in the company's internal tracking system. During development, the project manager is informed that the software has to account for an unexpected change to government accounting requirements. The development team was able to make the change with no additional cost; however, the project manager notices that the testing costs are beginning to exceed the testing budget. What should the project manager do? Answer A. Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to determine if the funds can be reallocated from the development team. B. Ask the project sponsor to allocate funds from the contingency reserve to fund the additional testing. C. Submit a change request to the cost baseline through the governance process to fund the additional testing. D. Update the basis of estimates and the cost management plan to track the additional funding required for testing. Correct answer C Feedback Explanation: Submit a change request to the cost baseline through the governance process to fund the additional testing. Ques on 16 You are currently managing a complex project that requires a lot of knowledge work. You want some sort of visual management system that can help you visualize the flow of work, make impediments easily visible, and allow flow to be managed by adjusting the work-in-process limits. Which of the following tools can help you in this regard? Orange Restricted Answer A. Sprint retrospective B. Product backlog C. Sprint Review meeting D. Kanban board Correct answer D Feedback Explanation: A Kanban board provides a means to visualize the flow of work, make impediments easily visible, and allow flow to be managed by adjusting the work-in-process limits. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 31] Ques on 17 Monica, the project manager of a hardware project, is performing a structured review of the procurement process. She would like to examine each document from the Plan Procurement Management process through the Control Procurements process to identify failures. What tool should Monica use? Answer A. Performance reports in the conduct procurements process B. Procurement audits in the control procurements process C. Procurement audits in the conduct procurements process D. Negotiated settlements in the control procurements process Correct answer C Feedback Explanation: A procurement audit is a tool in the Control Procurements process. Procurement audits are carried out to identify successes and failures that warrant recognition. When this tool is used, all procurement processes are thoroughly checked, and corresponding documents are checked for problems. Therefore, the correct answer is procurement audits in the Control Procurements process. [PMBOK® Guide 6th edition, Page 498] Orange Restricted Ques on 18 If the deliverables will be produced using an agile framework. What strategies might be appropriate to gain formal acceptance of the product scope? (Choose two) Answer A. Ask the product owner to attend each sprint retrospective to review and approve the completed product increment B. Conduct a demonstration whenever enough features have been developed to form a coherent set C. Have the team demonstrate the completed user stories to the product owner at the end of each iteration D. Perform the Validate Scope process once the entire project scope is complete in accordance with the scope management plan E. Ensure that the product scope is fully decomposed down to the work package level during initial project planning Correct answer B & C Feedback Explanation:. In flow-based agile, the development team will demonstrate the completed work once enough features have been developed to form a coherent set. Teams that use flow-based agile typically employ a Kanban board to manage their workflow.. In iteration-based agile, the project team should conduct an iteration review (sometimes referred to as a sprint review) at the end of each iteration. During the iteration review, the project team demonstrates the completed work, and the product owner then accepts or declines the user stories. Ques on 19 A project manager is acting as a scrum master in a hybrid project and is dealing with a conflict between team members. What strategy should be used to handle this conflict? Answer A. Sort conflicts into two groups: positive and negative B. Place conflicts into categories: structural and interpersonal C. Place conflicts on a shared conflict list and ensure it is visible D. Review conflicts during daily Scrum so they are handled in a timely manner Orange Restricted Correct Answer B The best strategy for handling conflict in a hybrid project is **B. Place conflicts into categories: structural and interpersonal.** Here's why: * **Understanding the Root Cause:** Categorizing conflicts helps the Scrum Master identify the underlying cause. * **Structural conflicts** arise from issues with processes, tools, or resources. These are often resolvable through adjustments to the project framework. * **Interpersonal conflicts** stem from differences in personality, communication styles, or work ethics. These require a more nuanced approach to address personal dynamics. * **Targeted Solutions:** Once the conflict is categorized, the Scrum Master can apply appropriate strategies: * **Structural conflicts:** Focus on process improvements, resource allocation, or tool adjustments. * **Interpersonal conflicts:** Facilitate open communication, encourage active listening, and potentially mediate discussions. **Why the other options are less effective:** * **A. Sort conflicts into two groups: positive and negative:** While conflicts can have positive outcomes (e.g., leading to innovation), this categorization doesn't provide actionable steps for conflict resolution. * **C. Place conflicts on a shared conflict list and ensure it is visible:** This might be helpful for tracking, but it doesn't address the core issue of resolving the conflict. * **D. Review conflicts during daily Scrum so they are handled in a timely manner:** While timely handling is important, daily Scrums are primarily for progress updates, not conflict resolution. **In a hybrid project, conflict resolution is crucial for maintaining team cohesion and project success. By understanding the root cause of the conflict, the Scrum Master can apply targeted strategies to address it effectively.** Orange Restricted Ques on 20 Minor impediments may interfere with or slow down day-to-day progress. Which tool or practice can be used to bring attention to those impediments on a regular basis? Answer A. Kanban boards B. Annual conferences C. Lessons learned D. Daily standups Correct answer D Explanation: Teams use standups to microcommit to each other, uncover problems, and ensure the work flows smoothly through the team. Ques on 21 You are working on a large project that is divided into the following phases: feasibility, conceptual, design, prototype, and build. You want to use the process groups with these different phases. What is the recommended approach? Answer A. Repeat all the five process groups for each phase B. Eliminate your phase structure and rename each phase with one of the process group names C. Skip a couple of the process groups since they don't apply to a large project D. Assign one process group to each phase Correct answer A The recommended approach is **A. Repeat all the five process groups for each phase.** Here's why: Orange Restricted * **Process Groups are Iterative:** The five process groups in project management (Initiating, Planning, Executing, Monitoring and Controlling, and Closing) are not linear steps but rather iterative cycles. They apply throughout the project lifecycle, not just once at the beginning or end. * **Each Phase Requires Full Lifecycle:** Each phase of your project (feasibility, conceptual, design, prototype, build) represents a distinct stage with its own requirements and deliverables. You need to go through the full project management lifecycle within each phase to ensure: * **Initiating:** Clearly define the phase's objectives, scope, and resources. * **Planning:** Create detailed plans, timelines, and resource allocations for the phase. * **Executing:** Carry out the work defined in the phase plan. * **Monitoring and Controlling:** Track progress, identify risks, and make adjustments as needed. * **Closing:** Formalize the completion of the phase, document lessons learned, and transition to the next phase. **Why the other options are incorrect:** * **B. Eliminate your phase structure and rename each phase with one of the process group names:** This would distort the project structure and make it difficult to manage. * **C. Skip a couple of the process groups since they don't apply to a large project:** All process groups are essential for any project, regardless of size. Skipping them would lead to gaps in planning, execution, and control. * **D. Assign one process group to each phase:** This would be incomplete and potentially lead to disjointed project management. **By repeating the five process groups for each phase, you ensure a structured and comprehensive approach to managing your large project, leading to better control, communication, and ultimately, success.** Orange Restricted Ques on 22 The project is approaching the end. Several tasks are now practically complete and ready for handover to the client. How should the project manager proceed? Answer A. Update the communications management plan for the overall project B. Update the quality management plan for the overall project C. Close out the project tasks that have been completed D. Ask the client to verify and accept the tasks that have been completed Correct answer D Explanation: The correct answer is: Ask the client to verify and accept the tasks that have been completed. Option ( Close out the project tasks that have been completed ) Not correct because the tasks should be accepted first by the customer then close out. Ques on 23 You are leading a software development project, which requires knowledge of several programming languages. During project execution, one of the developers has been pulled out of the project by her functional manager. The manager provided you with another developer instead. What should you do first? Answer A. Provide the new developer with an ability test B. Introduce the new developer to the project sponsor C. Schedule training for the new developer D. Assign the developer the next user story in the backlog Correct answer A When a new developer joins a software development project due to a team change, it's crucial to assess their skills and abilities upfront. Here's why providing an ability test is the appropriate action: Orange Restricted  Assessment of Skills: An ability test helps in evaluating the new developer's proficiency in the required programming languages and other relevant technical skills needed for the project. This assessment ensures that the developer has the necessary capabilities to contribute effectively.  Alignment with Project Needs: By conducting an ability test early on, you can verify if the new developer's skills align with the project requirements. This helps in making informed decisions about the developer's role within the team and the tasks they can handle.  Quick Integration: While training and onboarding are important, assessing the developer's abilities first allows you to assign them tasks that match their skill level. This can expedite their integration into the project and their ability to start contributing productively. Once the ability test is conducted and the developer's skills are assessed:  Further Steps: Based on the results of the ability test, you can then proceed with scheduling any necessary training to fill gaps identified, introduce the developer to the project sponsor and team, and assign them appropriate tasks from the backlog. Ques on 24 You are a project manager managing a bridge construction project. The high-level elements of the project are handled using a predictive approach. The software responsible for retracting the bridge has been developed based on agile principles. During software development, the workflow is often interrupted by various delays or impediments due to a lack of information. As a project manager, how you handle this situation? Answer A. Increase retrospectives to deliver results fast B. Incorporate small batches of work into the project C. Apply lean manufacturing to limit the team's work D. Make work visible using kanban boards Correct answer D Make work visible using kanban boards Feedback Explanation: A Kanban board is a tool for workflow visualization and one of the Kanban method's key components. Visualizing your workflow and tasks on a Kanban board helps you better understand your processes and gain an overview of your workload. Orange Restricted A kanban board is an agile project management tool designed to help visualize work, limit work-in- progress, and maximize efficiency (or flow). Ques on 25 A project manager for a large multiyear project has a project with diversified stakeholders from various geographical areas. Recently the project manager encountered an issue with stakeholder engagement. Which two tools should the project manager use to determine the underlying reason for why engagement is not having the planned effect? Answer A. Five whys. B. Communication management plan. C. Open space meeting. D. Ishikawa diagram E. Issue log. Correct answer A& D Five whys. Ishikawa diagram Feedback Explanation: Keywords (two tools to determine the underlying reason) Ishikawa diagram: An effective way to identify the root cause..5 Whys is a technique of identifying the root cause of a problem by repeatedly using the Question 151Why. The answer for each Why becomes the driver for identifying the next Why..5 Whys technique provides a visual representation of the problem being analyzed. Very Important Question 151for real exam. Ques on 26 The project manager works in risk management and creating a risk register. The risk register records details of all the risks identified at the beginning and during the life of the project. What tool or technique should the project manager use to generate a list of all possible project risks? Answer A. Monte Carlo Orange Restricted B. Tornado diagram C. Probability and impact matrix D. Brainstorming Correct answer D Brainstorming Feedback Explanation: Brainstorming is a data-gathering technique that can be used for identify risk process and The goal of brainstorming is to obtain a comprehensive list of individual project risks and sources of overall project risk. PMBOK 6th edition page, 414 Ques on 27 Which of the following is an example of an external failure cost? A. Warranty cost B. Cost of training C. Cost of testing D. Cost of documentation Correct Answer A A. Warranty cost Feedback External failure costs are costs incurred after the product has been delivered to the customer and later fails. These costs typically include warranty expenses, costs related to product recalls, customer support for fixing defects, and potentially legal costs if disputes arise due to product failures. Here’s why option A, warranty cost, is an example of an external failure cost: Orange Restricted - **Warranty Cost**: This includes expenses related to repairing or replacing products that fail under warranty. When customers experience issues with a product and use the warranty to get it fixed or replaced, the company incurs costs associated with labor, parts, shipping, and administrative overhead to fulfill the warranty obligations. - **External Failure Definition**: External failure costs arise when defects or issues with the product are discovered after it has left the organization's control and reached the customer. These costs are incurred externally to the production process and typically result from quality issues that were not caught earlier. Options B, C, and D do not fall under external failure costs: - **Cost of training (Option B)**: This is typically considered an internal cost related to preparing employees to perform their tasks effectively. - **Cost of testing (Option C)**: Testing costs are usually incurred during the production process to identify and prevent defects before products are delivered to customers. These are more aligned with prevention costs. - **Cost of documentation (Option D)**: Documentation costs, such as creating user manuals or technical specifications, are typically incurred during product development or production and are considered part of internal costs. Therefore, among the options provided, warranty cost (Option A) is the example of an external failure cost. Ques on 28 The project team members are in conflict are not collaborative and differ in opinion on the architecture. Which of the following phases of Team Development are they in now? Answer Orange Restricted A. Performing B. Norming C. Storming D. Forming Correct answer C Storming Feedback Explanation: There are five stages of Team Development 1) Forming 2) Storming 3) Norming 4) Performing 5) Adjourning. In the Storming phase, the team is in conflict as they begin to address the project work, technical work, and project management approach.[PMBOK 6th edition, Page 338] Ques on 29 An architectural firm has spent a great deal of time and effort creating the design and blueprints for the building. They had to purchase materials and hire consultants and have been working on this project for six months. They have submitted all the invoices for the money they have spent on the work, as well as an invoice for the fee of $5,000. What type of contract was this? Answer A. Fixed price with economic price adjustments (FPEPA). B. Time and materials C. Cost-reimbursable D. Cost-plus incentive fee (CPIF). Correct answer C Cost-reimbursable Feedback Explanation: This example of Cost plus fixed fee (CPFF). The seller is reimbursed for all allowable costs for performing the contract work and receives a fixed-fee payment calculated as a percentage of the initial estimated project costs. Orange Restricted Ques on 30 In a fixed time and budget project the customer wants the development of a core component to be based on agile practices, as the final scope of the requirement has not yet been fully developed. The project manager is participating in contract development with the sales team and wants to ensure that development costs do not impact the profitability of the project. Which two controls should the project manager incorporate into the contract to specifically address the development of the core component? (Choose two) A. Require that only internal resources be utilized for this project (Correct) B. Limit the number of iterations for development in the contract. (Correct) C. Provide alternatives to scope change at specific project phases within the contract. D. Establish a governance committee to review the contract delivery E. Tier the contract for fixed and agile components Correct Answer A & B A. Require that only internal resources be utilized for this project. B. Limit the number of iterations for development in the contract. Here’s why these controls are appropriate: A. Require that only internal resources be utilized for this project:  By specifying that only internal resources (e.g., internal development team members) are to be used, the project manager can have more control over costs and resource allocation. Internal resources typically have a clearer understanding of the project goals and requirements, reducing risks associated with miscommunication or inefficiencies that external resources might introduce. B. Limit the number of iterations for development in the contract:  Agile practices involve iterative development cycles. Limiting the number of iterations in the contract helps manage the scope and cost by defining a clear boundary for the iterative process. This ensures that the development team focuses on delivering value within a predefined number of iterations, thus controlling both time and potentially excessive costs associated with prolonged development cycles. Option C (Provide alternatives to scope change at specific project phases within the contract) might be considered, but it does not specifically address the control of development costs related to agile practices. It focuses more on managing scope changes, which is important but not directly tied to cost control in agile development. Orange Restricted Option D (Establish a governance committee to review the contract delivery) and Option E (Tier the contract for fixed and agile components) are less directly related to controlling development costs within an agile framework as described in the scenario. Therefore, the best controls to incorporate into the contract to address the development of the core component while managing costs in an agile context are options A and B. Ques on 31 There is disagreement among the project stakeholders makes the project manager having difficulty obtaining approval of the project requirements. As a project manager, what should you do first to facilitate the approval of project requirements? Answer A. Team building Activities B. Review the project charter. C. Conduct a stakeholder analysis D. Identify the source of the disagreement. Correct answer D Identify the source of the disagreement. Feedback Explanation: The project manager should first identify the source of the disagreement to facilitate the approval of project requirements? Ques on 32 While developing your project schedule, you have asked everyone to provide a list of planned vacations over the next three months, and you have applied this information to the tasks that each person is responsible for. What also needs updating? Answer A. Lags B. Leads C. Gantt chart Orange Restricted D. Resource Calendars Correct answer D Resource Calendars Feedback Explanation: Resource calendars indicate when resources can work on the project. This project document must be updated to reflect the working and non-working time of the project resources. [PMBOK® Guide 6th edition, Page 323] Ques on 33 Due to the complexity and the number of requirements, you need someone to provide the guiding direction and requirements prioritization. Ideally, this role should work with the project team and provide product feedback, and set direction on the next piece of functionality to be delivered. In Agile, this role is called? Answer A. Scrum master B. Product owner C. Servant-leader D. Cross-functional team member Correct answer B Product owner Feedback Explanation: The product owner is responsible for guiding the direction of the product. Product owners rank the work based on its business value. Product owners work with their teams by providing product feedback and setting direction on the next piece of functionality to be delivered. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 41] Ques on 34 You have been assigned as a project manager to a software project. Before creating your product, you decided to create a prototype to ensure that it is acceptable to stakeholders. This is an example of: Orange Restricted Answer A. Risk avoidance B. Risk acceptance C. Risk Transference D. Risk mitigation Correct answer C Risk mitigation Feedback Explanation: In risk mitigation, action is taken to reduce the probability of occurrence and/or impact of a threat. Early mitigation action is often more effective than trying to repair the damage after the threat has occurred. Adopting less complex processes, conducting more tests, or choosing a more stable seller are examples of mitigation actions. Mitigation may involve prototype development to reduce the risk of scaling up from a bench-scale model of a process or product.[PMBOK 6th edition, Page 443] Ques on 35 Some of your team members seem to be not cooperating with each other. There is a lack of mutual support and they are coming to you for decision making on small issues. What can you do to make this better? Answer A. Involve them in project management work to increase their motivation B. Initiate team building to increase trust among team members C. Check whether there are any issues due to diverse cultures D. Involve them in your decision making activities Correct answer B Initiate team building to increase trust among team members Feedback Explanation: Explanation: Increasing the trust among the team members using team building activities will improve the situation. Involving the team in project management and decision making on behalf of the project manager will not improve the teamwork. There may be teaming issues due to cultural diversity which may also be addressed by team building activities. Orange Restricted Ques on 36 Six agile teams working together on a product. When all of the teams integrated at the product level, many integration issues were observed. The overall product release progress declined and the content will not be able to be accomplished. What should the project manager have done differently? Answer A. Ensured frequent and continuous integration of work to obtain early feedback and continuous learning. B. Conduct an online session on the integration concept to teach the teams. C. Formed a quality control team to test all items coming from each team at the end of each iteration. D. Performed a scrum of scrum on a regular basis to help the teams remove impediments. Correct answer D Performed a scrum of scrum on a regular basis to help the teams remove impediments. Feedback Explanation: Scrum of Scrums (SOS), also known as "meta Scrum," is a technique used when two or more Scrum teams consisting of three to nine members each need to coordinate their work instead of one large Scrum team. A representative from each team attends a meeting with the other team representative(s), potentially daily but typically two to three times a week. The daily meeting is conducted similar to the daily standup in Scrum where the representative reports completed work, next set of work, any current impediments, and potential upcoming impediments that might block the other team(s). The goal is to ensure the teams are coordinating work and removing impediments to optimize the efficiency of all the teams. Agile Practice guide page, 111 Ques on 37 The project team is reviewing the requirements documentation that they are responsible for working on. Which project artifact can they reference to see the connection between the requirements and the business and project objectives? A. Requirements traceability matrix B. Scope management plan C. Project charter D. RACI Chart Correct Answer A Orange Restricted Explanation A. Requirements traceability matrix The project artifact that the project team can reference to see the connection between the requirements and the business and project objectives is the **Requirements traceability matrix**. Here’s why the Requirements traceability matrix (RTM) is the correct answer: - **Traceability**: The RTM provides a structured way to trace and manage requirements throughout the project lifecycle. It links each requirement back to the business and project objectives that it supports. This linkage ensures that every requirement is aligned with the overall goals of the project and the broader objectives of the organization. - **Visibility of Connections**: By using the RTM, the project team can easily see how each requirement contributes to achieving specific business and project objectives. This visibility helps in prioritizing requirements, managing changes, and ensuring that the project delivers value in line with stakeholder expectations. Option B, Scope management plan, outlines how scope will be defined, verified, and controlled throughout the project, but it typically does not explicitly link requirements to business and project objectives. Option C, Project charter, defines the project vision, objectives, and high-level requirements, but it may not detail the specific connection between individual requirements and objectives. Option D, RACI Chart (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed chart), specifies roles and responsibilities for tasks or decisions within the project, but it does not directly address the linkage between requirements and business/project objectives. Therefore, the Requirements traceability matrix (Option A) is the artifact that the project team should reference to understand the connection between the requirements they are working on and the business and project objectives they are aiming to achieve. Orange Restricted Ques on 38 A scrum master is leading an agile project in which the development team has failed to achieve the sprint goal for the past three iterations. During the sprint retrospective, the team decides to implement several changes to improve velocity. How might the scrum master verify any performance improvement? A. Review the burnup chart B. Study the Gantt chart C. Create Pareto chart D. Calculate the project's TCPI Correct Answer A A. Review the burnup chart In an Agile project, especially in Scrum, the burnup chart is a valuable tool for tracking progress and verifying performance improvements. Here’s why reviewing the burnup chart is the appropriate choice: - **Tracking Sprint Progress**: The burnup chart visually represents the progress of the team towards completing the sprint backlog items (scope) over time. It shows the cumulative completed work (burned up) against the planned scope (ideal line). - **Verification of Performance Improvement**: By comparing burnup charts from previous sprints to the current sprint, the Scrum Master can assess whether the team is completing more work within the sprint duration. An improvement in velocity (amount of work completed per sprint) should be reflected in a steeper slope or higher cumulative completed work on the burnup chart for the current sprint. - **Transparency and Communication**: The burnup chart is often shared with stakeholders and the team during sprint reviews or retrospectives. It provides transparency into the team’s progress and helps facilitate discussions on how to further improve performance. Options B, C, and D are not relevant for verifying performance improvement in the context of Agile and Scrum: Orange Restricted - **Option B (Study the Gantt chart)**: Gantt charts are more commonly used in traditional project management methodologies for scheduling tasks and tracking progress against a timeline. They are not typically used in Agile projects like Scrum, which focus more on iterative development and frequent delivery of value. - **Option C (Create Pareto chart)**: Pareto charts are used for analyzing the frequency of problems or causes in a process. While useful for identifying issues, they are not specifically used to track sprint progress or verify performance improvement in Agile projects. - **Option D (Calculate the project's TCPI)**: TCPI (To-Complete Performance Index) is a metric used in earned value management to forecast the required performance to achieve project goals. It’s not directly applicable to tracking sprint-level improvements in Agile projects. Therefore, reviewing the burnup chart (Option A) is the most appropriate way for the Scrum Master to verify any performance improvement resulting from the changes implemented by the team during the sprint retrospective. Ques on 39 You have recently joined an organization as the Marketing Manager. You have been told that a new product has just been created and you will need to get it into the market within the next month. This means press released, TV, Radio, Internet and newspaper adverts, a big launch, with at least one local celebrity. You request a meeting with a project manager for advice on initiating the project, but you are told the organization doesn't have a Project Manager, it just has a part-time Project Coordinator. What is the organizational structure of the organization? Answer A. Strong matrix B. Balanced matrix C. Project-oriented D. PMO Correct answer B Balanced matrix Feedback Orange Restricted Explanation: Explanation: Answer =. Balanced matrix. (See Table 2-1. Influences of Organizational Structures on Projects. PMBOK Guide pg47). Ques on 40 A project manager feels the need of updating one of the project supplier contracts to meet the current needs of the project. However, before any change can be requested, the project manager must know the right process to incorporate a change to this specific contract. What should he do first? A. Update the project procurement management plan B. Review alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures in the contract C. Review the change control procedure as documented in the contract D. Issue the change request and get it approved through Integrated Change Control process Correct answer C Review the change control procedure as documented in the contract Feedback Explanation: The first step should be to gather enough information so that the right decision and course of action can be determined. The second step should be to issue a change request and follow its approval. The project manager must first review the change control procedure specific to the contract and that can be found in the procurement contract itself. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 489] Ques on 41 Every timeboxed iteration in the project has a demo scheduled at the end during the iteration review session. What is the goal of this demo? A. To groom the iteration backlog. B. To establish the features to be included in the product backlog. C. To revise the product roadmap. D. To solicit feedback from the product owner and other stakeholders. Orange Restricted Correct answer D To solicit feedback from the product owner and other stakeholders. Feedback Explanation: The iteration review session: Hosted at the end of every sprint. Attendees will be the development team, the product owner, scrum master, and sometimes other project stakeholders. Development team will demo the work created in the increment.. The group will decide if "Done" has been achieved. The development team and the product owner will discuss the sprint and the remaining items in the product backlog Ques on 42 A skilled project manager should have the necessary expertise to identify appropriate project management approaches (traditional vs. Agile) and tailor the tools, techniques, and methods for each project. What are these skills called? Answer A. Leadership skills B. Strategic and business management skills C. Interpersonal skills D. Technical project management skills Correct answer D Technical project management skills Feedback Explanation: This is an example of technical project managemen skills. [PMBOK® Guide, 6th edition, Page 58] Ques on 43 As a Project Manager, you are estimating the duration of your project activities using Using a triangular distribution formula. For a particular project activity, your Optimistic estimate is 14 Orange Restricted days, the Pessimistic estimate is 49 days, and the Most Likely estimate is 27 days. What should be the expected duration of this activity? Answer A. 50 B. 30 C. 25 D. 32 Correct answer B 30 Feedback Explanation: triangular distribution allows the estimator to include three estimates: optimistic, pessimistic, and most likely. The expected duration is calculated using the equation: Expected Duration = [P + ML + 0]/3, where P is the pessimistic estimate, ML is the most likely estimate, and O is the optimistic estimate. Using this method, the correct answer 14+49+27/3=30 days. Ques on 44 You are a project manager in a software project. A development team completed the project and plans to initiate the closure phase. However, one key stakeholder refuses to sign-off due to non-compliance with the agreed-upon deliverables. What should the project manager do to facilitate acceptance? A. Conduct a variance analysis to identify any deviation in the deliverables. B. Document the noncompliance and start the change management process. C. Provide a new statement of work (SOW) for the variation in the deliverables D. Record the noncompliance and initiate project closure. Correct Answer A Correct Answer: A. Conduct a variance analysis to identify any deviation in the deliverables. Orange Restricted Here’s why option A is the correct answer: - **Variance Analysis**: Conducting a variance analysis involves comparing the completed deliverables against the agreed-upon requirements and specifications. This analysis helps to identify any deviations or discrepancies that might exist. - **Understanding Non-compliance**: By performing a variance analysis, the project manager can objectively assess whether the deliverables meet the requirements specified in the project scope, statement of work (SOW), or acceptance criteria. It provides clarity on where and how the deliverables fall short of expectations. - **Facilitating Acceptance**: Once deviations are identified through variance analysis, the project manager can work with the development team and stakeholders to address these issues. This may involve corrective actions, rework, or adjustments to bring the deliverables into compliance with the agreed-upon requirements. Options B, C, and D are less appropriate: - **Option B (Document the noncompliance and start the change management process)**: While documenting noncompliance is important, starting the change management process assumes that the project scope or requirements need to change. This step should come after identifying the nature and extent of the noncompliance through variance analysis. - **Option C (Provide a new statement of work (SOW) for the variation in the deliverables)**: Providing a new SOW might be necessary if there are substantial changes to the project scope or deliverables. However, it doesn't address the immediate need to determine and rectify noncompliance. - **Option D (Record the noncompliance and initiate project closure)**: Initiating project closure without addressing noncompliance would lead to unresolved issues and potential disputes with stakeholders. Orange Restricted Therefore, conducting a variance analysis to identify any deviation in the deliverables is the project manager's best course of action to facilitate acceptance from the key stakeholder. It provides a clear understanding of the situation and guides subsequent actions to resolve the noncompliance issues. Ques on 45 During the execution of a project, the project manager discovers that one branch team's tasks are being ineffectively influenced by one team member. What should a project manager use to ensure good working relationships among team members? Answer A. Interpersonal skills. B. Recognition and rewards. C. Ground rules. D. Team-building activities. Correct answer D Team-building activities. Feedback Explanation: Keyword ( ineffectively - good working relationships among team members) The objective of team-building activities is to help individual team members work together effectively. Team-building strategies are particularly valuable when team members operate from remote locations without the benefit of face-to-face contact. Informal communication and activities can help in building trust and establishing good working relationships. Note: team-building activities is a part of Interpersonal skills. but here you should use the son not father. PMBOK 6th edition page, 341 Ques on 46 A government agency has recently Introduced new standards that may significantly impact the project. The deliverables must be changed to align with the new quality standards. What should the project manager do? Answer Orange Restricted Update the lessons learned register and inform senior management of the new standards A. Evaluate the impact the new regulations will have on the project and submit a change request B. Set up a structured, independent process to determine if project activities followed the standards C. Schedule training for the project team on the new regulations introduced by the government agency Correct answer A Evaluate the impact the new regulations will have on the project and submit a change request Feedback Explanation: The project manager should first Evaluate the impact the new regulations will have on the project and then submit a change request to CCB to take approval to update the quality management plan. Very Important Question 151for the real exam! Ques on 47 A company is launching a new product that has to be ready before the summer season begins. After the discovery process, the team realizes that the requirements are very uncertain. What should the project manager do? Answer A. Ask to include some business subject matter experts (SMEs) in the team. B. Invite stakeholders to discuss project requirements prioritization. C. Register a risk and define a contingency plan to finish the project on time. D. Assist the team in proposing a minimum viable product (MVP). Correct answer D Assist the team in proposing a minimum viable product (MVP). Feedback Explanation: Assist the team in proposing a minimum viable product (MVP). Orange Restricted Ques on 48 The business is unclear on the direction and when features are to be expected for an agile managed project. What project artifact helps communicate the goals, milestones, and potential deliverables, releases, or other work outputs? Answer A. Configuration management plan B. Product roadmap C. Project charter D. Requirements documentation Correct answer B Product roadmap Feedback Explanation: product roadmap A high level visual summary of the product or products of the project that includes goals, milestones, and potential deliverables. Ques on 49 During the implementation phase of a project, a new regulation affects the project, and a critical status meeting discussing the scope changes is required. The project manager discovers that a key stakeholder cannot attend the scheduled meeting What should the project manager do? Answer A. Call for a change control board (CCB) meeting, and inform the stakeholder about the outcome B. Meet with the stakeholder prior to the meeting to obtain their opinion C. Meet with the project sponsor to discuss how to address the situation D. Update the communications management plan and implement the change Correct answer B Meet with the stakeholder prior to the meeting to obtain their opinion Feedback Orange Restricted Explanation: The correct answer is: Meet with the stakeholder prior to the meeting to obtain their opinion Ques on 50 An issue that had not been registered as a risk appeared. This issue may have a big impact on the project. What should the project manager do? Answer Avoid managing the issue as it was not registered as a risk for the project A. Inform the sponsor that the issue is addressed B. Delay the project until the issue is addressed C. Hold a meeting with the project team and relevant stakeholders to agree on the best way to manage the issues. Correct answer C Hold a meeting with the project team and relevant stakeholders to agree on the best way to manage the issues. Feedback Explanation: The logical and the correct answer is to Hold a meeting with the project team and relevant stakeholders to agree on the best way to manage the issues. Ques on 51 One of the sellers has completed their work as specified in the contract and you are proceeding to close out the purchase. Your quality team is not satisfied with the work as the machining tolerances are not as close as they had hoped for. You need to do which of the following with the seller? Answer A. Terminate the contract. B. Request that they rework the parts to the specified tolerances. C. Request from seller to issue a change request. D. Close out the procurement and start a new contract for any rework. Orange Restricted Correct answer D Close out the procurement and start a new contract for any rework. Feedback Explanation: The Question 151states that the work is done to specifications. If you need to have some parts reworked a new contract needs to be written up. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 499] Ques on 52 During a sprint review, the product owner rejects a deliverable stating that it does not meet the acceptance criteria. The quality assurance team, who verified the deliverable as part of the Control Quality process, argues that there is nothing wrong with the deliverable and that it should be accepted. The product owner disagrees and rejects the deliverable. What is the project manager's best course of action to ensure that this type of misunderstanding does not recur? A. At the upcoming sprint retrospective meeting, facilitate an exercise to identify the underlying cause of the misunderstanding B. Fire the team member who causes the issue C. Discuss the problem during the next daily scrum meeting and resolve the misunderstanding between the product owner and team D. Submit a change request to modify the Control Quality process based on the recommendations from the team and product owner Correct Answer A Correct Answer: A. At the upcoming sprint retrospective meeting, facilitate an exercise to identify the underlying cause of the misunderstanding. Here’s why option A is the correct answer: - **Sprint Retrospective Meeting**: The sprint retrospective is a dedicated meeting in Scrum where the team reflects on the sprint that has just ended. It provides an opportunity to inspect how the sprint went in terms of people, relationships, processes, and tools. - **Identifying Underlying Causes**: Facilitating an exercise during the retrospective to identify the underlying cause of the misunderstanding between the product owner and the quality assurance team is crucial. This exercise could involve techniques like root cause analysis, fishbone diagrams, or simply open discussion to explore different perspectives. Orange Restricted - **Improving Communication and Understanding**: By discussing the issue in a retrospective, the project manager can help the team and stakeholders understand what went wrong and how similar issues can be avoided in the future. It promotes transparency, collaboration, and continuous improvement within the team. Options B, C, and D are less appropriate: - **Option B (Fire the team member who causes the issue)**: Firing a team member is an extreme and inappropriate response to a misunderstanding, especially without understanding the root cause. - **Option C (Discuss the problem during the next daily scrum meeting and resolve the misunderstanding)**: Daily Scrum meetings are intended for quick daily updates and are not the appropriate forum for resolving deep-rooted issues like this. - **Option D (Submit a change request to modify the Control Quality process based on the recommendations from the team and product owner)**: While process improvement may be needed based on the retrospective findings, submitting a change request without fully understanding the issue would be premature. Therefore, facilitating an exercise during the sprint retrospective meeting to identify the underlying cause of the misunderstanding is the project manager's best course of action. This approach promotes learning, teamwork, and continuous improvement within the agile project environment. Ques on 53 A project is six months into its nine-month projected duration, and the project manager is reporting that the project is at least three months behind schedule because certain key stakeholders were resistant to any changes that might occur as outcomes of the project. What might have been done differently during project planning to have avoided this situation? Answer A. Better execution of the Manage Stakeholder Engagement process B. Establishment of a more robust communications management plan C. Development of a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix D. Creation of a comprehensive stakeholder register Correct answer C Development of a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix Orange Restricted Feedback Explanation: The scenario describes a situation where the resistance of certain key stakeholders has caused the project to run behind schedule and is asking what might have been done differently during project planning. Two of the answer choices represent activities which are not associated with the Planning Process Group, and, as a result, those responses can be eliminated. Both of the remaining answer choices represent plausible actions that may have led to better stakeholder engagement. The actual PMP exam may present Question 151s with more than one correct answer, and the PMP aspirant must select the 'best' answer among the potentially correct options. In this case, the development of the stakeholder engagement assessment matrix directly addresses the issue described by the Question 151. The stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is used as a tool during the Plan Stakeholder Engagement process and identifies key stakeholders along with their current and desired engagement level. Classifications for stakeholder engagement may include unaware, resistant, neutral, supportive, and leading. In this scenario, certain key stakeholders were resistant to the project which caused the project to run behind schedule. A stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is the best tool for identifying resistant stakeholders with enough influence to undermine a project. In this case, identifying the current and desired engagement levels of the key stakeholders might have allowed the project manager to take action to address the undesirable engagement levels and prevent the stakeholder's resistance from negatively impact the project's performance. Therefore, of the available options, development of a stakeholder engagement assessment matrix is the best answer to the Question 151asked. Ques on 54 A project manager is leading a virtual team that is geographically dispersed. What should the project manager do to avoid uncertainty in the project due to different cultures? A. Gather relevant cultural data and engage members in discussions covering their work ethics. B. Build a culturally neutral team that will not be affected by cultural differences. C. Dissolve the virtual team and build a colocated team. D. Start the project and add any uncertainty that arises to the risk register Correct Answer A Correct Answer: A. Gather relevant cultural data and engage members in discussions covering their work ethics. Here’s why option A is the correct answer: - **Understanding Cultural Differences**: When managing a geographically dispersed virtual team, understanding cultural differences is crucial. Cultural differences can impact communication styles, decision-making processes, work ethics, and team dynamics. Orange Restricted - **Gathering Cultural Data**: The project manager should gather relevant cultural data about the team members' backgrounds, including their cultural norms, values, communication preferences, and work styles. This information helps in understanding potential areas of cultural differences that could affect the project. - **Engaging in Discussions**: Engaging team members in discussions about their work ethics and cultural norms promotes awareness and understanding among team members. It encourages open communication and collaboration, despite cultural differences. Options B, C, and D are less appropriate: - **Option B (Build a culturally neutral team that will not be affected by cultural differences)**: Building a culturally neutral team is impractical because team members' cultural backgrounds inherently influence their behaviors and interactions. The focus should be on understanding and leveraging cultural diversity rather than neutralizing it. - **Option C (Dissolve the virtual team and build a colocated team)**: Dissolving the virtual team to form a colocated team is not necessary solely due to cultural differences. Virtual teams can be highly effective with proper management of cultural diversity. - **Option D (Start the project and add any uncertainty that arises to the risk register)**: While adding uncertainties to the risk register is important, it does not address the proactive steps needed to manage cultural differences effectively within a virtual team. Therefore, gathering relevant cultural data and engaging in discussions about work ethics and cultural norms among team members is the most effective approach for a project manager to avoid uncertainty stemming from different cultures in a geographically dispersed virtual team. Ques on 55 A project manager is leading a project to design and develop a new cutting edge computer system, which is in the second of five phases. The project is running behind schedule and significantly over budget due to a force majeure. The project is being conducted internally to maintain control over the proprietary technology which will provide a competitive advantage. The project has reached a phase gate. What is the purpose of performing the phase gate? A. The project's performance is compared to the business documents to determine if the project should be Continue to the next phase, End the project, or Repeat the phase B. Determine how many resources are required to complete the project according to the project baseline C. Obtain customer acceptance of project deliverables Orange Restricted D. Adjust the schedule and cost baselines based on past performance Correct Answer A Correct Answer: A. The project's performance is compared to the business documents to determine if the project should continue to the next phase, end the project, or repeat the phase. Here’s why option A is the correct answer: - **Phase Gate Purpose**: Phase gates, also known as stage gates or decision gates, are checkpoints in a project where the project's progress and performance are evaluated against predefined criteria. These criteria are typically aligned with business objectives and project goals. - **Decision Making**: During a phase gate review, the project manager and key stakeholders assess whether the project has achieved its objectives for the current phase. They review business documents, project plans, performance metrics, risks, and other relevant factors to make informed decisions about the project's future. - **Options for Decision**: Based on the assessment at the phase gate, the decision options typically include: - Continuing to the next phase with or without adjustments. - Terminating the project if it no longer aligns with strategic objectives or if it is deemed unfeasible. - Repeating the current phase if there are significant issues or uncertainties that need to be addressed before progressing. Options B, C, and D are less relevant to the purpose of performing a phase gate: - **Option B (Determine how many resources are required to complete the project according to the project baseline)**: Resource estimation and planning are part of project management activities throughout the project lifecycle, not specifically tied to phase gate reviews. - **Option C (Obtain customer acceptance of project deliverables)**: Customer acceptance typically occurs at specific milestones or at project completion, not specifically during phase gate reviews. Orange Restricted - **Option D (Adjust the schedule and cost baselines based on past performance)**: Schedule and cost baseline adjustments may occur based on performance data gathered throughout the project, but these are management activities that occur iteratively, not just at phase gates. Therefore, the correct purpose of performing the phase gate is to assess the project's performance against business documents and criteria to decide on the appropriate next steps for the project. Ques on 56 A newly technical project manager has appointed by the client. The technical project manager visits the project site to verify the project deliverables, the technical manager feels that the project manager has not been providing enough information. As a project manager, what should you do first to resolve this situation? Answer A. Schedule frequent one to one meetings with the technical manager B. Review and update the stakeholder engagement plan. C. Update the risk register. D. Update the issue log and escalate to the project sponsor. Correct answer B Review and update the stakeholder engagement plan. Feedback Explanation: Keyword (newly technical project manager) so the project manager should review and update the stakeholder engagement plan to reflect the new technical manager and Desired and current engagement level. the stakeholder engagement plan contains a Method for updating and refining the stakeholder engagement plan. Ques on 57 After several iterations, some of the stakeholders from your software development project have begun to raise concerns about the product your team has developed so far. The stakeholders claim the product is not what they had envisioned at the beginning of the project when you interviewed them as part of the Collect Requirements process. What did you likely Orange Restricted miss earlier? Answer A. Planning a response to the risk of building a wrong product B. Conducting targeted brainstorming sessions C. Creating a detailed WBS during project initiation D. Developing adequate prototypes Correct answer D Developing adequate prototypes Feedback Explanation: Prototyping is a method of obtaining early feedback and stakeholder buy-in on requirements by providing a model of the expected product before actually building its final version. Prototypes are widely used in projects where products are developed incrementally, as in the scenario provided. It is likely that if the team created adequate prototypes, the situation described in the scenario could have been avoided. (PMBOK Guide) - Sixth Edition, Page(s) 147 Ques on 58 As the project team gains better understanding of the value their product might deliver, they are excited to make the product a reality. Due to the volume of features and the work required, the project team decides to delivery incrementally. What are some benefits to this strategy? (Choose three) A. Creates a sense of urgency to deliver part of a solution. B. Allows progress to be realized. C. Enables the end users to provide feedback. D. Makes senior leadership promote their work. E. Allows the team to discard or ignore the challenging work. Correct Answer A, B & C The benefits of delivering incrementally include: A. Creates a sense of urgency to deliver part of a solution: Orange Restricted - Incremental delivery encourages teams to focus on delivering usable portions of the product, creating a sense of accomplishment and urgency to deliver value early. B. Allows progress to be realized: - By delivering increments of the product, progress becomes tangible and measurable. This helps in building momentum and maintaining team motivation. C. Enables the end users to provide feedback: - Incremental delivery allows end users to interact with and provide feedback on working parts of the product early in the development process. This feedback is valuable for refining and improving subsequent increments. D. Makes senior leadership promote their work: - While senior leadership support is beneficial, it is not typically a direct benefit of incremental delivery. Senior leadership may appreciate the value of incremental delivery in terms of risk management and early value realization, but it does not necessarily promote their work directly. E. Allows the team to discard or ignore the challenging work: - Incremental delivery does not inherently allow the team to discard or ignore challenging work. Instead, it encourages breaking down complex work into manageable parts and addressing challenges iteratively. Therefore, the correct benefits of delivering incrementally are A (Creates a sense of urgency to deliver part of a solution), B (Allows progress to be realized), and C (Enables the end users to provide feedback). These benefits highlight the iterative and customer-focused nature of incremental delivery in Agile and iterative development approaches. Ques on 59 Due to a recent technological development, a significant change in the product design is required. This change would require a 50 percent increase in the project budget. The project manager prepares a detailed report and emails it to the project sponsor, and the sponsor acknowledges the receipt of the report. What should Ben do next? A. Wait for the formal approval of the new budget B. Update the Cost Baseline C. Update the project schedule D. Update the Project management plan Correct Answer A Orange Restricted Correct Answer: A. Wait for the formal approval of the new budget Here’s why option A is the correct answer: - **Formal Approval Process**: When a significant change in the project budget is required, it typically needs formal approval from the project sponsor or the appropriate governance body within the organization. The project manager should wait for this formal approval before proceeding with any changes. - **Detailed Report**: Sending a detailed report to the project sponsor is a good initial step to communicate the need for the budget increase. Acknowledgment of receipt by the sponsor indicates that they are aware of the request. - **Next Steps**: After sending the report, the project manager should allow the sponsor and possibly other stakeholders to review the report, assess the impact of the budget increase, and make a decision. This involves evaluating the reasons for the increase, assessing its impact on project objectives, and determining whether it aligns with organizational priorities and constraints. Options B, C, and D are less appropriate: - **Option B (Update the Cost Baseline)**: Updating the Cost Baseline should only be done after formal approval of the new budget. The baseline reflects the approved budget against which project performance is measured. - **Option C (Update the project schedule)**: Updating the project schedule may be necessary after changes are approved, especially if the scope or timeline is impacted. However, it should not precede formal approval of the budget increase. Orange Restricted - **Option D (Update the Project management plan)**: The Project management plan includes various components such as scope management, schedule management, and resource management plans. While updating these plans may be necessary after budget approval, it should not be done before formal approval of the budget change. Therefore, option A is the correct answer as it emphasizes the importance of waiting for formal approval of the new budget before proceeding with any updates or changes to project baselines or plans. Ques on 60 A project manager has just taken over a project to develop a product using a hybrid life cycle. With this project, the hardware has fixed requirements while the software requirements are still evolving. How should the project manager apply the hybrid life cycle for this project? Answer A. Both the hardware and software should have their scope defined iteratively B. Develop the software with a predictive life cycle and use an adaptive life cycle for the hardware C. Both the hardware and software should have their scope defined during initial project planning D. Develop the hardware with a predictive life cycle and use an adaptive life cycle for the software Correct answer D Develop the hardware with a predictive life cycle and use an adaptive life cycle for the software Feedback Explanation: The Question 151describes a project which is utilizing a hybrid development life cycle. A hybrid development life cycle is a combination of predictive and adaptive life cycles. In a predictive life cycle, the project scope, time, and cost are determined in the early phases of the life cycle. With an adaptive life cycle, the detailed scope is defined and approved before the start of an iteration. With a hybrid life cycle, those elements of the project that are well-known or have fixed requirements follow a predictive development life cycle, and those elements that are still evolving follow an adaptive development life cycle. In this scenario, the hardware has fixed requirements while the software requirements are still evolving. Therefore, the project manager should develop the hardware with a predictive life cycle and use an adaptive life cycle for the development of the software. (PMBOK Guide) - Sixth Edition, Page(s) 19 Orange Restricted Ques on 61 An Agile team is currently developing an inventory control system. Two programmers on the team are arguing and recommending different development approaches. One is of the view that the system should be built from scratch, while the other believes that the existing system should be enhanced and patched. How should you resolve this conflict? Answer A. Develop the product from scratch as that will bring the system closer to requirements. B. Select the patch work approach as that will save time for the organization. C. Ask the product owner to choose the right approach. D. Ask the entire team to analyze both approaches and select the one that will deliver higher business value. Correct answer D Ask the entire team to analyze both approaches and select the one that will deliver higher business value. Feedback Explanation: This has to be a team decision. Ask the entire team to analyze both approaches and select the one that will deliver higher business value. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 4] Ques on 62 A junior staff member was recently assigned to the team. The new team member tells the project manager that he is confused because he is not familiar with what is expected of them on the project. What should the project manager do to assist the new team member? Answer A. Advice the new team member to enroll in project management training. B. Review the resource management plan and provide mentoring to the new team member if necessary. Orange Restricted C. Advice the new team member to review the project charter and stakeholder engagement plan. D. Instruct the new team member to review the responsible, accountable, consult, and inform RACI matrix before asking for help. Correct answer D Instruct the new team member to review the responsible, accountable, consult, and inform RACI matrix before asking for help. Feedback Explanation: The correct answer is: Instruct the new team member to review the responsible, accountable, consult, and inform RACI matrix before asking for help. Keyword (he is not familiar with what is expected of them on the project.) A RACI chart is a useful tool to use to ensure clear assignment of roles and responsibilities when the team consists of internal and external resources. Ques on 63 A hybrid project has just deployed, and the project manager is planning project closure with lessons learned workshops. A key stakeholder informs the project manager that having the Scrum team in the workshops is a waste of time because the project was delivered successfully. What should the project manager do? A. Ask the Scrum team members to share retrospectives. B. Invite the Scrum team members as mandatory participants. C. Invite the Scrum team members as optional participants. D. Ask the scrum master to attend the workshops. Correct Answer A Correct Answer: A. Ask the Scrum team members to share retrospectives. Here’s why option A is the correct answer: - **Retrospectives**: In Agile methodologies, particularly Scrum, retrospectives are regular meetings held at the end of each sprint or project phase to reflect on what went well, what could be improved, and actions to take for future iterations. They are essential for continuous improvement and learning. - **Lessons Learned Workshops**: During project closure, conducting lessons learned workshops is crucial to capture insights, identify successes, and discuss areas for improvement. Orange Restricted These workshops involve key stakeholders, project team members, and sometimes external experts. - **Involving the Scrum Team**: Even though the project was delivered successfully, it is important to involve the Scrum team members in the lessons learned workshops. They can provide valuable insights into their experiences, challenges faced, and suggestions for process improvements. Options B, C, and D are less appropriate: - **Option B (Invite the Scrum team members as mandatory participants)**: While it may ensure participation, making participation mandatory can sometimes lead to resistance or reluctance. It's more effective to encourage active participation voluntarily. - **Option C (Invite the Scrum team members as optional participants)**: Making participation optional may result in incomplete representation and missed opportunities to gather valuable feedback and insights from the team. - **Option D (Ask the Scrum master to attend the workshops)**: While the Scrum master's presence is important, the input from all Scrum team members is valuable for a comprehensive understanding of the project's execution and outcomes. Therefore, option A is the correct answer as it emphasizes the importance of involving the Scrum team members in sharing their retrospectives during the lessons learned workshops. This approach ensures that the team's experiences and insights contribute to continuous improvement and future project success. Ques on 64 A stakeholder informs the project manager about a few compliance-related gaps and issues. The stakeholder then presents several suggestions to the project manager to address the issues. What should the project manager do? Answer A. Use the compliance issues to identify coaching and mentoring opportunities. B. Log the feedback from the compliance gaps in the lessons learned register. C. Discuss the suggestions with the staff responsible for the compliance issues. D. Review this with the project sponsor to avoid compliance gaps and issues. Correct answer C Discuss the suggestions with the staff responsible for the compliance issues. Orange Restricted Feedback Explanation: Discuss the suggestions with the staff responsible for the compliance issues. Ques on 65 A software development project has been awarded to one of the many vendors. Your company and the vendor have agreed to build this project using the Waterfall Methodology. You decide to check with the progress regarding when development will start. The vendor informs you that the actual development can only start after the completion of the design. Which type of relationship best describes the dependency between design and actual development? Answer A. Start-to-Start B. Finish-to-Finish C. Start-to-Finish D. Finish-to-Start Correct answer D Finish-to-Start Feedback Explanation: Finish-to-Start means that the Successor Activity cannot start without the Predecessor activity being completed. In this case, the Design is the Predecessor activity and Development is the Successor Activity. So, here Development (Successor Activity) cannot start without completion of Design (Predecessor Activity). Ques on 66 According to the project contract the delivery date is approaching. However, one important material is still not on site. The construction work will have to stop and wait for this special material, delaying the project. What should the project manager do? Answer A. Ask the client to help solve the problem B. Record it in the risk register Orange Restricted C. Engage the project team to look for alternatives to find a solution D. Start procuring this material from another supplier. Correct answer C Engage the project team to look for alternatives to find a solution Feedback Explanation: Engage the project team to look for alternatives to find a solution Ques on 67 During project execution, the client provided updated requirements, which apparently will only require a minor adjustment to the work breakdown structure (WBS). What should you do first? Answer A. Submit a change request to update the schedule baseline B. Submit a change request to update the scope baseline C. Deny the request as it represents scope creep D. Adjust the WBS as necessary as the change is minor Correct answer B Submit a change request to update the scope baseline Feedback Explanation: The WBS is a component of the scope baseline. An approved change request is required to update any of the project baselines including their components. Ques on 68 You are helping a software development team transition from traditional to Agile approaches. You tell the team that the single most important attribute of any product or feature is: Answer Orange Restricted A. The velocity at which the team takes on the development of that product or feature. B. The value customers associate with that product or feature. C. The ideal days estimated to develop the minimum viable product or feature. D. The time required to deliver the product or feature. Correct answer B The value customers associate with that product or feature. Feedback Explanation: A successful project, product or feature is the one that delivers value to the customer. Customers usually do not care how teams develop products, however they do care if the product delivers value to them or not. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 4] Ques on 69 Early in the establishment of the project, the project manager spends time looking for historical data that might be helpful in planning the new project. She is looking for examples of project documents in similar projects that have been completed that she might be able to use as templates for the new project. She is also looking for information about established processes and procedures that will help the project run more smoothly. What is the term used to define these? Answer A. Retrospective B. Organizational process assets (OPAs). C. Enterprise environmental factors (EEFs) D. Progressive elaboration Correct answer B Organizational process assets (OPAs). Feedback Explanation: templates, processes, and procedures are an example of Organizational process assets (OPAs). Orange Restricted Ques on 70 At the end of an agile project chartering session, a stakeholder asks the project manager when will be the first opportunity to view the team's progress on the development of the new application. Which scrum event should the project manager suggest to the stakeholder to attend? Answer A. Daily scrum meeting B. Sprint review meeting C. Sprint retrospective meeting. D. Sprint planning meeting Correct answer D Sprint review meeting Feedback Explanation: Sprint review meetings are intended for the team to demonstrate the product increment developed in the sprint and for the stakeholders to understand project progress and provide feedback that could influence the project work going forward. This answer choice best addresses the stakeholder's request. Agile Practice Guide, Page 55 Ques on 71 A project team is currently building a warehouse management system. Due to the complexity of the project and ambiguous requirements, the team decided to adopt an Agile management approach. If a higher rate of management process improvement is required by the project team, which of the following can help achieve this objective? Answer A. Deferring the development until all requirements have been collected. B. Adopting XP for the development phase. C. Using a Kanban board to enable visual management. D. Frequent retrospectives and selecting improvements. Correct answer D Frequent retrospectives and selecting improvements. Feedback Orange Restricted Explanation: Deferring the development until the design is complete is a waterfall approach. Using a Kanban board can help managing the work but frequent retrospectives can really facilitate process improvement by allowing the team to brainstorm on what went well and what went wrong. [Agile Practice Guide, 1st edition, Page 32] Ques on 72 You know that the success of your project will be determined by how well you manage risks. You know that identifying risks upfront can help you be better prepared with risk response strategies. You discuss and consult with other project managers in the company. One manager suggests the usage of SWOT to identify risks.. What would you do next as a part of this technique? Answer A. Gather team members and experts together and discuss to identify risks B. Perform root cause analysis to identify problems, their cause, and potential response C. Gather anonymous responses from experts and identify risks D. Identify the Organization's strengths and weaknesses Correct answer D Identify the Organization's strengths and weaknesses Feedback Explanation: SWOT involves identification of the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. This technique then identifies the threats due to the organization's weakness as well as opportunities due to the organization's strengths. So, option (Identify the Organization's strengths and weaknesses) is the correct answer. Ques on 73 Several team members seem disinterested in the daily standup meeting and are carrying on a side conversation. What should the agile coach do first? A. Let the team uphold its own ground rules B. Stop the meeting and dismiss the participants C. Inform their functional managers after the meeting D. Ignore the issue and let the meeting continue Orange Restricted Correct Answer A Correct Answer: A. Let the team uphold its own ground rules Here’s why option A is the correct answer: - **Team Ownership**: Agile methodologies emphasize self-organization and accountability within the team. Daily standup meetings are meant to be brief, focused sessions where team members share updates, discuss progress, and identify any obstacles. - **Ground Rules**: Most Agile teams establish ground rules or norms for their meetings to ensure they are effective and respectful. These rules typically include guidelines for participation, such as being present, listening attentively, and avoiding side conversations. - **Agile Coach's Role**: The Agile coach should first allow the team the opportunity to uphold its own ground rules. This involves gently reminding team members of the agreed-upon norms for the standup meeting. By empowering the team to self-regulate, the coach encourages accountability and ownership among team members. Options B, C, and D are less appropriate: - **Option B (Stop the meeting and dismiss the participants)**: Dismissing participants abruptly may escalate the situation unnecessarily and disrupt the flow of the meeting. It does not promote team collaboration or address the underlying issue of disinterest. - **Option C (Inform their functional managers after the meeting)**: Involving functional managers should be considered if the issue persists despite efforts to resolve it internally. However, it should not be the first step unless the team is unable to resolve the issue on their own. - **Option D (Ignore the issue and let the meeting continue)**: Ignoring disinterest and side conversations undermines the purpose of the standup meeting and may lead to further disengagement and inefficiencies. Therefore, option A is the correct answer as it aligns with Agile principles of self-organization and allows the team to address and reinforce their own ground rules during the daily standup meeting, promoting a productive and collaborative environment. Ques on 74 You are a project manager in a manufacturing company. You want to analyze the output of a production line that manufactures piston rings. You want to determine whether the variations Orange Restricted in the jobs are inherent to the process or if the process is in need of adjustment. Which of the following tools would be most useful? Answer A. Pareto charts B. Control charts C. Statistical sampling D. Trend analysis Correct answer B Control charts Feedback Explanation: Control charts are a graphical display of the results over time of a process. They are used to determine if the process is in control or in need of adjustment. Control charts are used to determine whether or not a process is stable or has predictable performance. [PMBOK 6th edition, Page 304] Ques on 75 The Project Manager to build a concrete waterfall at a theme park likes to plan everything upfront and follow the waterfall method. However, the customer doesn't want everything fixed from the beginning, as she may change her mind in a number of areas once the project is underway, and needs to be sure that the Project Manager can allow for flow-on effects. What sort of project life cycle should the Project Manager use? Answer A. Tacit B. Explicit C. Adaptive D. Predictive Correct answer C Adaptive Feedback Orange Restricted Explanation: Explan

PMP Final Exam No. 2 PDF

Document Details

Tags

Related

Summary

Full Transcript

Upgrade to continue