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# Aristotelian Ethical Virtues (Character Virtues) Aristotle's concept of ethical virtues (character virtues) involves achieving the "golden mean" between two extremes. | Too Much (Negative Extreme) | Virtue (Middle Ground) | Too Little (Positive Extreme) | |---|---|---| | Wastefulness (Excessive...

# Aristotelian Ethical Virtues (Character Virtues) Aristotle's concept of ethical virtues (character virtues) involves achieving the "golden mean" between two extremes. | Too Much (Negative Extreme) | Virtue (Middle Ground) | Too Little (Positive Extreme) | |---|---|---| | Wastefulness (Excessive Expenditure) | Generosity | Stinginess | | Arrogance (Excessive Self-Esteem) | Self-Control | Self-Humiliation | | Extravagance (Excessive Pleasure Seeking) | Magnificence | Stinginess | Definition of Virtue & Relationship to Us # Plato's Three Souls * Reason + Courage + Moderation → Soul (parts) * Wisdom = Practical Judgment (parts) * Courage = Strongness (parts) * Moderation = Restraint (parts) # Duty vs. Inclination 7. Act only according to that maxim whereby you can, at the same time, will that it should become a universal law. ≠ Golden Rule (personal preferences are not objective) Morally good action * Acting from duty = morally good * Acting from good will = morally good Deontological Ethics = Duty-based ethics → (duty based) = The Good * Hypothetical Imperative = If...then... relationship. * Action from duty → Action from good will, also from good intentions. Actions are moral/good because they stem from moral reasons. Acting from duty → acting from good will → morally good. Acting from inclination → acting from personal preferences → morally neutral Acting from duty → morally good? $ (6) = 0.95, 4 = 39,46 $ $ d) = 1 - (5) = 0.995 \cdot 0.0015 = 0.00142 = 0.2 % $