Biochemistry MC2: Cell Structure and Function Cell Membrane PDF

MARY CHILES COLLEGE Biochemistry MC2 Biochemistry for Health Care Providers Presented by RR REYES  MARY CHILES COLLEGE CELL Structure and composition, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell, cell membrane Object...

MARY CHILES COLLEGE Biochemistry MC2 Biochemistry for Health Care Providers Presented by RR REYES  MARY CHILES COLLEGE CELL Structure and composition, Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell, cell membrane Objective: To determine the parts and functions of a cell. To discuss the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. To explain the phospholipid bilayer structure, its components, and its fluid mosaic model.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE What is a CELL?  MARY CHILES COLLEGE Cell  MARY CHILES COLLEGE CELL A cell is the smallest unit of life that can perform all the functions necessary for life. It is the building block of all living organisms, from single-celled bacteria to complex multicellular animals and plants. There are two main types of cells: Prokaryotic Cells and Eukaryotic Cells  MARY CHILES COLLEGE NUCLEUS The control center of the cell. It contains the DNA.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM A network of membrane-bound sacs involved in protein synthesis and lipid synthesis. GOLGI MARY CHILES COLLEGE APPARATUS A stack of flattened sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE LYSOSOMES Organelles that contain enzymes that break down waste materials.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE PEROXISOME They are organelles involved in various metabolic processes, including the breakdown of fatty acids and the detoxification of harmful substances. Catalase and peroxidase are the enzymes present in peroxisomes that will destroy the unwanted peroxides and other free radicals.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE MITOCHONDRIA The "powerhouses" of the cell, responsible for producing energy through cellular respiration  MARY CHILES COLLEGE CELL MEMBRANE A semi-permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE Prokaryote vs Eukaryote  MARY CHILES COLLEGE PROKARYOTES Prokaryotic cells are unicellular organisms without a nuclear membrane. Certain cell organelles like mictochondria, lysosomes are absent in prokaryotes.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE EUKARYOTES Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus enclosed within the nuclear membrane and form large and complex organisms.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS OF CELL MEMBRANE MARY CHILES COLLEGE  MARY CHILES COLLEGE Cell Membrane The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin, flexible barrier that separates the cell from the environment. The plasma membrane separates the intracellular space, known as the cytoplasm, from the environment and helps keep the cell in homeostasis. The cell membrane is held in place by the cytoskeleton (Campbell, 2017). The cell membrane has two functions: first, to be a barrier keeping the constituents of the cell in and unwanted substances out and, second, to be a gate allowing transport into the cell of essential nutrients and movement from the cell of waste products.  MARY CHILES COLLEGE Cell Membrane  MARY CHILES COLLEGE Cell Membrane All of the lipid molecules in cell membranes are amphipathic (or amphiphilic)—that is, they have a hydrophilic (“water-loving”) or polar end and a hydrophobic (“water-fearing”) or nonpolar end. Other components of the phospholipid bilayer are cholesterol and glycolipids. The cholesterol molecules enhance the permeability-barrier properties of the lipid bilayer. MARY CHILES COLLEGE MARY CHILES COLLEGE  MARY CHILES COLLEGE Activity 2 OSMOSIS and DIFFUSION REPORT: Selective toxicity of antibiotics: Explain how antibiotics target bacterial cell membranes to disrupt their functions.