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# Literary Instruments This document discusses various literary instruments, including rhythm, verse, stanza, poetic figures, and types of literature. ## Rhythm and Verse * **Rhythm:** The regular alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in a verse. * **Verse:** A line of poetry that adhe...

# Literary Instruments This document discusses various literary instruments, including rhythm, verse, stanza, poetic figures, and types of literature. ## Rhythm and Verse * **Rhythm:** The regular alternation of stressed and unstressed syllables in a verse. * **Verse:** A line of poetry that adheres to a rhythm. A verse agrees with a sentence or part of one. The opposite case is a verse that extends beyond a sentence or part of one (overlap). * **Sonnet (znelka):** A 14-line poem with specific rhyme schemes and structure, often originating in ancient literature. It ends with a poignant conclusion. ## Metrical Units * **Foot (stopa):** A rhythmic unit within a verse. It is composed of stressed and unstressed syllables. * **Examples of Feet:** * **Dactyl:** ( _ U U) * **Trochee:** ( _ U) * **Iamb:** ( U _) ## Stanza (strofa) A group of verses separated from other groups. ## World Literature and Literary Property * **World Literature:** The complete body of literature across all nations. * **Shared Heritage:** This literature becomes shared property of humanity. ## Syllabic Verse System * **Syllabic Verse:** Poems with an equal number of syllables in each line. This style is particularly characteristic of the Romantic era. ## Literary Symbols * **Symbol:** A representation of an idea or concept through a recognizable object or image. * Example: Heart = love, Eagle = freedom, and the Tatras = Slovakia. ## Poetic Figures (Stylistic Figures) * **Word Figures (Slovné):** These figures use repetition of words. * **Anaphora:** Repetition of words or phrases at the beginning of successive verses. * **Epizeuxa:** Repetition of words immediately in sequence. * **Rhetorical Devices (rečnícke):** * **Rhetorical Question:** Questions posed by the author that don't require an answer. * **Rhetorical Exclamation:** Expressions that convey the author's feelings. * **Sound Devices (zvukové):** These figures involve repetition of sounds. * **Alliteration:** Repetition of consonant sounds. For example, Dunaj (Danube) flows. ## Literary Genres * **Television play:** A combination of visual and auditory media. * **Characteristics of television play:** * Focuses on dialogue and provides detailed character depictions. * Fewer characters but more intense portrayals. * **Tropes:** Transferring the meaning of a word or concept from one object to another. * **Examples of Tropes:** * **Epithet (básnický prívlastok):** Words that evoke feelings, e.g., heart-stirred. * **Metaphor:** Comparison between two unrelated objects, such as comparing a forest to a sea of trees. * **Personification:** Giving human-like traits to inhuman things. * **Metonymy:** Using a related item or concept to represent a person, action, or thing. * **Symbol:** Signifying an image that stands for a particular meaning. * **Literature Categories:** * **Lyric poetry (lyrika):** Poems that express emotions and feelings. * **Epic poetry (epika):** Poems that tell long stories. * **Drama (dráma):** Plays that contain dialogue. ## Variations and Prose Literature * **Variations:** Repeating themes or ideas with slight modifications. * **Prose Literature (vecná literatúra):** Works focused on factual information, accuracy, and precision, such as academic writings. * **Subcategories of Prose Literature:** * **Academic writings (odborná-veda):** Works focused on knowledge and detailed research.