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# Synthesis ## Risks and Societies: Are All Societies Equal? **1. A. Risks and Hazards:** - Natural Hazards: Examples include cyclones, floods, droughts, earthquakes (including tsunamis), and volcanism. - Human-induced Hazards: Technological risks (pollution, industrial explosions, gas leaks, dam...
# Synthesis ## Risks and Societies: Are All Societies Equal? **1. A. Risks and Hazards:** - Natural Hazards: Examples include cyclones, floods, droughts, earthquakes (including tsunamis), and volcanism. - Human-induced Hazards: Technological risks (pollution, industrial explosions, gas leaks, dam ruptures), accidental hazards (industrial explosions, nuclear incidents). - Locations with High Risk: Coastal areas, South America, South Asia (Pacific, Caribbean, Mediterranean). - Increased Frequency and Intensity: Climate change is increasing frequency and intensity of climate-related hazards. - Urbanization, industrialization, and transport increase exposure to risks. **Analysis:** Vulnerabilities differ between societies. A disaster in a poor, developing country will often have more severe consequences than in a developed country. Lack of disaster preparedness, inadequate policies, and a lack of understanding of risks increase vulnerability. Countries with high populations and weak infrastructure are particularly vulnerable. ## Case Study: Bangladesh **B. Case Study: Bangladesh** - Located in South Asia, at the foot of the Himalayas, and in the Bay of Bengal. - Low-lying delta region, with less than 10 meters/altitude. - Fertile floodplains, but prone to flooding during monsoon season due to river overflows. - High Population Density: Over 1,500 people per square kilometer. - Hazards: Cyclones, rising sea levels, flooding from rivers, soil salinity, and monsoon-related floods. - Climate Change Impacts: Climate change is increasing the volume of water from rainfall during monsoon season as well as the glacial melt in the Himalaya, increasing the risk of flooding. - Displacement and Migration: Bangladesh's populations are being forced to leave land due to continuous flooding and the hazards it brings. This results in the large increase of shantytowns in Dacca. **Conclusive Summary:** The changes in the climate are putting pressures on the population of Bangladesh, who are displaced in response to increasing flood risks. This leads to an increase in shanty towns and cities.