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# Biology ## Cell Structure **Both:** * **Cell membrane:** outer layer, semi-permeable, controls what enters and exits the cell * **Cytoplasm:** suspends organelles, structure * **Ribosomes:** synthesizes proteins * **SER:** synthesizes lipids, breaks down proteins * **RER:** transports proteins...

# Biology ## Cell Structure **Both:** * **Cell membrane:** outer layer, semi-permeable, controls what enters and exits the cell * **Cytoplasm:** suspends organelles, structure * **Ribosomes:** synthesizes proteins * **SER:** synthesizes lipids, breaks down proteins * **RER:** transports proteins made by ribosomes, contains ribosomes. * **Golgi apparatus:** sorts and packs finished molecules into vesicles * **Lysosomes:** uses enzymes to break down molecules * **Mitochondria:** makes usable energy through cellular respiration * **Vacuole:** Animal cells = many small vacuoles, storage. Plant cells = large, storage. * **Nucleus:** protects DNA, stores DNA * **Nuclear membrane:** controls what goes in and out of the nucleus, protects DNA * **Nucleolus:** creates ribosomes **Plant:** * **Cell wall:** protects plant, outer layer, structure * **Chloroplast:** creates chemical potential energy through photosynthesis. **Animals:** * **Centrioles:** produces microtubule protein used to make spindle fibers. ## Cell Cycle & Mitosis **Interphase:** preparation for cell division * **G1:** growth and preparation * Nutrients are gathered, new proteins and organelles are produced for cell division * **S:** DNA is replicated * DNA is replicated, proteins associated with chromosomes are produced * **G2:** final preparation * Organelles and structures needed for mitosis are produced **90% of time is in interphase.**