Pest Control Products PDF

describe some products used for mold remediation: halogens are powerful oxidizing agents that kill by "burning" the cell membranes of micro- organisms such as molds and bacteria. quaternary ammonium (quats) are used on surfaces. phenolics are used to treat equipment and surfaces define the term "fo...

describe some products used for mold remediation: halogens are powerful oxidizing agents that kill by "burning" the cell membranes of micro- organisms such as molds and bacteria. quaternary ammonium (quats) are used on surfaces. phenolics are used to treat equipment and surfaces define the term "formulation" and describe the function of inert ingredients: the mixture of acute and inert ingredients. inert ingredients do not possess pesticidal activity but are added to improve application effectiveness, safety, handling, storage or other characteristics of the final product explain why there are different kinds of formulations and what items you need to consider when selecting one: the y are specialized pesticides and are more effective in certain formulations. ask if the intended use listed is on the product label, if you have the necessary application equipment, can the formulation be applied appropriately under the conditions in the application area, will the formulation reach the intended target and stay in place long enough to control the pest, is it likely to damage the surface, could I choose a less hazardous formulation that would still be as effective emulsifiable concentrates (EC): advantages: easy to handle, transport, store, pour and measure, little agitation required, not abrasive, leave little visible residue on treated surfaces. disadvantages: high concentration of active ingredients makes it easy to overdose or undergoes through mixing or calibration errors, may damage treated surfaces, easily absorbed through skins, splashes and spills are difficult to clean, strong odor, corrosive to application equipment, flammable wettable powders (WP): advantages: easy to store, transport, handle, less likely to harm treated plants, animals, and surfaces, not phytotoxic, less risk of skin and eye absorption. disadvantages: must be weighed, not easy to mix, inhalation hazard, suspended particles require good and constant agitation in the spray tank, abrasive to pumps and nozzles flowables (F or AF): advantages: low exposure risk, not phytotoxic, seldom clog nozzles, splashed are less likely than with other liquid formulations. disadvantages: need shaking before measuring an mixing, containers may be difficult to rinse, require moderate agitation, may be abrasive to application equipment, may leave a visible residue on treated surfaces ready-to-use or predicted sprays: advantages: neither measuring nor mixing is require, some are packaged and sold in-or with-an application device, less personal exposure risk. disadvantages: limited availability, high cost per unit of active ingredient pastes, gels, and other injectable baits: advantages: odorless, low human toxicity, lasts for a long period, low applicator exposure risk, minimize human and pet exposure, very accurate in their placement and dosage, easily placed where insects shelter for maximum effectiveness. disadvantages: become contaminated from exposure to other pesticides and cleaning products, when exposed to high temperature, gels can run and drip, may stain porous surfaces, repeated applications can cause an unsightly buildup dusts: advantages: usua lly ready-to-use, good alternative where moisture from a spray might cause damage, applied with simple application equipment. disadvantages: easily drift off target during application, may irritate eyes, nose, throat, and skin and pose a relatively high inhalation exposure risk to handlers and treated animals, dampness may cause product to clump, difficult to get an even distribution of particles solid baits: advantages : ready-to-use, entire area need not be covered because pests go to bait, control pests that move in and out of an area. disadvantages: may be attractive to children and pets, may kill domestic animals and non target wildlife, require careful placement and inspection, pest may prefer other food to the bait, dead vertebrate pests may cause odor problems, identify the health concerns associated with different formulations: describe the advantages of using poisonous baits and how to prevent non target animals from being exposed to them: identify the most prominent federal pesticide law and which agency oversees it: Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), regulates the production, transportation, sale, use, and disposal of pesticides describe what is involved in the registration of pesticides: EPA is responsible for registering or authorizing pesticide products for sale, distribution, and use in the United States. a label bust include specific information on how to properly use the pesticide explain why some products are classified restricted-use and who may use such products: if the benefits of a pesticide's use will outweigh the risks only when trained persons use the pesticide explain the significance when state and federal laws differ and identify which law takes precedence: state laws can be more strict than federal laws, but cannot be more lenient private applicator: use pesticides for the purpose of producing an agricultural commodity and the applications occur on land owned or rented by you or your employer commercial applicator for-hire: use pesticides on a contract basis -meaning- you get paid by a third-party to make pesticide applications on someone else's property commercial applicator not-for-hire: use pesticides only to sites that you or your employer controls and do not contract out your pesticide application services list the certification and licensing requirements for commercial applicators: need to pass a written exam that tests your practical knowledge and competency in each category and is given by DATCP personnel explain who must keep records of pesticide applications and for how long records must be kept: any commercial ap plicator for-hire, or anyone using a RUP must keep a record of all pesticide applications and must keep it on file for at least 2 years list the information that must be part of a pesticide application record: first and last name, address, specific site treated, full date and approximate starting and ending times of applications, product name and the EPA registration number, quantity of pesticide used, each location where the pesticides was mixed and loaded summarize some of the rules involving the transportation of pesticides: receive hazardous material training carry emergency response information in your vehicle, carry shipping papers in your vehicle, placard your vehicle, or have a commercial driver's license (CDL) explain how to know when you need to follow transportation rules: check the "transport" and "regulatory information" section of the SDS sheet explain when you need a permit to control mammals and birds: describe the main purpose of a pesticide label and it's legal implications for an applicator: it is the main method of communication between pesticide manufacturers and applicators. it is a legally binding document that you must follow describe the difference between the terms "labels" and "labeling": label is the information printed on or attached to the pesticide container itself. labeling includes the label itself plus all other information about the product referenced on the label and given when you buy the product list the 5 times when you should read the relevant parts of a label: before you buy, before you store, before you mix and use, before you clean pesticide application equipment, and before you dispose of the product and/or its container outline the kinds of information you can find on a label: restricted-use statement, trade name, ingredient statement, net contents, inert ingredients, safety information, signal words, EPA reregistration number list the signal words that you may find on a pesticide label: danger-poison, danger, warning, caution define what a signal word is and how it relates to the relative toxicity of a pesticide: indicates the relative acute toxicity of the product to humans and animals. list the 4 ways you may legally deviate from label directions: applying a pesticide at a lower rate, concentration, or frequency than that specified on the label, applying a pesticide against any target pest not specified on the label if the application is to the site specified on the label, using any method of application not prohibited by the label, or mixing two or more pesticides, or mixing a pesticide with a fertilizer when such mixture is not mentioned by the label explain what to do if state laws are more strict than label directions: you must know Wisconsin's laws that govern pesticide use and follow it explain which directions you should follow when a product's label has changed: use the product according to the label that came with it compare the types of information you can find on a pesticide label and its SDS sheet: the SDS contains more detailed and technical information than the label about the product's chemical and physical properties, toxicological and ecological information, first- aid procedures, and emergency response the label and supplemental labeling are what: legally binding documents risk: the chances of be ing harmed by a pesticide. Risk = toxicity X exposure toxicity: a measure of the ability of a pesticide to cause short-term injury exposure: when you get in contact with pesticides distinguish between, and give examples of, local effects and systemic effects of pesticides: local effects are those that occur at the area of contact with skin, eyes, or respiratory tract. systemic or system-wide effects if absorbed and circulated throughout your body list the four routes that pesticides can enter your body: dermal, oral, inhalation, and eye give examples of work habits that lead to pesticide exposure via these four routes: not wearing protective clothing, not washing hands, rubbing eyes, not wearing eye protection, drinking form unlabeled containers containing pesticide, handling dusts or powders, being exposed to spray or dust drift explain how a pesticide's formulation, and body part exposed, affects how much pesticide is absorbed through the skin: your skin absorbs oil-based formulations most easily, other can be absorbed through cuts and scrapes as well. areas that are moist tend to absorb more quickly as well compare and explain the difference between acute and delayed effects: acute effects of pesticides are more well known and easier to study than delayed effects because it is easier to correlate wympotmos that happen soon after an exposure than it is to figure it out over a period of time describe the relationship between a pesticide's toxiciy and its LD50 and/or LC50: LD50 is the amount of chemical that kills 50% of the test animals. LC50 is the amount of concentration that is lethal when mixed with air in various concentrations describe how pesticides are assigned to toxicity categories and given signal words: they are labeled a signal word based on the highest measured toxicity. these signal words are danger-poison, danger, warning, and caution describe some of the general symptoms of pesticide exposure: fatigue, headache, weakness, dizziness, restlessness, nervousness, blurring vision, excessive saliva and /or perspiration, stomach cramps, unable to walk, trembling, muscle twitches, fever, intense thirst, unconsciousness, pinpoint pupils explain how PPE reduces the hazard associated with pesticide use: it reduces your dermal, inhalation, and eye exposure by covering them with protective equipment list precautions you should take in addition to wearing PPE to reduce our exposure to pesticides: never eat, drink, or smoke while handling pesticides, wash your hands after handling pesticides, take a shower at the end of the work day, use common sense explain who is covered by the Hazard Communications Standard: employees who handle or use hazardous chemicals in the workplace list the features of effective PPE: chemical resistant, resistant to punctures or tears under normal conditions of use, well sealed at seams, and comfortable enough that people will accept it recognize that no material is resistant to all chemicals, and that some are not resistant to any: outline how to properly use PPE such as work clothes, spray suits, and eye protection: at a minimum, wear a long-sleeved shirt, long trousers, shoes, and socks. spray suits provide an added measure of protection because they are chemical resistant, wear tightly fitting, non-fogging protective eyewear describe the types of gloves to wear when handling pesticides and how to wear them: unlined, chemical-resistant gloves, some love materials may provide hand protection for only a fw minutes like disposable, single-use gloves discuss and describe the common types of respirators you might use: there are two types: air-purifying and air-supplying. air-purifying filters the available contaminated air around you and don't supply oxygen or protect you from fumigants describe how to wash, and when to discard, PPE: when outdoors shake pesticide dust or granules from your clothing, prepense clothing by presoaking it in a suitable container, wash clothing separately from family clothing, was clothes in hot water to more thoroughly remove pesticides, drain the was water, check wet clothes for visible staining, line dry clothing. if it is saturated with pesticide you must discard explain when you should assume that a pesticide exposure has occurred: when you physically see it on you, also when you start seeing some symptoms of exposure. list the types of information on labels and SDSs that can help you respond to a pesticide exposure: list of sympt oms that ill help you recognize and respond to poisoning, emergency contact numbers and information for doctors and first responders, general and specific first aid measures to take in case of an exposure outline when medical attention is warranted: exhibits any illness while, or soon after, working with pesticides or in a treat area, has swallowed a pesticide, has gotten a pesticide in their eyes, or exhibit symptoms of poisoning or injury following dermal or inhalation exposure describe the proper actions to take when a victim needs medical attention: check the label and SDS for an emergency numbers and specific directions for doctors. let the staff at the medical facility know what pesticides are frequently used in your work. anyone can call a poison control center at any hour first aid procedures dermal: remove contaminated clothing, drench skin with water, wash skin, hair, and fingernails thoroughly with soap and water, gently dry the affected area and wrap it in loose cloth, if the skin has first aid procedures inhalation: get fresh air immediately, do not attempt to rescue if contaminated, lie down and loosen tight clothing, if breathing stopped, give artificial respiration, keep the person warm and quiet, protect the victim's head first aid procedures eye exposure: hold eyelids open and wash eyes with drips of clean water, do not use medications in the wash water: use pure water, drip water across the eye, continually rinse for 15 minutes, flush under the eyelid with water to remove debris, cover the eye with a clean piece of cloth and seek medical attention immediately describe the guidelines for inducing vomiting after an oral exposure: make sure the person is kneeling forward or lying on their side, collect some of the vomitus for the doctor, give the person at least two glasses of water, put your finger or the blunt end of a spoon at the back of the person's throat explain how to recognize and respond to shock: the victim's skin will be pale, moist, cold, and clammy and their eyes will be vacant and lackluster with dilated pupils, breathing will be shallow and irregular and pulse very weak, rapid, and irregular. unless the person is vomiting, keep the victim flat on their back and elevate their legs 1 to 1 and a half feet above the head, keep the victim warm enough to prevent shivering, do not overheat. keep the victim quiet and give reassurance often. never try to give anything by mouth list some benefits of having a proper storage area for your pesticides: limit access, allow better inventory control, protect people from exposure, reduce the chance of environmental contamination, prevent damage to pesticides from temperature extremes and excess moisture, safeguard pesticides from theft, vandalism, and unauthorized use, and allow fire departments to know the locations of products list steps to take to restrict access to pesticides: keep it locked when not in use, post warning signs describe what you can and cannot store in a pesticide storage facility: store only pesticide containers, equipment, and spill cleanup kit. keep food, drink, tobacco, feed, medication, medical or veterinary supplies, seed, clothing, and PPE out of the storage location outline some of the features of a proper pesticide storage facility: store pesticides on raised pallets or on shelves to prevent water and condensation from damaging pesticide containers, maintain a constant temperature, never store near any heat source, make sure the area is well lit, use flooring that is easy to clean if spilled, keep the area well ventilated list the precautions you should take before putting a pesticide into storage: read the storage statements on the label, check that the container is tightly sealed and undamaged and that the label in intact and legible describe how to arrange pesticides in storage to protect the products and containers: separate pesticides by type within the storage area, isolate volatile pesticides so their vapors will not contaminate other products describe the short-term storage of pesticides at a mixing and loading or application site: you must cover, secure and/or guard pesticides and containers that you temporarily hold at a mixing and loading or application site explain what would trigger you to comply with the pesticide bulk storage rule (ATCP33): if you have bulk pesticide which is defined as liquid pesticides in containers larger than 55 gallons or solid pesticides in undivided quantities greater than 100 pounds explain why mixing and loading pesticides poses a significant hazard to the environment and the people who perform these tasks: when you are mixing and loading a pesticide, you are handling it at its most concentrated form specify where you may never mix, load or clean application equipment with respect to wells or surface water: you mayor never mix or load within 8 feet of a well or surface water to prevent contamination explain when you would need to perform the above tasks over a spill containment surface (also called a mixing and loading pad): if you do not meet the exemptions (only into application equipment having a tattle capacity of 5 gallons or less of liquid pesticide, or 50 pounds or less of non liquid pesticide, or is immediately adjacent to the pesticide application site, provided you do so further than 100 feet from a well or surface water, Wisconsin law requires you to use an impervious spill containment surface describe steps you can take to minimize your exposure to pesticides when mixing and loading: wear PPE that is listed of the product label, if there isn't any, at least wear gloves and protective eyewear. have a supply of clean water and soap in hand describe precautions you must take to protect the water supply when mixing and loading: leave an air gap between the water supply and the container, avoid overflow, never leave equipment unattended, run water through the hose for the clean water for 30 seconds to a minute describe how to properly rinse pesticide containers and list the benefits of doing so: triple rinse the container: fill jug 10-20% full of water, replace cap securely and shake, drain into spray tank and repeat describe what can happen if you mix two pesticides together: the products are incompatible define when pesticide becomes waste and who is responsible for disposing of it: when it has served its originally intended purpose or you intend to discard list steps you can take to reduce the amount of pesticide waste you generate: solid waste: solid wast e are any discarded or abandoned materials, can be solid, liquid, semi-solid, or containerized gaseous material hazardous waste: pestic ide waste that significantly contributes to an increase in human health problems or poses substantial hazards to the environment if improperly managed. can be disposed of only in licensed hazardous waste management facilities specify which type of pesticide waste you may dispose of in a sanitary landfill: solid waste explain why landfill operators may refuse to accept certain pesticide wastes: if wastes in a landfill are found to be causing environmental or human health problems describe your options for disposing of pesticide containers and other solid wastes: contact a commercial, hazardous waste hauler for a pickup at your business location and through the Wisconsin Clean Sweep program explain how to deal with leftover liquid pesticides, unwanted, banned or unidentified pesticides and other pesticide solid waste: you can use vermiculite, absorptive clay, commercial absorbents, or cat litter to solidify liquid wastes. for best results, liquid chemical can be poured into lined or secured larger containers before adding or mixing absorbent materials outline the criteria for a chemical to be classified as "hazardous": either it has been found to pose a hazard to humans or the environment or the waste exhibits certain hazardous properties list your options for disposing of hazardous waste: put them in hazardous waste storage until disposal, triple rinse the containers, mark all containers with hazardous waste labels explain your liability for disposing of hazardous waste: your are responsible for the safe cradle-to-grave management of the hazardous waste, which includes verifying that hazardous wastes are packaged, stored, transported, and disposed of in compliance with RCRA and DOT regulations explain the importance of emergency planning: it can help protect the health and welfare of employees and the community, minimize environmental damage, and potentially reduce your liability in the event of an accident explain what triggers your need to comply with emergency planning and Community Right- to-Know reporting requirements: if you use or store any listed substance in a quantity at or greater than its threshold planning quantities describe who you must report to if you do need to comply with these requirements: you must contact the Wisconsin Emergency Management agency and your Local Emergency Planning Committee list the main features of a facility site plan: substances used and stored at your facility, phone numbers of emergency response personnel, and a sketch of your facility showing the location of chemical and fuel storage areas define what constitutes a spill: release of a compound into the environment in any manner other than its intended use list the agencies that you may need to report a spill to: Wisconsin spill hotline, National Response Center, LEPC and DATCP describe some of the conditions where you would need to report a spill: is the spill confined within secondary containment? does the spill pose a risk to people and/or the environment? is the spill exempt from the reporting requirements in NR706? list the "3 Cs" of spill management: control, contain, clean up explain in more detail what to do in each of the 3 Cs stages: control: immediately after the spill occurs, take steps to prevent further release of the material if possible and feasible. contain: at the same time the leak is being controlled, contain the spilled material in as small an area as possible. clean up: follow guidelines to clean up spill describe the type of assistance state agencies will provide for a spill event: they can provide technical guidance from the DNR and DATCP will assist in containment and cleanup activities describe why tolerances are set, what can happen if they are exceeded, and what steps you can take to prevent the occurrence of excessive pesticide residues: to prevent the occurrence of excessive pesticide residues, if they are exceeded then they may be canceled. use pesticides only when necessary, follow label directions, and calibrate equipment so that you apply the proper amount of pesticide describe the concerns and limitations about pesticide use where food is present or handled: contamination of food, utensils, or surfaces with which food comes into contact can cause human poisonings. do not apply to surfaces in food-handling areas, directly to food or when foods are exposed list steps you can take to protect people and pets when you apply pesticides: keep them away from the application site and from equipment and containers describe when, in what for, and to whom you must provide notice of residential and nonresidential pesticide applications: you should inform the customer before and after an application is done. if it is a residential area you mush provide information to the resident by posting clear legible notices in the common entryways explain why posting of treated sites is required: to reduce the risk of exposure and to inform residents when was used identify who must comply with posting requirements: identify who is responsible for posting the site: you, or if it is residential, the landlord describe what types of signs may need to be posted: restricted-entry interval which shows the prescribed time for the application you will be doing. flow charts describe and explain the restrictions on pyrethroid sprays made to the outside of structures: treatment t o soil or vegetation around structures, applications to lawns, turf, and other vegetations, applications to the side of a building, up to a maximum or 3 feet above grade; applications to underside of eaves or soffits, doors and windows, protected from rainfall list some of the key ideas and goals of Integrated Pest Management: it is an ecological approach to pest management that combines all available necessary techniques into a unified program. the goal is to manage pest populations in a way that avoids economic damage and minimizes adverse side effects list some of the benefits of IPM: helps preserve a balanced ecosystem, can save money, pesticides may be ineffective, promotes a healthy environment, helps maintain a good public image describe some features of, and how to use, a hydraulic sprayer: is helps deliver the proper rate of chemical uniformly over the target area list things you need to consider when using a backpack sprayer: the top of the tank is not water tight, if you bend over while wearing it, pesticide can come out, creating a spill and exposing you to pesticide. be cautious because your center of gravity is higher, always place some water in the tank before adding the pesticide concentrate, never leave it unattended list precautions you should take, including those to prevent explosions, when working with thermal-fog generators, cold-fog generators, and misters: shut off all pilot lights at the main gas valve before treatment, never turn electric switches on or off while fog is in the air, only experienced operators trained in its safe use should use this equipment list some advantages and disadvantages of ULV applications: advantages: very effective against flying insects and provides good flushing action for cockroaches. disadvantages: poor residual, a chemical residue or slick if over-sprayed, poor results in ventilated areas, and a certain degree of fire hazard distinguish between the different types of dusters and describe their main uses: hand bellows and bulb duster are used where small quantities, careful placement, and neatness are important, and simple bulb duster. hand plungers are used outdoors in rodent burrows or treating crawl spaces or attics list precautions you should take whenever you use dusters: wear an approved respirator and goggles in enclosed areas such as attics; turn off smoke alarms, pilot lights, and flame or spark producing equipment, know whether the dust you're using can be applied to damp places, avoid applications where dusts may filter down into food or living areas, reduce air currents in the treatment area describe the main purpose of mold remediation: cleaning up a mold and/or moisture problem explain the purpose and importance of calibration: ensure that your equipment delivers the correct rate of pesticide uniformly to the target site list what variables affect the spray rate and how they do so: the nozzle flow rate (output) and your speed (the time the nozzle is kept on the target site) identify the 3 controlling factors that determine a uniform application when making a backpack application on a percentage basis: nozzle size, the pressure used, and the time the nozzle is kept on the target area outline the steps needed to make an application on a per area basis with a backpack sprayer: measure a suit able test area, fill the sprayer with water to a level that is easily reigned, spray the pre-measured area using the same nozzle, pressure, and style that you will use when applying the pesticide, refill the tank to the original water lever, record the volume, determine your spray rate (fluid ounces used in (#) square feet x volume)/ (128 fluid ounces/gallon) = gallons per 1,000 square feet list ways that a pesticide can move from the site of application: volatilize (turn into a gas), be rinsed off a treated surface and enter the soil, be carried laterally by runoff or soil erosion, leach through the soil define overspray and drift and explain Wisconsin's regulations regarding overspray and drift: overspray is the application of pesticide beyond the boundaries of the target area. drift is movement of pesticide in air currents or by diffusion onto property beyond the boundaries of the target area. significant pesticide drift is considered negligent and you can be prosecuted for the results of drift that goes off-site solubility: a measure o f how easily a chemical will dissolve in a solve, usually water. pesticides that are highly soluble in water dissolve easily and are more likely to move with water in surface runoff adsorption: pesticides that are strongly adsorbed are less likely to be carried from the treated area by water runoff or to each through the soil into the groundwater volatility: the measure of its tendency to turn into a vapor or gas. increases as the temperature and wind increase persistence: measure of how long a pesticide remains in an active form in the environment degradation: the proces s when pesticides break down into simpler, and often less toxic compounds explain ways that pesticides can end up in animals (including humans): bioaccumulation: when the body accumulates pesticides in the body, particularly in fat tissue. biomagnification: occurs when the level of a pesticide builds up through the food chain. bioaccumulation occurs in one particular orangish, while biomagnification occurs across a series of organisms explain how pesticides can get into surface or groundwater: spilled pesticides can be carried or leach down to groundwater along with water moving through the soil. once a contaminant reaches the water table, it will flow with the groundwater, although not necessarily at the same rate because some compounds interact with the soils and rocks point source pollution: comes from a specific, identifiable place non-point source pollution: comes from a widespread area like runoff, seepage, and leaching from areas of applications outline how pesticide characteristics and site conditions effect the movement of pesticides: list some management practices that help prevent contamination of surface and groundwater: securing p esticide containers in the back of a vehicle to prevent spills, soaring pesticides over an impermeable floor and checking frequently for damaged containers, storing bulk pesticides in secondary containment, mixing or loading pesticides only over an impermeable bad, using an air gap or back flow protection device to protect water supply, disposing of pesticide was properly describe the common ways that non target plants and animals become exposed to pesticides and how to prevent or minimize such exposure: when their food or water are contaminated or when pets are allowed in the treated area before the REI describe how a pet's prior treatment with a pesticide can affect its susceptibility to poisoning following a pesticide application: pesticides you apply around the home could cause poisoning because of additional exposure describe the kinds of impacts pesticides can have on fish and wildlife: pesticides with longer persistence are a significantly greater hazard describe the impact that pesticide resistance can have on pest management: as resistance becomes more frequent in a pest population, the pesticide will be less effective and its continued use will only accelerate the problem describe how pesticide resistance arises in a pest population: few individuals can be naturally resistant to a particular pesticide, these individuals survive when we apply the pesticide and their offspring can inherit the resistance list the factors that influence the development of resistance in a pest population: there frequency of resistance in the pest population before you use the pesticide, the chemical diversity, the mode of action of the pesticide you use, persistence and frequency of use of the pesticide, the proportion of the population exposed to the pesticide, dilution of product in aquatic application, the length of the pest's life cycle list the 3 practices that are the foundation of resistance management: use an integrated pest management (IPM) program, use pesticides only when needed, and rotate pesticides with different modes of action