Lipids PDF

Lipids  Lipids Many different types of Lipids Waxes, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, steroids, fatty acids Saturated- contain only carbon-carbon single bonds Monounsaturated-contains one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) Polyunsaturated-conta...

Lipids  Lipids Many different types of Lipids Waxes, triacylglycerols, phospholipids, steroids, fatty acids Saturated- contain only carbon-carbon single bonds Monounsaturated-contains one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) Polyunsaturated-contains more than one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C)  Factors that effect melting point of Lipids Two Factors effect melting point of lipids Saturated Fatty acids have the highest melting points compared to unsaturated fatty acids (major factor) Number of carbon atoms-more carbon atoms lead to a higher melting point (minor factor) Fats-solids at room temperature (usually animal sources) Oils-liquids at room temperature (usually plant sources)  Soaps Long carbon chain carboxylic acid salts Long nonpolar tail Polar head Polar and nonpolar components help in cleansing action Soaps as cleansing agents Grease Non polar  Cell membranes Phospholipid bilayer Phospholipid-----similar in structure to a soap molecule but with a phosphate group instead of a carboxylic acid salt Outside of cell --------lots of water Protein channel Protein channel Inside of cell -------lots of water  Reactions Addition Reactions Some lipids have C=C Ester Reactions Forming Breakdown Lipids are often stored in animals as triglycerides which are an ester  Partial Hydrogenation SOME of the C=C will be hydrogenated to form C-C  Products will be the alcohol (glycerol) and 3 separate fatty acids. Acid-Base chemistry is still in play for the carboxylic acids…….which will determine whether the form will be the carboxylic acid or salt Triacylglycerol which is a component in animal fat Long carbon chain carboxylic acid which can be used as a soap