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# Cell Structure & Function **Unit 2:** 1. **SA:V Ratio Calculation** - A cube with a side of 3 cm has a surface area (SA) of 54 $cm^{2}$ and a volume (V) of 27 $cm^{3}$. - The SA:V ratio is 2:1. - As the cube grows larger, the SA:V ratio decreases. This means that the surface area grows...

# Cell Structure & Function **Unit 2:** 1. **SA:V Ratio Calculation** - A cube with a side of 3 cm has a surface area (SA) of 54 $cm^{2}$ and a volume (V) of 27 $cm^{3}$. - The SA:V ratio is 2:1. - As the cube grows larger, the SA:V ratio decreases. This means that the surface area grows at a slower rate compared to the volume. The larger the cube becomes, the lower the SA:V ratio. 2. **Small Intestine Structure** The human small intestine is designed to maximize food absorption into the blood by increasing the surface area, allowing more time for digestion, and having essential structures to absorb needed nutrients. 3. **Organelles: Membrane-bound vs. Non-membrane-bound** * **Membrane-bound organelles** are primarily made of phospholipids. Examples include: Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondria. * **Non-membrane-bound organelles** are primarily made of proteins. Examples include: Ribosomes and Cytoskeleton. 4. **Prokaryotic Organelles** Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles because they evolved first, before the presence of oxygen. The evolution of oxygen led to the development of cellular respiration, which is present only in eukaryotes that have membrane-bound organelles. 5. **Characteristics of Prokaryotes, Chloroplasts, and Mitochondria** Prokaryotes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria share some common characteristics: - Contain their own DNA and RNA - Have a double cellular structure. - Mitochondria and chloroplasts are considered the “first cells” due to the characteristics they hold.