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# Aralin 2: Mga isyu sa Paggawa The Philippine workforce faces various challenges, including: * **Low wages** * **Lack of company security** * **Job skills mismatch** * **Contractualization** * **Low wages and flexible labor** Globalization has contributed to the following issues: * **High deman...

# Aralin 2: Mga isyu sa Paggawa The Philippine workforce faces various challenges, including: * **Low wages** * **Lack of company security** * **Job skills mismatch** * **Contractualization** * **Low wages and flexible labor** Globalization has contributed to the following issues: * **High demand for specific skills globally.** * **Increased opportunities for local products in global markets.** * **Changes in the workplace and production methods (introduction of modern technology).** * **Low labor costs allowing for lower pricing compared to imported goods.** **Skills for the 21st Century** based on the DepEd 2012 curriculum: * Media & Technology Skills * Learning & Innovation Skills * Communication Skills * Life and Career Skills **Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013 (K to 12) - RA 10533** **Four Pillars for Decent and Honorable Work (DOLE, 2016):** 1. **Employment Pillar** - Ensuring sustainable jobs with equality and fair treatment for employees 2. **Worker's Rights Pillar** - Strengthening worker rights and implementing labor laws. 3. **Social Protection Pillar** - Implementing worker protection measures such as fair wages and safety nets for workers. 4. **Social Dialogue Pillar** - Encouraging discussions between government, workers, and companies to improve working conditions. **Challenges Faced by Workers in Various Sectors:** **A. Agriculture Sector:** * Water scarcity and lack of support from the government. * Conversion of agricultural land to other uses (e.g., malls, factories). * Biodiversity loss resulting from this land conversion. **B. Industry Sector:** * **Mining, construction, and electrical workers** face issues like: * Abuse of worker rights * Long working hours * Low wages * Lack of equal opportunities **C. Service Sector:** * **Financial, retail, transportation, communication, tourism, BPOs, and education** workers face issues like: * Overwork * Health problems due to work conditions * Reduced number of SMEs/ small to medium enterprises **Subcontracting:** Subcontracting is a practice where a company hires another company or individual to perform work for them. There are two common types: * **Labor-only contracting** - This is when sub-contractors don't have the resources to perform the work themselves and rely on hired employees. The hired employees are directly involved in the work performed by the company and their wages are determined directly by the company. * **Job contracting** - Sub-contractors have the necessary resources and control over the work and workers. There isn't a direct link between the hired employees and the principal company.