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AGO MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTER LEGAZPI CITY “A PREMIERE COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY IN BICOL REGION” 3  Why do you want to do this? Why are you taking this class? 4 What is x-rays? X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with...

AGO MEDICAL AND EDUCATIONAL CENTER LEGAZPI CITY “A PREMIERE COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY IN BICOL REGION” 3  Why do you want to do this? Why are you taking this class? 4 What is x-rays? X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with extremely short wavelengths. They can pass through many materials. Radiation – transfer of energy through space or a material away from the source  Radiology- Medical specialty in which x- rays, radium, and radioactive substances are applied in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient  Diagnostic Imaging- Medical specialty in which x-rays, radium, radioactive substances, sound waves, and radio frequencies are applied in the diagnosis and treatment of the patient  Radiologist- Physician who applies any form of radiation in the diagnosis and treatment of disease.  Radiographer- Skilled person qualified by education to provide patient services using imaging modalities as directed by a physician qualified to order and/or perform radiographic procedures. (X-ray Technologist)  Radiograph- a photographic record produced by x-rays through an object.  Types of Radiation Non-ionized Ionized ex: radio ex: x- rays, gamma 14 ◦November 8, 1895:  Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered x- rays ◦German Physicist ◦University of Wurtzburg 15  Wilhelm Röntgen in 1895 - discovered x-rays  Working with Crooke’s vacuum tube ◦ He found invisible rays were produced. ◦ These new rays could go through skin and flesh ◦ Give a picture of a person's bones. 16 17  X-rays – the Basic Radiological Tool Röntgen’s experimental apparatus - Crookes tube Taken 22 Dec. 1895 18  Anna Bertha Röntgen  30 minute exposure. 19  Crookes tube ◦ Air evacuated glass tube ◦ Cathode side ◦ Anode side ◦ Electrical supply  Screen or board painted with barium platinocyanide  Low light work area 20 21  Honored in 1901 with the first Nobel prize in physics for his efforts. 22 23  Nurses or nurses aides taught how to “take an x-ray”  NO special education  Only “ON THE JOB” training  Experience the best teacher The first Technologist is credited to be EDWARD C. JERMAN. 24 25 26  Developed from a technical trade to one of a professionalism  Once thought that anyone could be trained to quickly = “push the buttons’  To now where it is considered a profession that requires analytical thinking and problem solving 27 28 29  X rays began to be used in industry and medicine  Years later, they noticed it can be harmful  They could be harmful to: ◦living tissue ◦ even cause cancer if the exposures were too great or too prolonged 30 Skin dryness  Erythema Ulcers formed 31 32 33  Practices RADIATION SAFETY TO SELF AND OTHERS 34 35 36 37 38 It covers all of our individual disciplines. 39  Radiography  Bone Densitometry  Mammography  Vascular Sonography  Computed  Breast Sonography Tomography  Cardiac  Magnetic Resonance Interventional Imaging Radiography  Quality Management  Vascular  Sonography Interventional radiography  Radiation Therapy  Radiologist Assistant  Nuclear Medicine 40  Radiography (R)  Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM)  Radiation Therapy (T)  Sonography (US) (RDMS)  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) 41   Sonography (US) or  Mammography (M) (RDMS) ◦ Note: Both a primary and post-primary track  Computed Tomography(CT)  Vascular Sonography (VS)  Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI) ◦ Note: Both a primary and post-primary track  Breast Sonography (BS)  Quality Management  Bone Densitometry (BD) (QM)  Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI)  Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)  Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI) 42 1) Can get formal education 1) On the job training 1) if you have a primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy 2) meet clinical requirements. 43  Diagnostic Radiology ◦ Technologist ◦ Radiographer ◦ Technician (Limited Licensure) ◦ Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of the body including the skeletal system,chest and abdomen 44 Radiography Fluoroscopy  1898 by Thomas Edison 46  Chest  Extremities  Skull/ Facial  Spine  Gastrointestinal  Interventional 48  Head to toes  Infants  Trauma  Elderly  Special procedures  All classes  Critical patients  All ethnicity  Walk ins  All backgrounds  Surgery 49 50 51 52 Flouroscopy- xrays in motion 53 54 55 56 57 1. Ultrasound (sonography) 2. Angiography 3. Computerized tomography (CT) 4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 5. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 6. Nuclear Medicine 7. Mammography 8. Radiation Therapy 1. Ultrasound (sonography) 2. Angiography 3. Computerized tomography (CT) 4. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 5. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) 6. Nuclear Medicine 7. Mammography 8. Radiation Therapy 1) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy 2) Meet clinical requirements 61 62 63  Ultrasound (sonography) --uses high frequency sound waves Ultrasound beam is transmitted and reflected – as special crystal at the end of the transducer can determine the type of tissue Determines depth 65  Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS) “real time” images 66 uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images. 67 68 69 70 71 72 74 75 76 77  Cardiovascular Interventional Technology  Vascular Interventional Technology Must have certification in diagnostic radiography in order to be trained and certified in these special procedures. 1) Must have primary certification in radiography 2) Meet clinical requirements 79 1) Must have primary certification in radiography 2) Meetclinical requirements 80 81 82 82 Angiogram Computed Tomography Uses ionized radiation to obtain cross sectional images Designated by CT Jennifer Smith, R.T. (R) (CT) 1) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy 2) Meet clinical requirements 86  Able to do 3D reconstruction  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Uses ◦ Magnet field ◦ radio waves 90  MRI ◦ Uses magnetic and radio waves to create images ◦ Can be whole body or cross sectional ◦ Designated by MRI 94 95 96  Uses ionizing radiation  Uses magnets and radiowaves  Can be used on any  Cannot be used on patient patients who have metal in their body  Fast CT  Slow MRI 97 98 99 Nuclear Medicine  Nuclear Medicine ◦ Uses radioactive isotopes to produce images ◦ Radiation comes from within the patient  Primary or Post primary certification PET scan Mammography  Mammography ◦ Breast imaging using ionized radiation  Medical dosimetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations  1-4 year program 10 5 10 6 10 7 Radiation therapy  Radiation Therapy ◦ Involved the treatment of diseases ◦ Use high level of ionized radiation (megavolt) to kill cancerous cells  Primary certification  Education  Administration  Management (QM)  Commercial  Radiologist Assistant = RA  Sales  Application specialist 11 0  Still not widely accepted  Must have a primary certification in radiography  Must meet clinical requirements 11 1 TRAVELING TECHNOLOGIST = SEE THE WORLD AND GET $$$ 11 3  Registry (local)  Registry (out of state)  X rays taken around the world !! 11 4  physicians offices,  clinical outpatient facilities,  free standing imaging centers,  mobile imaging centers  portable services to rehabs  Mammo’s to under privileged areas  Urgent care 11 5  Radiology Assistant (Like PA)  LLU  PART OF RADIOLOGIST GROUP  Still not widely accepted 11 6 11 7