Week 4 Research Methodology for Nursing (BSN) PDF

College of Health Sciences Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Program NUR-3253 Research Methodology for Nursing By: Prof. Farida Habib Dr. Amina Elzeiny.2 Week 4 Literature Revie...

College of Health Sciences Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) Program NUR-3253 Research Methodology for Nursing By: Prof. Farida Habib Dr. Amina Elzeiny.2 Week 4 Literature Reviews: Finding and Critiquing Evidence ©McGraw-Hill Education 3 Outlines Definition of literature review Purposes and scope of research literature reviews Types of information for a research review Major steps and strategies in doing a literature review Formulating a search strategy Key electronic databases for nurse researchers Critiquing research literature reviews ©McGraw-Hill Education.4 Learning Objectives Session Learning Outcomes: By the end of this session students will be able to:  Discuss the purposes of the literature review in quantitative and qualitative research.  Identify the sources included in a literature review.  Differentiate primary source from a secondary source.  Critically appraise the literature review section of a published study.  Conduct a computerized search of the literature.  Read and appraise literature to develop a synthesis of the literature.  Write a literature review to promote the use of evidence-based knowledge in nursing practice. ©McGraw-Hill Education 5 Question Tell whether the statement is true or false: A research literature review is a written summary of evidence on a research problem. ©McGraw-Hill Education 6 Answer True A research literature review is a written summary of evidence on a research problem. A literature search is a search for information using a range of sources. ©McGraw-Hill Education 7 Purposes of a Literature Review 1. Identification of a research problem 2. Orientation to what is known/not known 3. Determination of gaps or inconsistencies in a body of research 4. Determination of a need to replicate a study 5. Identification of clinical interventions that need to be tested ©McGraw-Hill Education.8 Purposes of a Literature Review (cont’d) 6. Identification of relevant conceptual frameworks for a research problem. 7. Identification of suitable designs and data collection methods. 8. Identification of experts who could be used as consultants on a project. 9. Assistance in interpreting findings and developing implications. ©McGraw-Hill Education.9 Sources Included in a Literature Review Periodicals and journals Conference papers Theses and dissertations Books and textbooks ©McGraw-Hill Education.10 Databases Suitable for Nursing CINAHL(Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) Medline (Medical Literature on-Line) OVID EBSCO host PsychInfo Cambridge Scientific ©McGraw-Hill Education 11 Tips on searching skills 1. Thinks broadly 2. Ask yourself if you have dependent and independent variables 3. Look for most relevant and recent study references ©McGraw-Hill Education.12 Keywords Major concepts or variables of a research problem or topic used to search a database May be single terms or phrases Most databases have a thesaurus that can be used to identify keywords. Each keyword used should be listed in a written search plan. ©McGraw-Hill Education.13 Limit the Search To English language The publication dates to recent years To papers that are research To full-text articles (this can be risky) Peer-reviewed publications ©McGraw-Hill Education  Types of Search in Electronic Databases Subject search Search for topics or keywords in the database Text word search Search for specific words in text fields of the database record Author search Search for a specific researcher ©McGraw-Hill Education 15 Example of a Printout From a CINAHL Search ©McGraw-Hill Education 16 Example of a Printout From a PubMed Search ©McGraw-Hill Education.17 Example Database ©McGraw-Hill Education.18 ©McGraw-Hill Education 19 Search Strategy Inclusion and exclusion criteria Sources ©McGraw-Hill Education 20 Search Strategy Example: Anticipatory grief among parents with children with cancer. Inclusion criteria  The study could be from any country as long as reported in English  Studies of parental caring for their child with cancer  Studies about grief or anticipatory grief  Family coping with life-threatening or chronic illness  Children with any type of cancer  Research methods in studies of children or adults with cancer. ©McGraw-Hill Education 21 Search Strategy Exclusion criteria  Not reported in English language  Causes of cancer or medical treatment of cancer  Opinion articles (rather than research-based articles)  Organizational or management focus  Works older than 5 years unless seminal work ©McGraw-Hill Education 22 Search Strategy Sources Four databases were searched. These included CINAHL, OVID MEDLINE, PsycINFO and AMED database were searched thoroughly. The first step in the search was clarification of the search question and identification of key concepts. Search Question: Do parents of a child newly diagnosed with cancer differ in the intensity of their anticipatory grief responses from those whose child was diagnosed between six and twelve months previously? ©McGraw-Hill Education 23 Sources Can be Utilized When Searching the Internet Search engines provide the means to search the Internet. Some are better than others. Google Scholar is an excellent search engine. University libraries provide a list of good search engines. You may find information on the Internet that is useful to your topic. ©McGraw-Hill Education.24 Obtaining Information on the Internet Advantage: information is more current than that found in books. Disadvantage: information is uneven in terms of accuracy. There is no screening process for information put on the Web. It is important to check the source of any information obtained on the Web to judge its validity. ©McGraw-Hill Education.25 Synthesis of Sources What does the researcher include in the synthesis of sources Compile findings from all selected studies Analyze and interpret clustered findings Specify current state of research-based knowledge ©McGraw-Hill Education.26 Two types of sources 1. Primary sources Principal reliance on primary sources (research reports written by researchers who conducted the study) In research, written by the person(s) who conducted the research In theory, written by the theorist(s) who developed the theory ©McGraw-Hill Education 27 Two Types of Sources 1. Secondary sources Paraphrase the works of researchers and theorists. Primary sources should be used ©McGraw-Hill Education 28 Two Types of Sources 1. ©McGraw-Hill Education.29 Title and Abstract First Read Title and Abstract Brief description of the study Placed at the beginning of the journal article About 100 to 300 words Readers assess whether the entire report is of interest. What were the research questions? What methods did the researcher: What did the researcher find? What are the implications for practice? ©McGraw-Hill Education 30 If Relevant Read Introduction Methods Results Discussion Some times implication or conclusion References ©McGraw-Hill Education.31 Questions for Critically Appraising Literature Reviews Are primary sources cited in the review? Are the references current? Are relevant studies identified and described? Are relevant theories identified and described? Are relevant landmark studies described? Are the studies critiqued? ©McGraw-Hill Education.32 Questions for Critically Appraising Literature Reviews (Cont.) Are sources paraphrased to promote the flow of content? Is the current knowledge about the research problem described? Does literature review identify gap(s) in the knowledge base that provides a basis for study? Is the literature review clearly organized, logically developed, and concise? ©McGraw-Hill Education 33 Components the Nurse Research Include in the Literature Review What is known and not known about the topic The focus of the study Sources must be current—published within the past 5 years Landmark studies may be included if essential to the background of the problem ©McGraw-Hill Education.34 Steps in Writing a Review of the Literature Purposes – Document current knowledge of selected topic – Indicate findings ready for use in practice Outline 1. Introduction 2. Empirical literature ©McGraw-Hill Education 35 The Introduction Indicates focus or purpose of review Describes organization of sources Indicates basis for ordering: – Most important to least – Earliest to most recent – Categories ©McGraw-Hill Education 36 The Data-based Literature Includes quality studies relevant to topic For each study, purpose, sample, sample size, design, and specific findings are presented, using paraphrasing rather than direct quotes. Scholarly, but brief, critique of study’s strengths and weaknesses ©McGraw-Hill Education 37 Critical Thinking Question Indicate what should a researched read If the abstract was relevant during literature review process. ©McGraw-Hill Education 38 Critical Thinking Question Differentiate between primary and secondary resources. ©McGraw-Hill Education