8.pdf

# Compu-Tech and Robotics: Teacher's Guide, Level 8 ## Introduction We live in an ever-advancing era. Technological development is accelerating, demanding deeper understanding of how computers work and operate. The introduction of computer-oriented skills is becoming increasingly important, both...

# Compu-Tech and Robotics: Teacher's Guide, Level 8 ## Introduction We live in an ever-advancing era. Technological development is accelerating, demanding deeper understanding of how computers work and operate. The introduction of computer-oriented skills is becoming increasingly important, both for children and adults. This book series aims to bridge the gap between complex digital concepts and the human mind, aiding in everyday interaction with digital systems. This book series uses effective methods to engage students with programming and robotics concepts: - **Friendly approaches:** Ensuring students benefit from the learning process. - **Direct contact with advanced concepts:** Providing a foundation for a wide range of future opportunities. The benefits of learning about computers and robotics are plentiful: - **Personal development:** Improved critical thinking, independent work ethic, and empowerment. - **Career opportunities:** Better career options, stronger problem-solving skills, and enhanced programming knowledge. - **Future-proof skills:** A focus on curiosity and creativity, leading to future-proof knowledge. This book focuses on: - **Conditions in Excel:** Understanding how to create and use conditional statements. - **Formatting in Word:** Mastering the techniques for formatting documents with styles and tools. - **Links in PowerPoint:** Utilizing hyperlinks to create connections and enhance presentations. - **Writing code in HTML:** Gaining a foundational understanding of web development. - **Sensors in Robotics:** Discovering the fundamentals of using sensors in coding for robots. **Early exposure** to computers in a positive and engaging way builds a solid foundation for students to confidently navigate the digital world as they grow into adulthood. ## Content ### Unit 1: Using Spreadsheets with Microsoft Excel * Manipulating Worksheets, Rows, and Columns - Managing Excel Worksheets. - Handling columns and rows through operations. - Learning useful cell skills. * IF and VLOOKUP - Introduction to advanced functions: IF and VLOOKUP. - Applying IF function to create conditional statements.. - Applying VLOOKUP function to search for data within a table. * Conditional Formatting - Mastering Conditional Formatting (i.e., letting Excel decide how to color cells based on specific conditions). - Identifying and applying different types of conditional formatting rules. - Creating colorful and informative data visuals. ### Unit 2: Using Text Editing with Microsoft Word * Advanced Formatting - Discover new document formatting features in Microsoft Word. - Explore advanced formatting options beyond basic styling. - Apply these formatting rules to create professional and engaging documents. * Working with Bullet Lists and Numbering - Incorporating numbered lists and bulleted lists within documents. - Utilizing formatting options for lists: colors, sizes, and styles. - Creating visually appealing and organized lists. ### Unit 3: Website Building with HTML * Working with Tables: - Inserting and modifying tables in Microsoft Word. - Understanding the basics of table structure and format. - Formatting tables: colors, styles, and borders. * HTML Quick Review: - Exploring HTML formatting features: horizontal lines, bullets, and numbering. - Reviewing the basics of HTML syntax and structure. * Marquee: - Working with scrolling text and images. - Creating dynamic and interactive web elements with the marquee tag. ### Unit 4: PowerPoint * Introduction - Introduction to working with tables within PowerPoint. - Formatting tables: colors, styles, and borders. - Aligning and adjusting table layouts. * Hyperlinks and Action Buttons - Linking to specific slides or external resources. - Creating interactive buttons for navigation within presentations. ### Unit 5: Robotics * Sensors: Introduction - Discovering the role of sensors in technology. - Understanding the basic functionalities of sensors. * Working with Sensors - Implementing sensors within coding for robotics. - Exploring different types of sensors and their applications. - Creating interactive and responsive robots through sensor integration. ## Unit 1 - Manipulating Worksheets, Rows, and Columns ##### Objectives: - Learn how to manage Excel worksheets. - Handle column and row operations. - Master some useful cell skills. ##### Activities: - **Rename/Delete/Move Worksheets:** Explore how to rename, delete, and move sheets in Excel. -**Insert/Delete Rows/Columns:** Learn how to insert and delete both rows and columns by right-clicking and selecting options from the contextual menu. - **Manipulating Row/Column Data:** Understand how to copy, delete, and move data within rows and columns using the right-click menu (copy, delete, and move options). - **AutoFill Feature:** Master the AutoFill feature to quickly complete rows and columns. ##### Instructions: 1. **Start the Activity:** Accompany students to the lab. 2. **Follow the Guide:** Use the instructions provided within the book. 3. **Explore Resources:** Access the additional resources including video tutorials. ##### Solution (Practice): - **Recreating the table:** Create a table reflecting the given data and use the AutoFill feature to save time. - **Calculating Average:** Calculate the average for each of the weeks. - **Calculating Minimum and Maximum values:** For each week, use Excel functions to calculate the minimum and maximum values. ## Unit 2 - Advanced Formatting ##### Objectives: - Discover advanced document formatting features in Microsoft Word. - Learn to work with bullets and numbering. ##### Activities: - **Explore the Document.** Observe the features used in the document. - **Manipulating text formatting:** Practice using bold, italic, underline, strikethrough, colors, and strikethrough options. - **Bullets and Numbering:** Apply different formatting techniques like shapes, colors, sizes, and alignment to lists. Experiment with various numbering styles. ##### Instructions: 1. **Start the Activity:** Accompany students to the lab. 2. **Follow the Guide:** Use the instructions provided within the book. 3. **Explore Resources:** Access the additional resources including video tutorials. ## Unit 3 - Website Building with HTML ##### Objectives: - Learn to insert and modify tables in a Microsoft Word document. - Understand basic table structure and format. - Gain familiarity with HTML formatting features. - Explore the concept of a marquee tag with scrolling text and images. ##### Activities: - **Creating a table**: Practice inserting and modifying a table in Word. Experiment with different table features (borders, colors, alignment). - **HTML basics:** Review basic HTML concepts like horizontal lines (hr), bullets (ul), and numbering (ol). - **Marquee tag:** Practice using the marquee tag to create scrolling text or images. Experiment with different "behavior" attributes of the marquee tag (scroll, slide, alt). ##### Instructions: 1. **Start the Activity:** Accompany students to the lab. 2. **Follow the Guide:** Use the instructions provided within the book. 3. **Explore Resources:** Access the additional resources including video tutorials. ## Unit 4 - PowerPoint ##### Objectives: - Learn to work with tables in PowerPoint. - Master creating hyperlinks and action buttons. ##### Activities: - **Creating and Formatting a Table:** Create a table in PowerPoint and apply different formatting options (borders, colors, styles). - **Hyperlinks:** Practice inserting hyperlinks to different slides or web addresses within the PowerPoint presentation. - **Action Buttons:** Create interactive buttons (using shapes or other objects) that will link to slides or perform actions. ##### Instructions: 1. **Start the Activity:** Accompany students to the lab. 2. **Follow the Guide:** Use the instructions provided within the book. 3. **Explore Resources:** Access the additional resources including video tutorials. ## Unit 5 - Robotics ##### Objectives: - Understand the role of sensors in technology. - Explore basic sensor functionalities. - Apply sensors within robotics coding. ##### Activities: - **Research Sensors:** Explore different types of sensors (temperature, light, motion) and their basic functionalities. - **Code with Sensors:** Practice using sensors within coding for robots (e.g., create a program that senses motion and triggers a robot to move). ##### Instructions: 1. **Start the Activity:** Accompany students to the lab. 2. **Follow the Guide:** Use the instructions provided within the book. 3. **Explore Resources:** Access the additional resources including video tutorials. ## Unit 1 - IF and VLOOKUP **Learning Objectives:** - Discover and apply the advanced functions `IF` and `VLOOKUP`. - Build practical application of these functions in real-world scenarios. ### Introducing the `IF` Function The `IF` function is a powerful tool that evaluates conditions and returns specific values based on the outcome: true or false.Think of it as a conditional statement that helps Excel make decisions. **Syntax:** ``` =IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false) ``` Let's look at an example: Suppose we have a column of Total Sales values. We want to highlight sales greater than $500, indicating "Good Results". Otherwise, for sales under or equal to $500, we'll mark them as "Bad Results." **Step 1: Selecting the Function** - Select the cell where you want the result to be displayed. - Click on the `Insert Function` button on the formula bar. - The dialog box will appear. - Search for the `IF` function in the list. **Step 2: Setting the Arguments** - The Dialog box opens. - * **Logical Test:** Enter the condition (e.g., `A2 > 500`) where `A2` refers to the cell containing the Total Sales value. - * **Value if True:** Specify the result to display when the condition is true. - * **Value if False:** Specify the result to display when the condition is false. **Step 3: Applying the Formula** - Click `OK`. - Excel calculates the result based on the conditional formatting and displays "Good Results" or "Bad Results" appropriately. ### Introducing the `VLOOKUP` Function The `VLOOKUP` function is a powerful tool for pulling specific data from table records based on matching values. It's like looking up data in a phonebook. **Syntax:** ``` =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup]) ``` For example: Imagine a table containing employee IDs and corresponding salaries. You need to find an employee's salary using their ID. **Step 1: Selecting the Function:** - Select the cell where you want the lookup value to be displayed. - Click the `Insert Function` button on the formula bar. - Search for the `VLOOKUP` function. **Step 2: Setting the Arguments:** - **Lookup Value:** This is the value you are searching for (e.g., the employee's ID). - **Table Array:** Select the entire range of data in the table, including the ID and Salary columns. - **Col Index Num:** Specify the number of the column in the table where the value to be returned is located (in this case, the Salary column). - **Range Lookup:** Choose `FALSE` to ensure an exact match for the lookup value in the ID column. **Step 3: Applying the Formula** - Click `OK`. - The `VLOOKUP` function searches the ID column in the table, finds a match, and then returns the corresponding salary value. ## Understanding Conditional Formatting Conditional formatting is a powerful tool for visualizing data and making it easy to identify trends and patterns in your data. It allows you to automatically apply specific formatting, such as colors, bold, underline, or strikethrough, to cells based on conditions. **Rule Type:** - **Highlight Cells Rules:** Apply formatting based on specific values or conditions: - "Greater Than": Format cells that are higher than a set value. - "Less Than": Format cells that are lower than a set value. - "Between" Format cells that have values within a specific range. - "Not Between": Format values fall outside a specified range. - "Equal to": Format cells with a specific value. - "Not Equal to": Format cells that don't match a specific value. - **Top/Bottom Rules:** Format cells based on ranking within a dataset: - "Top 10": Format the top 10 values (or any percentage) in a range. - "Bottom 10": Format the bottom 10 values (or any percentage) in a range. - "Above Average": Format cells with values above the average of a range. - "Below Average": Format cells with values below the average of a range. - **Data Bars:** Display a visual bar representing the value of each cell in a range. - **Color Scales:** Color cells based on their value based on a continuous color gradient. - **Icon Sets:** Display icons based on the value of each cell in a range, offering visual cues for trends. **Steps to Apply Conditional Formatting:** - **Select the Cells:** Highlight the cells where you want to apply conditional formatting. - **Access Conditional Formatting:** Click the "Conditional Formatting" button on the Home tab. - **Choose a Rule Type:** Select the type of conditional formatting rule that best suits your needs (see the Rule Type section above). - **Define Formatting Rules:** - **Highlight Cells Rules:** Specify the value or condition for formatting. - **Top/Bottom Rules:** Select the type of ranking and values for formatting. - **Data Bars, Color Scales, or Icon Sets:** Select the style and customization. - **Click OK:** Excel applies your rule to the cells automatically. ### Removing Conditional Formatting - **Use the "Clear Rules" Option:** - Click the "Conditional formatting" button. - Select "Clear Rules" and choose to clear the rules for either the selected cells, the entire worksheet, or from a specific table. ## Additional Resources - `Sales.xlsx` Workbook: Practice applying conditional formatting and using `IF` and `VLOOKUP` functions. **Solution (Practice):** 1. **Open the Workbook:** Load the `Sales.xlsx` workbook. 2. **Selection**: Select cells `B2:G20`. 3. **Conditional Formatting:** - **Rule 1:** - Click "Conditional Formatting" and choose "Highlight Cells Rules." - Select "Less Than" and enter "2000" as the value. - Choose "Fill", select "Red" as the color, and check the "Underline" box for underlining. - **Rule 2:** - Click "Conditional Formatting" and choose "Highlight Cells Rules." - Select "Greater Than" and enter "9000" as the value. - Choose "Fill," select "Blue" as the color. 4. **Save the Changes:** Use the "Save As" option to save your modified workbook. 5. **Exploration:** Explore other formatting tools and experiment with different combinations. Remember: - **Conditional Formatting is dynamic:** Format changes automatically based on the cell values, requiring manual adjustments. - **Test your results:** Make sure your conditional formatting is working exactly as you intended. ## Microsoft Excel Keyboard Shortcuts **General Keys:** | Shortcut | Action | |-----------------|------------------------------------| | Ctrl + N | Create a new workbook | | Ctrl + O | Open an existing workbook | | Ctrl + S | Save the active workbook | | F12 | Save the active workbook under a new name (Save as dialog box)| | Ctrl + W | Close the active workbook | | Shift + F11 | Insert a new worksheet | | Ctrl + C | Copy selected cells | | Ctrl + X | Cut selected cells | | Ctrl + V | Paste copied content | | Ctrl + Z | Undo the last action | | Ctrl + Y | Redo the last action (if possible) | | Ctrl + P | Open the "Print" dialog box | **Selecting Data:** | Shortcut | Action | |----------------------|--------------------------------------------------| | Ctrl + A | Select the entire worksheet | | Ctrl + Space | Select the entire column | | Shift + Space | Select the entire row | **Formatting/Editing:** | Shortcut | Action | |-----------------|--------------------------------| | Ctrl + B | Bold or un-bold cell content | | Ctrl + I | Italicize or un-italicize cell content | | Ctrl + U | Underline or remove underline | | Ctrl + ; | Insert the current date | | Ctrl + Shift + ; | Insert the current time | | Ctrl + Enter | Fill selected cells with current cell's content | | F2 | Edit the current cell | | Shift + F3 | Insert Function | **Navigating and Viewing Data:** | Shortcut | Action | |-----------------|---------------------------------------------------| | Ctrl + Tab | Switch to the next open Excel workbook | | Ctrl + PgDown | Switch to the next worksheet | | Ctrl + PgUp | Switch to the previous worksheet | | Ctrl + F | Display the "Find" dialog box | | Ctrl + H | Display the "Replace" dialog box | | Home | Move to the first cell in the current row | | Ctrl + Home | Move to the beginning of the worksheet (A1 cell) | | Ctrl + End | Move to the last used cell in the worksheet | **Navigation Keys:** | Key | Action | |------|-------------------------------------------| | Ctrl | Move to the beginning of a section | | Shift | Move to the end of a selection/section | These general keys, selections, and navigation tips will be used in every Unit. Remember: Practice and repetition will improve your skills. Use the provided resources to help you master these core Excel concepts and functions. Good luck with your journey into the world of computers and robotics!